| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,170 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,220 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 50,969,659 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 90,966,755 |
اثر مدیریت مصرف آب بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم | ||
| تحقیقات مهندسی سازه های آبیاری و زهکشی | ||
| دوره 26، زمستان - شماره پیاپی 101، دی 1404، صفحه 64-49 اصل مقاله (564.37 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/idser.2026.372463.1645 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| نادر نادری* | ||
| استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان سمنان (شاهرود)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شاهرود، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور ارزیابی تأثیر مدیریتهای کاهش مصرف آب آبیاری (دور و درصد آبیاری) بر ویژگیهای عملکردی گندم، آزمایشی طی سالهای ۱۳۹۸ تا ۱۴۰۰ در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی سمنان (شاهرود) بهاجرا در آمد. طرح آزمایشی به صورت کرتهای خردشده و در قالب بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در نظر گرفته شد. تیمارها شامل سه دور آبیاری (چهار، پنج و شش روز) در کرتهای اصلی و سه سطح تأمین آب شامل آبیاری کامل (۱۰۰ درصد نیاز آبی) و کمآبیاری (۸۰ و ۶۰ درصد نیاز آبی) در کرتهای فرعی بودند. تمامی مدیریتهای بهزراعی در تیمارها یکسان و آبیاری با سامانه بارانی تاشو اجرا شد. نتایج تجزیۀ مرکب نشان داد که دور آبیاری و اثر ترکیبی آن با سطح تأمین آب بر بیشتر صفات مورد بررسی اثر معنیدار دارد. بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، تعداد دانه در سنبله و وزن هزار دانه در دور آبیاری چهار روز ثبت شد، اما در عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت تفاوت معنیداری بین دورهای چهار و پنج روز مشاهده نشد. صفات ارتفاع بوته، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت در تیمارهای ۱۰۰ و ۸۰ درصد نیاز آبی در یک گروه آماری قرار گرفتند، در حالی که کاهش تأمین آب به ۶۰ درصد سبب کاهش 17/39 درصد در عملکرد دانه شد. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، تیمارهای دور آبیاری چهار و پنج روز همراه با ۸۰ درصد تأمین آب، مناسبترین مدیریت برای حفظ عملکرد گندم با کاهش مصرف آب بودند. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که اِعمال ۸۰ درصد تأمین نیاز آبی همراه با دور آبیاری پنج روزه میتواند با حفظ عملکرد دانه در سطح آماری مشابه آبیاری کامل، گزینهای مناسب برای مدیریت بهینه مصرف آب در کشت گندم باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| ارتفاع بوته؛ بارانی تاشو؛ دور آبیاری؛ شاخص برداشت؛ کمآبیاری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Impact of water consumption management on yield and yield components of wheat | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Nader Naderi | ||
| Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Engineering Research, Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Semnan (Shahrood), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shahrood, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extend Abstract Introduction In order to increase water productivity, the use of modern methods of pressurized irrigation is one of the effective solutions. These methods can play an important role in conserving water resources by reducing water losses, increasing irrigation efficiency and allowing more accurate management of time and amount of applied water. Sprinkler irrigation is one of the suitable options for wheat fields in semi - arid regions. The Rain flat sprinkler irrigation system as a relatively new sprinkler method, requires less work pressure than conventional sprinkler methods and therefore energy consumption decreases. In addition, installation and operation of this system is simpler and faster and can be an appropriate option for irrigation management in water deficit conditions. Therefore, due to the limited water resources in Semnan province and the importance of wheat production and also for introducing the Rain flat sprinkler irrigation system, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of irrigation interval and different levels of water supply on yield and yield components of wheat. Methodology The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of irrigation interval and different water levels on yield and yield components of wheat in Rain flat sprinkler irrigation method for two years. The experiment was conducted as a split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications in Shahrud Agricultural Research and Education Center. Three irrigation intervals (4, 5 and 6 days) were allocated to main plots and three irrigation levels (100 ,80 and 60 %) in sub plots. Sprinkler irrigation pipes were placed at 4-meter intervals between planting rows. The length of planting rows was 8m. By using the Penman - Monteith method, water requirement of the plant was determined. At the end of growing season, wheat was harvested and yield was measured in each plot. Yield components including plant height, thousand grain weight and grains number per spike were determined for all treatments. Harvest index was calculated from the division of seed weight to total weight of vegetative and reproductive organs. Results and Discussion Results showed that the highest grain yield was achieved in irrigation interval of 4 and 5 days whereas irrigation interval of 6 days decreased yield. The effects of water supply, the treatments of 100 % and 80 % water supply had the highest yield and the 60 % water supply had the lowest yield. Therefore, it is possible to reduce water supply from 100 to 80 percent without significant reduction of