| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,188 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,336 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 51,458,203 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 91,331,906 |
اثر روشهای پیوند سرشاخهکاری اسکنه خشبی و سبز بر برخی از خصوصیات رشدی و کیفیت میوه ارقام مختلف انگور در ملایر در استان همدان | ||
| نهال و بذر | ||
| دوره 41، شماره 1، فروردین 1404، صفحه 94-71 اصل مقاله (744.65 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/spj.2026.372136.1466 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| بهروز مرادی عاشور* 1؛ نادر ادمی پور2؛ علیرضا براتی جورابی3 | ||
| 1استادیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، همدان، ایران. | ||
| 2پژوهشگر، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، همدان، ایران. | ||
| 3کارشناس ارشد، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، همدان، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| یکی از چالشهای اصلی تاکداران کاهش درآمد ناشی از کشت ارقام قدیمی و کمبازده انگور است که گاهی هزینههای برداشت را نیز تأمین نمیکند. بهمنظور رفع این مشکل، تغییر ارقام از طریق سرشاخهکاری، بهعنوان راهکاری مؤثر پیشنهاد شده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر روشهای مختلف پیوند و مقایسه هفت رقم تجاری انگور پیوندی بر پایه انگور سفید بیدانه به مدت سه سال (1401 تا 1403) در روستای گوراب واقع در شهرستان ملایر، استان همدان، انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت کرتهای خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. دو روش پیوند اسکنه خشبی و اسکنه سبز در کرتهای اصلی، و هفت رقم تجاری انگور شامل: ترکمن ۴، فلیم سیدلس، روبی سیدلس، پرلت، رشه، آتوم رویال و کندری در کرتهای فرعی ارزیابی و مقایسه شدند. استفاده از پیوند اسکنه خشبی، بهطور معنیداری عملکرد میوه، طول، عرض و وزن خوشه، وزن و طول حبه و میزان TA میوه را نسبت به پیوند اسکنه سبز بهبود داد. درصد گیرایی پیوند در روش اسکنه سبز نسبت به اسکنه خشبی موفقیت آمیزتر بود. بیشترین طول رشد پیوندک یکساله (173/83سانتیمتر) در سال اول در رقم ترکمن 4 و کمترین طول رشد پیوندک (120 سانتیمتر) در رقم روبی سیدلس مشاهده شد. همچنین طول رشد پیوندک در پیوند اسکنه خشبی نسبت به اسکنه سبز بیشتر بود. رقم آتوم رویال بیشترین شاخصهای کمی را برای عملکرد میوه، طول، عرض و وزن خوشه، طول، قطر و وزن حبه و شاخص رسیدگی نشان داد. همچنین، بیشترین میزان ویژگیهای کیفیت میوه، TA و TSS در رقم ترکمن 4 مشاهده شد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| انگور؛ تاکستان؛ پایه؛ پیوندک؛ میزان گیرایی پیوند؛ شاخص رسیدگی میوه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of Woody and Green Cleft Top-Working Methods on Some Growth and Fruit Quality Characteristics of Different Grape Cultivars in Malayer in Hamedan Province in Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| B. Moradiashour1؛ N. Adamipour2؛ A.R. Barati Jourabi3 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Field and Horticulture Crops Research Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Hamedan, Iran. | ||
| 2Researcher, Field and Horticulture Crops Research Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Hamedan, Iran. | ||
| 3Expert, Field and Horticulture Crops Research Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Hamedan, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| One of the main challenges of grape growers is the declining profitability of cultivating traditional, low-yield old varieties, which sometimes fail to even cover harvesting costs. To address this issue, replacing old varieties through top-working has been proposed as an effective approach. The present study was conducted over three years (2022-2024) in Gourab, Malayer in Hamadan Province, aiming to investigate the effect of different grafting methods and compare seven commercial grape cultivars grafted on the ‘White Seedless’ rootstock. The experiment was split-plot arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications. Grafting methods, woody cleft grafting and green cleft grafting were assigned to main-plots, and the seven commercial grape cultivars, Turkmen 4, Flame Seedless, Ruby Seedless, Perlette, Rasheh, Autumn Royal, and Kondori were randomized in sub-plots. Results showed that woody cleft grafting method significantly increased fruit yield, cluster length, width and weight, as well as berry weight and length, and TA. However, grafting success was higher with the green cleft method. In the first year, the cv. Turkmen 4 showed the greatest scion growth (173.83 cm), while cv. Ruby Seedless had the least (109 cm). Scion growth was generally higher with woody cleft grafting than with green cleft grafting method. Among the grafted grape cultivars, cv. Autumn Royal exhibited the highest values for