The effect of increasing genetic diversity through the mixture of cultivars on yield and yield components of wheat | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 09 March 2026 | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/aj.2025.362559.1652 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Khairollah Khairkhwah1; Alireza Koocheki* 2; Mehdi Nassiri3; Soroor Khorramdel4; Ramin Nazarian1 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Herat University, Afghanistan | ||
| 2Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad | ||
| 3Professor, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 4Agronomy, Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Introduction One of the ways to improve the quality and sustainability of agricultural products is to increase the genetic diversity in the cultivation systems of these products. This issue is especially true for products that have a favorite variety due to their production history in this region. Dispit this fact, the use of genetic diversity in the framework of mixed systems has been recently noticed and practically related activities are in the form of breeding cultivars with different characteristics such as resistance to pests and diseases or increasing yield. Increasing genetic diversity through mixed cultivation of different cultivars will make different species with different morphological and physiological characteristics able to better use the environment and production resources. Materials and Methods To evaluate the effect of increasing genetic diversity through intercropping of wheat cultivars on yield and its yield components, an experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 15 treatments in two crop years 2018-2019 and 2019-2019 in the field of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Agriculture done. Accomplished the experimental treatments included pure cultivation and double, triple, and quadruple mixtures, four varieties of Heidari, Pishgam, Pishtaz, and Flat wheat. Cultivation was done in the first of November and at the time of physiological maturity (end of May), an area of one square meter of each plot (2 x 0.5 meters) was selected and all its plants were harvested. to determine the performance value and performance components, it was transferred to the laboratory and statistical analyzes were performed with Minitab software ver. 18.0 and the graphs were drawn using Excel software and the least significant difference (LSD) test was used to compare the means. Results and Discussion The results showed that there was a significant difference between the treatments of pure and mixed cultivation of wheat cultivars in terms of the number of seeds per spike, 1000 seed weight, grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index. The interaction effects of treatment and year were also significant regarding the traits of 1000 seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, and harvest index. The highest number of seeds per spike (49.12 seeds), 1000 seed weight (45.70 grams), seed yield (5318.7 kg/ha), and harvest index (41.70%) belong to the mixture of Pishgam with Pishtaz and Flat, while the highest biological yield was related to the quadruple mixture of Heiydari, Pishgam, Pishtaz, and Flat varieties (12591.8 kg/h). As a result of the increase in genetic diversity with mixed cultivation of wheat cultivars, due to the difference in the height of the cultivars in- row cultivation, a wave canopy type was created in Marzea, and this increased the efficiency of light consumption in mixed cultivation. The increase in the efficiency of light consumption was followed by an increase in the amount of photosynthesis, and finally, the amount of yield and yield components increased due to the increase in genetic diversity in double and triple mixtures, which increased the intraspecific competition between different cultivars with the increase in the number of cultivars in the mixture. So that the amount of this competition in the quadruple mixture showed its effects by reducing the amount of yield, yield components, and increasing biological yield. Conclusion In general, with the increase of genetic diversity through double and triple cultivation of cultivars due to having different root systems and canopy structures, the efficiency of light consumption has increased and the use of resources has been done more optimally. Increasing genetic diversity improved grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. In addition, the results showed that the increase in genetic diversity by increasing the number of cultivars in the mixture caused an increase in intraspecific competition between different cultivars, so that the amount of this competition in the quadruple mixture showed its effects by reducing the amount of yield, grain yield components and increasing biological yield. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Genetic diversity of cultivars; grain yield; biological yield; harvest index | ||
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