yield, but decreases from 80 to 60 percent decrease grain yield by 39.17%. The interaction of interval and water supply showed that 4 days with 100 % water, 4 days with 80 % water and 5 days with 100 % water had the highest yield. The lowest yield belonged to 6 days with 60 % water, indicating a decrease of up to 60.35 % in adverse irrigation management. The highest plant height, grains number per spike and thousand grain weight was obtained in 4 days irrigation interval, but there was no significant difference between 4 and 5 days in grain yield and harvest index. Also, plant height, grains number per spike, thousand grain weight and harvest index were in the treatment 100 and 80 percent of water supply in the top group, while reducing water supply to 60 percent reduced the yield and its components significantly. The results show that in Rain flat sprinkler irrigation system, with appropriate management of irrigation interval and irrigation interval equal to 5 days and supplying 80 % water requirement, both yield and yield components can be maintained in desirable condition, while increasing irrigation interval or severe water reduction, both lead to significant decrease in yield and yield components. Conclusions The results of combined analysis showed that irrigation interval and its combined effect with water supply level had a significant effect on most of traits. The highest plant height, grains number per spike and thousand grain weight was recorded in 4 days irrigation interval, but there was no significant difference between 4 and 5 days in grain yield and harvest index. Also, plant height, grains number per spike, thousand grain weight, grain yield and harvest index were in 100% and 80% water supply in a statistical group, while reducing water supply to 60% reduced grain yield by 17.39%. Based on results, irrigation interval of 4 and 5 days with 80% water supply was the most suitable management to maintain wheat yield by reducing water use. The results of this study indicate that optimal water management in wheat cultivation can be achieved without yield reduction by reducing irrigation water by 20 percent and adopting a 5-day irrigation interval. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Deficit irrigation, Harvest index, Irrigation interval, Plant height, Rain flat | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Afshar, H. (2025). Investigating the Yield and Water Productivity of Wheat in Different Planting Arrangements in Drip Irrigation (Case Study of Torbat Heydarieh). Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage. 18(6): 963-970. (in Persian) Ahmadi, A., Backer, D.A. (2001). The effect of water stress on grain filling processes in wheat. Journal of Agriculture Science. 136: 257-269. Anonymous. (2017). Report on Semnan province agricultural water productivity, Semnan province agriculture-jahad organization. (in Persian) Anonymous. (2024). Statistics of the agricultural year 2022-2023. Volume one crops, Office of Statistics and information technology of the deputy minister of planning and economy of agriculture-jahad ministry. (in Persian) Azizi Zehan, A.A., Shahabifar, M. & Ebrahimipak, N.A. (2014). Evaluation of water use efficiency in Iran and the world. The First National Soil and Water Management Conference in Wheat Production. Soil and water research institute. Karaj, Iran. (in Persian) Behdad, M., Paknejad, F., Mahdavi Damghani, A., Vazan, S. & Moarrefi, M. (2022). Effects of drought stress on agronomical traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): A meta-analysis. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 15(1): 53-65. (in Persian) Dolferus, R., Powell, N., Ji, X., Ravash, R., Edlington, J., Oliver, S., Van Dongen, J. & Shiran, B. (2013). The physiology of peproductive-ptageabiotic stress tolerance in cereals. Molecular Stress Physiology of Plants. Springer India. 193-216. Ebrahimi, M., Dastan, S. & Yadi, R. (2018). Life cycle assessment of ecological footprint of water in wheat production under effect of irrigation regimes with application nano-silicon and nano-potassium chelate in Boushehr region. Crop Production. 11(4): 71-88. (in Persian) Ebrahimipak, N.A., Tafteh, A., Abbasi, F. & Baghani, J. (2022). Estimation of the Actual Amount of Wheat Irrigation Water Using the NIAZAB System and Comparing with the Farm Measurement. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research. 53(9): 2075-2092. (in Persian) Ehdaie, B., Nourmohamadi, GH. & Vala, A. (1994). Environmental sensitivity and correlation analysis of grain yield and its components in Khuzestan tetraploid genotypes under favorable and unfavorable environmental conditions. The Scientific Journal of Agriculture. 31(17): 15-17. (in Persian) Eidizadeh, Kh., Ebrahimpour, F. & Ebrahimi, M.A. (2016.). Effect of different irrigation regimes on yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in Ramin climate. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 9(1): 29-36. (in Persian) Gholami, Z., Ebrahimian, H. & Noori, H. (2016). Investigation of irrigation water productivity in sprinkler and surface irrigation systems (Case study: Qazvin plain). Journal of Irrigation Sciences and Engineering. 39(3): 135-146. (in Persian)Hajiabadi, F., Hassanpour, F., Yaghoobzadeh, M., Hammami, H. & Seyyedi, S.M. (2021). The effect of deficit irrigation and saline water treatments on growth and yield responses of Sirvan bread wheat cultivar. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 11(2): 51-63. (in Persian) Iran Meteorological Organization (IMO). (2022). Long-term climatic statistics of Shahroud–Bastam synoptic station, Semnan Province. Iran Meteorological Organization. Tehran, Iran. Kamkar, B., Daneshmand, F., Ghooshchi, A.H. & SafahaniLangeroudi, A.R. (2011). The effect of irrigation regimes and nitrogen rates on some agronomic traits of canola under semiarid environment. Agricultural Water Management. 98: 1005-1012. Karimi Dastgerdi, Z., Mohammady, SH., Hoshmand, S. & Rabiei, M. (2021). Effects of water stress conditions on Yield, Harvest Index, and Sterility in Wheat Genotypes (Triticum aestivum). Crop Production. 4(3): 27-42. (in Persian) Keykhaei, F. & Ganji Khorramdel, N. (2017). Effect of Deficit Irrigation in Corrugation and Border Methods on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Wheat cv. Hamoon. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture. 3(2): 139-149. (in Persian) Kiani, A.R. & kalateharabi, M. (2009). Assessment of water production function of wheat under supplementary irrigation. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage. 3(2): 112-122. (in Persian) Li, F., Wei, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, J., Nong, M. & Kang, S. (2010). Water use efficiency and physiological responses of maize under partial root-zone irrigation. Agricultural Water Management. 97:1156-1164. Liu, H., Yu, L., Luoa, Y., Wang, X. & Huang, G. (2011). Responses of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) evapotranspiration and yield to sprinkler irrigation regimes. Agricultural Water Management. doi:10.1016/j. agwat.2010.09.006. Martinez, J.P., Silva, H., Ledent, J. F. & Pinto, M. (2007). Effect of drought stress on the osmotic adjustment, cell wall elasticity and cell volume of six cultivars of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). European Journal of Agronomy. 26: 30- 38. Mohammadi, Sh., Sadatinejad, S.J. & Shiran B.B. (2006). Which one is responsible for apical sterility in wheat under water–stress conditions, ovule or pollen. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science. 15(9): 2808- 2811. Mohtadi, M., Albaji, M. & Broomand nasab, S. (2017). Investigation of Water Productivity of Wheat in Some Irrigation and Drainage Networks of Khuzestan. Journal of Irrigation Sciences and Engineering. 40(1): 239-248. (in Persian) Mondal, M.H., Burn, W.A., Brenner, M.L. (1978). Effects of sink removal on photosynthesis and senescence in leaves of soybean plants. Plant Physiol. 61:394-397. Naderi, N. & Ghadami Firouzabadi, A. (2022). Irrigation Efficiency, Water Requirement and Water Productivity in Surface Irrigation Method in Apricot and Grape Gardens. Journal of Irrigation and Water Engineering. 12(4): 125-140. (in Persian) Naderi, N., Ghadami Firouzabadi, A. & Froumadi, M. (2018). Technical Evaluation of Different Sprinkler Irrigation Systems in Field Condition. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture. 32(3): 429-439. (in Persian) Nakhjavanimoghaddam, M.M., Ashrafi, S. & Sepehri, S. (2024). Wheat Water Management Indicators in Both Surface and Sprinkler Irrigation Systems (Case Study Upstream of Karkheh Basin). Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage. 18(2): 217-225. (in Persian) Nasseri, A. (2018). Energy use and economic analysis for wheat production by conservation tillage along with sprinkler irrigation. Science of the total Environment. 648 (15): 450-459. Neysi, B., Ranjbar, GH. & Najafi Zarini, H. (2026). The Evaluation of Yield and Some Morphological Traits in the Double Haploid Line of Bread Wheat Genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) under Drought Stress Conditions. Journal of Crop Breeding. 18(1): 163-176. (in Persian) Roodbarani, J., Mozaffari, J. & Mohseni Movahed, S.A. (2021). Comparison of bean yield in Furrow, Tape and Rain flat irrigation systems. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation. 28(2): 195-210. (in Persian) Royo, C., Aparicio, N., Blanco, R., Villegas, D. (2004). Leaf and green area development of durum wheat genotypes grown under Mediterranean conditions. European Journal of Agronomy. 69: 231-233 Saneoka, H., Moghaieb, R.E.A., Premachandra, G.S. & Fujita, K. (2004). Nitrogen nutrition and water stress effects on cell membrane stability and leaf water relations in Agrostis palustris Huds. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 52: 131–138. Senobar, A., Tabatabayi, S.A. & Dehghani, F. (2011). Effect of irrigation intervals on grain yield, yield components and harvest index of bread wheat cultivars in Yazd region. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 3(2): 95-104. (in Persian) Shahbaz Panahi, B., Paknejad, F., Habibi, D., Sadegh Shoae, Nasri, M & Pazoki, A. (2012). Evaluation of irrigation regimes on yield and yield components in different cultivars of wheat. Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. 8(2): 185-197. (in Persian) Thompson, J.A. & Chase, D.L. (1992). Effect of limited irrigation on growth and yield of semi dwarf wheat in Southern New South Wales. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 32, 725-730 (Field Crop Absracts. 4721; 1994). Zarei, G., Salemi, H.R. & Sharifi, H.R. (2018). Optimal nitrogen fertilizer consumption under sprinkler irrigation system in different seeding density and wheat cultivars in Karaj. Journal of water and soil resources conservation. 8(1): 89-103. (in Persian) | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 3 |
||