quantitative traits such as fruit yield, cluster length, width and weight, berry length, diameter and weight and ripening index. Meanwhile, cv. Turkmen 4 showed the highest levels of quality related traits including TA and TSS. Keywords: Grape, rootstock, scion, graft success rate, fruit ripening index. Introduction Grapes are one of the oldest cultivated and most economical fruits in the world. Approximately 774.5 million tons of grapes are produced globally each year, most of which are consumed as fresh fruit and processed products. Iran, with an annual grape fruit production of over 3.6 million tons, is recognized as the 8th-largest producer of grape worldwide. Additionally, Hamadan province is one of the major grape-producing regions in Iran, ranking fourth for cultivated area and second in production (Anonymous, 2025). However, the diversity of grape varieties in this province is limited, and the White Seedless variety is grown as major grape cultivar. This genetic uniformity and limited varietal diversity have weakened the grape products export position of the Malayer in Hamedan province, despite its high production capacity. To improve the productivity of grape production in this region, the use of various methods such as top-working for change of existing varieties, is considered a key strategy. Various studies have shown that selecting suitable grafting combinations can significantly enhance both the quantitative and fruit quality related traits of the crop (Sabir, 2013). Therefore, top-working approach for replacing traditional varieties with more economically viable ones and improve the livelihoods of grape growers in the region is essential. The present study aimed to study the effect of grafting methods and grafting combinations of seven commercial grape cultivars on White Seedless rootstock on quantitative and fruit quality traits of grafted cultivars. Materials and Methods To evaluate the effect of grafting methods and grafting combinations of seven commercial grape cultivars on White Seedless rootstock on quantitative and fruit quality traits of grafted cultivars, a field experiment was carried-out in Gourab, Malayer in Hamadan Province in Iran. The experiment was split-plot arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications in three years (2022-24). Grafting methods consisted of two levels: woody cleft grafting and green cleft grafting were assigned to main-plots, and Seven commercial grape cultivars, Turkmen 4, Flame Seedless, Ruby Seedless, Perlette, Rasheh, Autumn Royal and Kondori were randomized in sub-plots. Scions were prepared in March, and woody cleft grafting was performed on White Seedless rootstock on April 15, 2022. Green cleft grafting was carried out on June 10, 2022, using scions collected from current-year shoots. After grafting, the graft success rate, scion growth rate, and quantitative and quality related characteristics of grape clusters were measured and evaluated at the end of the three-year period. The collected data were analyzed using SAS software version 9.4, and mean comparisons were performed using Duncan’s multiple range test at the 5% significance level. Results and Discussion The results showed that grafted grape cultivars differed significantly for quantitative traits such as fruit yield, cluster length, width, and weight, berry length, diameter, and weight, berries number cluster-1 as well as fruit quality traits including TSS, TA, and ripening index. These variations in quantitative and fruit quality traits can be attributed to the influence of the rootstock, the scion genotype, and their interactions. Several studies have demonstrated that differences in rootstock vigor, particularly in water and nutrient uptake and hormone supply to the scion, can significantly affect both quantitative and fruit quality related traits (da Silva et al., 2018). For instance, Migicovsky et al. (2021) reported that grafting cv. Chardonnay and cv. Cabernet Sauvignon on 15 different grape rootstocks significantly increased fruit yield and berry weight. The findings of the present study indicated that the grafting methods also had significant effect on the quantitative and fruit quality related traits of grafted grape cultivars. The woody cleft grafting method improved fruit yield and quality compared with green cleft grafting. This superiority can be attributed to the use of mature, lignified tissues in woody cleft grafting method, which promoted faster graft union formation and enhances water and nutrient translocation to the scion, and ultimately improved vine growth and fruit development (Poku et al., 2024). Overall, among the evaluated grape cultivars, cv. Autumn Royal exhibited the best quantitative performance, including higher fruit yield and cluster characteristics, while Turkmen 4 was superior in fruit quality related traits such as TSS and TA. References Anonymous. 