| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,272 |
| تعداد مقالات | 36,132 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 55,702,352 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 94,486,099 |
ارزیابی فعالیت ضدقارچی عصاره‌های برخی از گیاهان دارویی استان ایلام علیه عامل بیماری پاخوره گندم و شناسایی ترکیبات مؤثره آن‌ها با استفاده از GC-MS | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| دوره 12، شماره 2، اسفند 1403، صفحه 115-132 اصل مقاله (926.16 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2026.371994.410 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حانیه زینی وند1؛ زینب بهمنی* 2؛ زهرا میرسلیمانی3؛ سمیرا قاسمی4؛ سیامک بیگی5 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام ، ایلام، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشگده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران. | ||
| 3استادیار، بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران. | ||
| 4دانشجوی پسادکتری،گروه گیاه‌پزشکی،دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران. | ||
| 5سازمان جهاد کشاورزی، حفظ نباتات، ایلام، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بیماری پاخوره گندم که توسط قارچ Gaeumannomyces tritici var tritici ایجاد می‌شود، یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل محدودکننده تولید گندم در بسیاری از مناطق جهان به شمار می‌رود. با توجه به پیامدهای زیست‌محیطی مصرف گسترده سموم شیمیایی، شناسایی ترکیبات طبیعی و ایمن برای کنترل این بیماری از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی اثر ضدقارچی عصاره‌های اتانولی گیاهان اکالیپتوس، آویشن، مریم‌گلی کبیر، فراسیون و تشنداری بر رشد G. tritici var tritici در شرایط آزمایشگاهی است. عصاره‌های گیاهی در غلظت‌های 250، 500، 1000 و 2000 پیپیام با روش اختلاط با محیط کشت PDA مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. آزمایش‌ها در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد و درصد بازدارندگی رشد قارچ پس از هفت روز اندازه‌گیری گردید. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش غلظت عصاره‌ها به‌طور معنی‌داری موجب افزایش بازدارندگی رشد قارچ شد. بیشترین میزان بازدارندگی در غلظت 2000 پیپیام مربوط به عصاره اکالیپتوس بود، به‌طوری‌که این عصاره بیش از 90 درصد رشد قارچ را مهار کرد. عصاره‌های آویشن و تشنداری نیز اثر ضدقارچی قابل توجهی نشان دادند، در حالی که عصاره فراسیون در تمامی غلظت‌ها کمترین اثر مهارکنندگی را داشت. در ادامه، ترکیبات شیمیایی عصاره‌های مؤثر با استفاده از دستگاه GC–MS شناسایی شدند. نتایج آنالیز شیمیایی نشان داد که حضور ترکیباتی نظیر اسپاتولنول، تیمول، کارواکرول و دی‌هیدروبنزوفوران می‌تواند در خاصیت ضدقارچی عصاره‌ها نقش مؤثری داشته باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اثر بازدارندگی؛ پاخوره گندم؛ شناسایی؛ متابولیت‌های ثانویه؛ مهارکنندگی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Some Medicinal Plants from Ilam Province Against the Wheat Take All Pathogen and Identification of Bioactive Compounds by GC–MS | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hanieh Zeynivand1؛ Zeinab Bahmani2؛ Zahra Mirsoleymani3؛ Samira Ghasemi4؛ Siamak Beigi5 | ||
| 1M.Sc. Student, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Plant Protection Research Department Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. AREEO, Shiraz, Iran. | ||
| 4Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran. | ||
| 5Plant Protection Organization, Ilam Agricultural Jihad Organization, Ilam, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Take‑all disease of wheat, caused by the soil‑borne fungus Gaeumannomyces tritici var. tritici, is considered one of the most important constraints on wheat production in many regions of the world. Given the environmental concerns associated with the extensive use of chemical fungicides, the identification of safe and natural alternatives for disease control has attracted increasing attention. The present study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of ethanolic extracts of Eucalyptus sp., Thymus vulgaris., Salvia officinalis, Marrubium vulgare, and Scrophularia striata against G. tritici var. tritici under in vitro conditions. Plant extracts were assessed at concentrations of 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm using the poisoned food technique on potato dextrose agar (PDA). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replicates, and the percentage of mycelial growth inhibition was recorded seven days after incubation. The results demonstrated that increasing extract concentrations significantly enhanced fungal growth inhibition. The highest inhibitory effect was observed with eucalyptus extract at 2000 ppm, which suppressed more than 90% of fungal growth. Thymus vulgaris and Scrophularia striata extracts also exhibited considerable antifungal activity, whereas Marrubium vulgare extract showed the lowest inhibitory effect at all tested concentrations. Subsequently, the chemical constituents of the most effective extracts were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Chemical analysis revealed that compounds such as spathulenol, thymol, carvacrol, and dihydrobenzofuran may play a key role in the antifungal activity of these plant extracts. . | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Inhibitory effect, wheat take all disease, identification, secondary metabolites, antifungal activity | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Aćimović, M., Jeremić, K., Salaj, N., Gavarić, N., Kiprovski, B., Sikora, V. & Zeremski, T. 2020. Marrubium vulgare L.: A phytochemical and pharmacological overview. Molecules, 25(12): 2898. Ait Benlabchir, A., Fikri‑Benbrahim, K., Moutawalli, A., Alanazi, M.M., Halmoune, A., Benkhouili, F. Z., Oubihi, A., Kabra, A., Hanoune, E., Assila, H. & Ouaritini, Z.B. 2024. GC–MS characterization and bioactivity study of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (Myrtaceae) essential oils and their fractions: Antibacterial and antioxidant properties and molecular docking modeling. Pharmaceuticals, 17(11): 1552. Ait‑Ouazzou, A., Lorán, S., Bakkali, M., Laglaoui, A., Rota, C., Herrera, A., Pagán, R. & Conchello, P. 2011. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Thymus algeriensis, Eucalyptus globulus and Rosmarinus officinalis from Morocco. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 91: 2643–2651. Akbar, R., Sun, J., Bo, Y., Khattak, W.A., Khan, A.A., Jin, C., Zeb, U., Ullah, N., Abbas, A., Liu, W., Wang, X., Khan, S.M. & Du, D. 2024. Understanding the influence of secondary metabolites in plant invasion strategies: A comprehensive review. Plants, 13(22): 316. Al Rahmah, A.N., Mostafa, A.A., Abdel Megeed, A., Yakout, S.M. & Hussein, S.A. 2013. Fungicidal activities of certain methanolic plant extracts against tomato phytopathogenic fungi. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7(6): 517–524. Anjali, A., Garg, D., Pragi, P., Kumar, V. & Dimple, M. 2024. A review of therapeutic properties and uses of Salvia officinalis. Journal of Pharma Insights and Research, 2(3): 146–154. Aoudou, Y., Léopold, T.N., Michel, J.D.P., Xavier, E.F. & Moses, M.C. 2010. Antifungal properties of essential oils and some constituents to reduce foodborne pathogen. Journal of Yeast and Fungal Research, 1(1): 1–8. Aremu, A.O., Omogbene, T.O., Fadiji, T., Lawal, I.O., Opara, U.L. & Fa, O.A. 2024. Plants as an alternative to the use of chemicals for crop protection against biotic threats: Trends and future perspectives. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 170: 711–766. Bahrami, A.M. & Valadi, A. 2010. Effect of Scrophularia striata ethanolic leaves extracts on Staphylococcus aureus. International Journal of Pharmacology, 6: 431–434. Barboucha, G., Rahim, N., Boulebd, H., Bramki, A., Andolfi, A., Salvatore, M.M. & Masi, M. 2024. Chemical composition, in silico investigations and evaluation of antifungal, antibacterial, insecticidal and repellent activities of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. leaf essential oil from Algeria. Plants, 13(22): 3229. Bimakr, M., Rahman, R.A., Taip, F.S., Ganjloo, A., Salleh, L.M., Selamat, J., Hamid, A. & Zaidul, I.S.M. 2011. Comparison of different extraction methods for the extraction of major bioactive flavonoid compounds from spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) leaves. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 89(1): 67–72. Bouderbane, N.N., Khalid, K.M. & Kadri, H. 2022. In vitro inhibitory effect of some secondary metabolites extract from Ocimum basilicum and Salvia officinalis against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis of Phoenix dactylifera L. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 195(1): 364–374. Chatepa, L.E.C., Mwamatope, B., Chikowe, I. & Masamba, K.G. 2024. Effects of solvent extraction on the phytoconstituents and in vitro antioxidant activity properties of leaf extracts of two selected medicinal plants from Malawi. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 24: 317. Chibuye, B., Singh, I.S., Luke, C. & Kakoma, M.K. 2023. A review of modern and conventional extraction techniques and their applications for extracting phytochemicals from plants. Scientific African, 19: e01585. Dadelahi, S., Yousefi, F., Emami Golmarz, P. & Taheri, E. 2020. Evaluation of chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of Scrophularia striata essential oil on dental caries pathogens. Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences, 7(4): 36–42. Ehterami, S., Nemattollahi, S. & Pozeshi, B. 2019. Application of methanolic extracts of Thymus vulgaris, Peganum harmala, Cuminum cyminum and Stachys lavandulifolia in control of Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection, 8(1): 97–115. Fayez, S., Gamal El‑Din, M. I., Moghannem, S.A., Azam, F., El‑Shazly, M., Korinek, M., Chen, Y.‑L., Hwang, T.‑L. & Fahmy, N.M. 2023. Eucalyptus‑derived essential oils alleviate microbes and modulate inflammation by suppressing superoxide and elastase release. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 14: 1218315. Fenta, L. & Mekonnen, H. 2024. Microbial biofungicides as a substitute for chemical fungicides in the control of phytopathogens: Current perspectives and research directions. Scientifica (Cairo), 2024: 5322696. Gaber, M.A., El Messeiry, S., El Tanbouly, R. & Aamer, H.A. 2025. Eco‑friendly management of Fusarium wilt in tomato using Salvia officinalis methanolic extract in vitro, in vivo, and molecular docking approaches. Journal of Plant Pathology . Gai, Y. & Wang, H. 2024. Plant disease: A growing threat to global food security. Agronomy, 14: 1615. Ghorbani, A. & Esmaeilizadeh, M. 2017. Pharmacological properties of Salvia officinalis and its components. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 7(4): 433–440. Hari, A., Echchgadda, G., Darkaoui, F.-A., Taarji, N., Sahri, N., Sobeh, M., Ezrari, S., Laasli, S.-E., Benjelloun, M. & Lahlali, R. 2024. Chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and antifungal activity of wild Origanum elongatum extracts against Phytophthora infestans. Frontiers in Plant Science, 15: 1278538. Hou, A.J., Liu, Y.Z., Yang, H., Lin, Z.W. & Sun, H.D. 2000. Hydrolysable tannins and related polyphenols from Eucalyptus globulus. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, 2: 205–212. Javed, S., Shoaib, A., Mahmood, Z., Mushtaq, S. & Iftikhar, S. 2012. Analysis of phytochemical constituents of Eucalyptus citriodora L. responsible for antifungal activity against post-harvest fungi. Natural Product Research, 26(18): 1732–1736. Jung, K.‑W., Chung, M.‑S., Bai, H.‑W., Chung, B.‑Y. & Lee, S. 2021. Investigation of antifungal mechanisms of thymol in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Molecules, 26(11): 3476. Kazemi, H., Azadbakht, N., & Mobaraki, D. (2008). Occurrence of Take-all disease in wheat fields of Lorestan Province. Abstracts of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Hamedan, Iran. (in Persian). Kursa, W., Jamiołkowska, A., Wyrostek, J. & Kowalski, R. 2022. Antifungal effect of plant extracts on the growth of the cereal pathogen Fusarium spp.—An in vitro study. Agronomy, 12(12): 3204. Lara, L.J. & Rostagno, M.H. 2013. Impact of heat stress on poultry production. Animals, 3: 356–369. Liu, Z., Wang, J., Yin, M., Liu, M. & Gao, W. 2023. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of variations in the essential leaf oil of six Eucalyptus species and allelopathy of mechanisms of 1,8‑cineole. Ciência Rural, 53(3). Marchese, A., Arciola, C.R., Barbieri, R., Silva, A.S., Nabavi, S. F., Sokeng, A.J.T., Izadi, M., Jonaidi Jafari, N., Suntar, I., Daglia, M. & Nabavi, S.M. 2017. Update on monoterpenes as antimicrobial agents: A particular focus on p-cymene. Materials, 10(8): 947. Mokhtari, R., Kazemi Fard, M., Rezaei, M., Moftakharzadeh, S.A. & Mohseni, A. 2023. Antioxidant, antimicrobial activities, and characterization of phenolic compounds of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), and thyme–sage mixture extracts. Journal of Food Quality, 2023: 1–9. Mozaffarian, V. 2008. Flora of Ilam province. 