Optimization of the Extraction Process of Bioactive Compounds from Orange Peel Waste Using Subcritical Water | ||
| تحقیقات مهندسی صنایع غذایی | ||
| Article 1, Volume 25, Issue 1 - Serial Number 80, April 2026, Pages 1-20 PDF (1.31 M) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/fooder.2026.368574.1416 | ||
| Authors | ||
| niloofar Ghasempour1; Amir hussein Elhami Rad2; MAJID javanmardi* 3; Elham Azarpazhooh* 4; Mohammad Armin5 | ||
| 1Group of Food Science and Industry, Ehad Sabzvar, University of Azad Islami, Sabzvar, Iran | ||
| 2University of Azad Islami One Green Garden | ||
| 3Director of Food Industry and Processing Department - Iran Research Organization | ||
| 4Associate Professor Department of Agricultural Engineering Institute, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Address: P.O.Box 91735-488, Mashhad-Iran http://kanrrc.areo.ir Tel&Fax(work) | ||
| 5Member of the academic staff of Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar branch | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This study aimed to optimize the extraction of bioactive compounds (antioxidant and antimicrobial) from orange pomace, a byproduct of orange juice production. A Face-Centered CCD design was employed to maximize extraction yield, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity using subcritical water. Extraction temperature (120, 140, and 160°C) and time (20, 30, and 40 minutes) were selected as key variables. The optimal conditions, determined through modeling, were 142.87°C and 39.97 minutes. Under these conditions, the extraction yield reached 13.94%, total phenolic content (TPC) was 454.80 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per 100 g, and free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) was 51.78%. Verification experiments confirmed these results. Additionally, the extracted compounds exhibited strong antimicrobial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 10% and 5% against Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus niger, respectively, compared to 1% for fluconazole. This study highlights the efficiency of subcritical water extraction in recovering bioactive compounds from agricultural byproducts, emphasizing its potential as a sustainable and effective method for producing valuable bioactive materials. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| phenolic compounds; orange peel waste; subcritical water; antimicrobial properties | ||
| References | ||
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