2025. Statistical yearbook of agricultural products. Volume III: Horticultural Products. Deputy of Economic Planning, Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture. Tehran, Iran. 359 pp. (in Persian). da Silva, M.J.R., Paiva, A.P.M., Junior, A.P., Sánchez, C.A.P.C., Callili, D., Moura, M.F., Leonel, S. and Tecchio, M.A. 2018. Yield performance of new juice grape varieties grafted onto different rootstocks under tropical conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 241, pp.194-200. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2018.06.085 Migicovsky, Z., Cousins, P., Jordan, L.M., Myles, S., Striegler, R.K., Verdegaal, P. and Chitwood, D.H. 2021. Grapevine rootstocks affect growth‐related scion phenotypes. Plant Direct, 5(5), pp.1-11. DOI: 10.1002/pld3.324 Sabir, A. 2013. Improvement of grafting efficiency in hard grafting grape Berlandieri hybrid rootstocks by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Scientia Horticulturae, 164, pp.24-29. DOI: 10.1039/C2NP20049J | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Grape, rootstock, scion, graft success rate, fruit ripening index | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Akdemir, U. and Candar, S. 2022. Regional economics of viticulture in Turkey in the period 1970. Research-Review, 2(2), pp.55-71. DOI: 10.52001/vis.2022.11.55.71
Alston, J.M. and Sambucci, O. 2019. Grapes in the world economy. Pp. 1-24. In: Cantu, D. and Walker, M. (eds.) The Grape Genome. Springer, Cham. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18601-2_1
Balanian, H., Fattahi Moghadam, M.R., Ebadi, A. and Hasani, D. 2013. Effect of rootstock growth characteristics on Persian walnut minigrafting. Journal of Iranian Horticultural Sciences, 44, pp.21-30 (in Persian). DOI: 10.22059/ijhs.2013.30402
Baltazar, M., Castro, I. and Gonçalves, B. 2025. Adaptation to climate change in viticulture: the role of varietal selection—a review. Plants, 14(1), pp.104. DOI: 10.3390/plants14010104
Battiston, E., Falsini, S., Giovannelli, A., Schiff, S., Tani, C., Panaiia, R., Papini, A., Di Marco, S. and Mugnai, L. 2022. Xylem anatomy and hydraulic traits in Vitis grafted cuttings in view of their impact on the young grapevine decline. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, e1006835. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1006835
Borges, R.D., Roberto, S.R., Yamashita, F., Deassis, A.M. and Yamamotoi, L.Y. 2014. Production and quality of Concord' clones of grapevine fruits on different rootstocks. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, 44, pp.198-204. DOI: 10.1590/S1983-40632014000200012
Çelik, H. 2000. The effects of different grafting methods applied by manual grafting units on grafting success in grapevines. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 24(4), pp.499-504.
Clingeleffer, P., Morales, N., Davis, H. and Smith, H. 2019. The significance of scion × rootstock interactions. Oeno One, 53(2), pp.335-346. DOI: 10.20870/oeno-one.2019.53.2.2438
Cochetel, N., Météier, E., Merlin, I., Hévin, C., Pouvreau, J.B., Coutos-Thévenot, P., Hernould, M., Vivin, P., Cookson, S.J., Ollat, N. and Lauvergeat, V. 2018. Potential contribution of strigolactones in regulating scion growth and branching in grafted grapevine in response to nitrogen availability. Journal of Experimental Botany, 69(16), pp.4099-4112. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery206
Cookson, S.J., Hevin, C., Donnart, M. and Ollat, N. 2012. Grapevine rootstock effects on scion biomass are not associated with large modifications of primary shoot growth under nonlimiting conditions in the first year of growth. Functional Plant Biology, 39(8), pp.650-660. DOI: 10.1071/FP12071
Cookson, S.J., Clemente Moreno, M.J., Hevin, C., Nyamba Mendome, L. Z., Delrot, S., Trossat-Magnin, C. and Ollat, N. 2013. Graft union formation in grapevine induces transcriptional changes related to cell wall modification, wounding, hormone signaling, and secondary metabolism. Journal of Experimental Botany, 64(10), pp.2997-3008. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert144
da Silva, M.J.R., Paiva, A.P.M., Junior, A.P., Sánchez, C.A.P.C., Callili, D., Moura, M.F., Leonel, S. and Tecchio, M.A. 2018. Yield performance of new juice grape varieties grafted onto different rootstocks under tropical conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 241, pp.194-200. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2018.06.085