1st ed. Farhang‑e Mo’aser Publishing House, Tehran (In Persian). Nurzyńska‑Wierdak, R. & Walasek‑Janusz, M. 2025. Chemical composition, biological activity, and potential uses of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and oregano essential oil. Pharmaceuticals, 18(2): 267. Omidbeigi, R. (2014). Production and processing of medicinal plants. Vol. 1, 8th edition, Behnashr Publishing (Astan Quds Razavi Publications), 348 pages. (in Persian). Pukalskas, A., Venskutonis, P. R., Salido, S., de Waard, P. & van Beek, T. A. 2012. Isolation, identification and activity of natural antioxidants from horehound (Marrubium vulgare L.) cultivated in Lithuania. Food Chemistry, 130: 695–701. Sadeghi, L., Alizadeh, A., Safaie, N. & Ghalandar, M. 2009. Identification of Iranian populations of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici using morphological, molecular, and pathogenicity studies. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 110–125. (in Persian). Saleem, A., Afzal, M., Naveed, M., Makhdoom, S.I., Mazhar, M., Aziz, T., Khan, A.A., Kamal, Z., Shahzad, M., Alharbi, M. & Alshammari, A. 2022. HPLC, FTIR and GC–MS analyses of Thymus vulgaris phytochemicals executing in vitro and in vivo biological activities and effects on COX‑1, COX‑2 and gastric cancer genes computationally. Molecules, 27(23): 8512. Savary, S., Willocquet, L., Pethybridge, S.J., Esker, P., McRoberts, N. & Nelson, A. 2019. The global burden of pathogens and pests on major food crops. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 3: 430–439. Shohrati, M., Mahmoudi, R., Nosratpour, S. & Pajohi‑Alamoti, M. 2014. Chemical composition and biological activities of Scrophularia striata extracts. Minerva Biotecnologica, 26(3): 187–193. Taha, A.S., Ibrahim, I.H.M. & Abo‑Elgat, W. A.A. 2023. GC–MS, quantum mechanics calculation and the antifungal activity of river red gum essential oil when applied to four natural textiles. Scientific Reports, 13: 18214. Takasaki, M., Konoshina, T., Fujitani, K., Yoshida, S., Nishimura, H. & Tokuda, H. 1990. Inhibitors of skin‑tumor promotion. VIII. Inhibitory effects of euglobals and their related compounds on Epstein–Barr virus activation. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 38: 2723–2739. Tian, J., Ban, X., Zeng, H., He, J., Chen, Y. & Wang, Y. 2012. The mechanism of antifungal action of essential oil from dill (Anethum graveolens L.) on Aspergillus flavus. PLoS ONE, 7(1): e30147. Tripathi, D. & Attri, D.C. 2023. Bioactive compounds and pharmacological efficacy of Thymus vulgaris L.: A traditional folk medicinal plant. In: Bioactives and Pharmacology of Lamiaceae (pp. 297–308). Apple Academic Press. Wan, N.‑F., Fu, L., Dainese, M., Kiær, L.P., Hu, Y.‑Q., Xin, F., Goulson, D., Woodcock, B. A., Vanbergen, A. J., Spurgeon, D. J., Shen, S. & Scherber, C. 2025. Pesticides have negative effects on non‑target organisms. Nature Communications, 16: 1360. Wirtu, S.F., Ramaswamy, K. & Jule, L.T. 2024. Isolation, characterization and antimicrobial activity study of Thymus vulgaris. Scientific Reports, 14: 21573. Yousefi, K., Fathiazad, F., Soraya, H., Raameshrad, M., Maleki‑Dizaji, N. & Garjani, A. 2014. Marrubium vulgare L. methanolic extract inhibits inflammatory response and prevents cardiomyocyte fibrosis in isoproterenol‑induced acute myocardial infarction in rats. BioImpacts, 4: 21–27. Zaher, H., Quílez del Moral, J.F., Lemrabet, S., González‑Coloma, A. & Bencharki, B. 2025. GC–MS analysis, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial properties of six Moroccan essential oils traditionally used for COVID‑19 prevention. Molecules, 30: 4179. Zargari, A. 1990. Treatment with plants. Pharmacogenosis, Tehran University Press, Tehran, 2: 7–67. (In Persian). | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 251 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 166 |
||