Daouda, K.K., Jane, K., Lucien, D., Jean-Luc, K. and Kouadio, B. 2018. Comparison of grafting techniques and their effects on some growth parameters of ten elite cocoa clones (Theobroma cacao L.). African Journal of Agricultural Research, 13(41), pp.2249-2255. DOI: 10.5897/AJAR2015.9847
Dattola, A., Vonella, V., Olivadese, T., Pullia, F.M., Zappia, R. and Gullo, G. 2023. The evaluation of the water consumption and the productive parameters of a table grapevine, cardinal cultivar, grafted onto two rootstocks. Agriculture, 13(11), pp.1-19. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13112101
Davis, A.R., Perkins-Veazie, P., Hassell, R., Levi, A., King, S.R. and Zhang, X. 2008. Grafting effects on vegetable quality. HortScience, 43(6), pp.1670-1672. DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.43.6.1670
Doncieux, A., Demongeot, M., MacDonald, K.I., Renard, D. and Caillon, S. 2025. Unpacking farmers’ multiple values in grapevine variety choice. Agriculture and Human Values, 42, pp.1225-1245. DOI: 10.1007/s10460-025-10718-z
Doulati-Baneh, H., Mohammadi, S.A. and Labra, M. 2013. Genetic structure and diversity analysis in Vitis vinifera L. cultivars from Iran using SSR markers. Scientia Horticulturae, 160, pp.29-36. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2013.05.029
Egorov, E.A. 2021. Grape breeding is a key link in the development of the grapes and wine-making industry. Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding, 25(4), pp.408-413. DOI: 10.18699/VJ21.045
Gautier, A.T., Chambaud, C., Brocard, L., Ollat, N., Gambetta, G.A., Delrot, S. and Cookson, S.J. 2019. Merging genotypes: graft union formation and scion–rootstock interactions. Journal of Experimental Botany, 70(3), pp.747-755. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery422
Habibi, F., Liu, T., Folta, K. and Sarkhosh, A. 2022. Physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of grafting in fruit trees. Horticulture Research, 9, pp.1-18. DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac032
Harris, Z.N., Pratt, J.E., Kovacs, L.G., Klein, L.L., Kwasniewski, M.T., Londo, J.P., Wu, A.S. and Miller, A.J. 2023. Grapevine scion gene expression is driven by rootstock and environment interaction. BMC Plant Biology, 23, pp.1-15. DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04223-w
Hasanabadi, M., Azizi, M., Davarinejad, G., Bodaghi, H., and Hokmabadi, H. 2023. Effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid on some physicochemical properties of grape cv. Shahroodi. Journal of Horticultural Science, 37(1), pp.1-12 (in Persian). DOI: 10.22067/jhs.2021.59037.0
Hejabi, S., Abasalinezhad Sheramin, H. and Doulati Baneh, H. 2019. Effect of climate change on the phenology of "Bidaneh Sefid" table grape variety in West Azerbaijan province. Pomology Research Scientific Journal, 4(2), pp.43-52 (in Persian).
Hifny, H.A., Baghdady, G.A., Abdrabboh, G.A., Sultan, M.Z. and Shahda, M.A. 2016. Effect of rootstocks on growth, yield and fruit quality of red globe grape. Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor, 54(2), pp.339-344. DOI: 10.21608/assjm.2016.104098
Hitham, M.A.H. and Abdelgawad, A.S.A. 2025. The evaluation of grafting with some different rootstocks on the yield, berry characteristics and bioactive compounds in “Starlight” grape. Horticulture Research Journal, 3(6), pp.17-30. DOI: 10.21608/hrj.2025.450726
Ibacache, A., Albornoz, F. and Zurita-Silva, A. 2016. Yield responses in Flame Seedless, Thompson Seedless and Red Globe table grape cultivars are differentially modified by rootstocks under semi-arid conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 204, pp.25-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2016.03.040
Jiao, S., Zeng, F., Huang, Y., Zhang, L., Mao, J. and Chen, B. 2023. Physiological, biochemical and molecular responses associated with drought tolerance in grafted grapevine. BMC Plant Biology, 23(110), pp.1-18. DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04109-x
Kapłan, M., Klimek, K., Borowy, A. and Najda, A. 2018. Effect of rootstock on yield quantity and quality of grapevine ‘Regent’ in south-eastern Poland. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 17(4), pp.117-127. DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2018.4.11
Kavousi, B., Parsaei, S. and Jafari, L. 2025. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of various grape cultivars through scion grafting based on the Shirazi cultivar under rainfed conditions. Extension Grape Magazine, 6(2): pp.33-41.
Li, M., Guo, Z., Jia, N., Yuan, J., Han, B., Yin, Y., Sun, Y., Liu, C. and Zhao, S. 2019. Evaluation of eight rootstocks on the growth and berry quality of ‘Marselan’ grapevines. Scientia Horticulturae, 248, pp.58-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2018.12.050
Migicovsky, Z., Cousins, P., Jordan, L.M., Myles, S., Striegler, R.K., Verdegaal, P. and Chitwood, D.H. 2021. Grapevine rootstocks affect growth‐related scion phenotypes. Plant Direct, 5(5), pp.1-11. DOI: 10.1002/pld3.324
Naulleau, A., Gary, C., Prévot, L. and Hossard, L. 2021. Evaluating strategies for adaptation to climate change in grapevine production–a systematic review. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, pp.1-11. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.607859
Poku, B.O., Banful, B.K.B., Idun, I.A., Tandoh, P.K. and Osei, M. 2024. Graft success and seedling growth responses of cashew (Anacardium occidentalis) to three concentrations of indole butyric acid (IBA) and scion types. International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology, 14(2), pp.132-145. DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.349427
Rasoli, V. and Doulati Baneh, A.H. 2025. Introduction of a new grape variety "Omid". Extension Grape Magazine, 7(1), pp.21-24 (in Persian).
Sabir, A. 2013. Improvement of grafting efficiency in hard grafting grape Berlandieri hybrid rootstocks by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Scientia Horticulturae, 164, pp.24-29. DOI: 10.1039/C2NP20049J
Safari, M. and Rezaei, M. 2021. Grafting success of Berberis Integerrima cv. Bidaneh on wild type barberries. International Journal of Fruit Science, 21(1), pp.1030-1039. DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2021.1975012
Sampath, P.M., Nagesh, N., Swamy, G.S.K., Nithin Kumar, C.J., Manjunatha Gowda, D.C. and Chongtham, A.D. 2017. Effect of grafting methods on graft success and graft survival of Kari Ishada selections. International Journal Pure and Applied Bioscience, 5(5), pp.944-50. DOI: 10.18782/2320-7051.2696
Sánchez, C.A.P.C., Tecchio, M.A., Callili, D., da Silva, M.J.R., Basílio, L.S.P., Leonel, S., Alonso, J.C. and Lima, G.P.P. 2023. Productivity and physicochemical properties of the BRS Isis grape on various rootstocks under subtropical climatic conditions. Agriculture, 13(11), pp.1-12. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13112113
Somkuwar, R.G., Taware, P.B., Bhange, M.A., Sharma, J. and Khan, I. 2015. Influence of different rootstocks on growth, photosynthesis, biochemical composition, and nutrient contents in ‘Fantasy Seedless’ grapes. International Journal of Fruit Science, 15(3), pp.251-266. DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2015.1031564
Somma, S., Perrone, G. and Logrieco, A.F. 2012. Diversity of black aspergini and mycotoxin risks in grape, wine and dried vine fruits. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 51(1), pp.131-147.
Stino, R.G., Ghoneim, I.E., Marwad, I.A. and Fadl, T.R. 2011. Performance of summer grafted superior Seedless grape grafts on different rootstocks. Journal of Horticultural Science & Ornamental Plants, 3(1), pp.86-90.
Tandonnet, J.P., Cookson, S.J., Vivin, P. and Ollat, N. 2010. Scion genotype controls biomass allocation and root development in grafted grapevine. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 16(2), pp.290-300. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0238.2009.00090.x
Tecchio, M.A., Silva, M.J.R.D., Sanchez, C.A.P.C., Callili, D., Vedoato, B.T.F., Hernandes, J.L. and Moura, M.F. 2022. Yield performance and quality of wine grapes (Vitis vinifera) grafted onto different rootstocks under subtropical conditions. Crop Production and Management, 81, pp.1-10. DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20210214
Tedesco, S., Pina, A., Fevereiro, P. and Kragler, F. 2020. A phenotypic search on graft compatibility in grapevine. Agronomy, 10(5), pp.1-20. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10050706
Zhang, L., Marguerit, E., Rossdeutsch, L., Ollat, N. and Gambetta, G.A. 2016. The influence of grapevine rootstocks on scion growth and drought resistance. Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology, 28(2), pp.143-157. DOI: 10.1007/s40626-016-0070-x | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 453 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 147 |
||