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اثر افزایش تنوع ژنتیکی ازطریق کشت مخلوط ارقام گندم برعملکرد و اجزای عملکرد | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 37، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 143، دی 1404، صفحه 60-84 اصل مقاله (763.6 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2025.362559.1652 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| خیراله خیرخواه1؛ علیرضا کوچکی* 2؛ مهدی نصیری محلاتی3؛ سرور خرم دل4؛ رامین نظریان1 | ||
| 1دانشیار گروه اگرانومی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه هرات- افغانستان | ||
| 2گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 3دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 4عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه فردوسی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به‌منظور ارزیابی اثر افزایش تنوع ژنتیکی از طریق کشت مخلوط ارقام بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم، پژوهشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با ۳ تکرار و 15 تیمار در دو سال زراعی در شرایط آب و هوایی مشهد اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل کشت خالص و مخلوط‌های دوگانه، سهگانه و چهارگانه، چهار رقم گندم حیدری، پیشگام، پیشتاز و فلات بود. نتایج نشان دادکه بیشترین تعداد دانه در سنبله (12/49 دانه)، وزن هزاردانه (۷۰/۴۵ گرم)، عملکرد دانه (7/5318 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و شاخص برداشت (70/41 درصد) متعلق به مخلوط سهگانه ارقام پیشگام همراه با پیشتاز و فلات بود. نتایج تجزیه کلاستر نشان داد که که علیرغم نوسانات مشاهده شده در میان تیمار های آزمایش از نظر صفات فوق، بطور کلی تیمارها به سه گروه (خوشه ) تقسیم شدند. در گروه اول دو رقم پیشگام و فلات با عملکرد نسبتا پایین در کنار هم قرار گرفتند. گروه دوم یا حد واسط از نظر صفات فوق شامل کشت خالص و مخلوط های دوگانه ارقام حیدری، پیشگام و فلات بود. ولی در گروه سوم ترکیبات مختلف کشت مخلوط دوگانه، سهگانه و چهارگانه رقم پیشتاز مشاهده شد. بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیک در مخلوط چهارگانه ارقام حیدری، پیشگام، پیشتاز و فلات (81/12591 کیلوگرم درهکتار) مشاهده شد. بطور کلی، افزایش تنوع ژنتیکی وکشت مخلوط ارقام به صورت دوگانه و سهگانه بدلیل داشتن سیستم ریشه ای متفاوت وکاهش رقابت درون گونه ای، دریافت نور بیشتر و استفاده بهینه از منابع نسبت به کشت خالص این ارقام از جنبه های مختلف مناسب‌تر می باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تنوع ژنتیکی ارقام؛ عملکرد دانه؛ عملکرد بیولوژیک؛ شاخص برداشت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The effect of increasing genetic diversity through the mixture of cultivars on yield and yield components of wheat | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Khairollah Khairkhwah1؛ Alireza Koocheki2؛ Mehdi Nassiri3؛ Soroor Khorramdel4؛ Ramin Nazarian1 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Herat University, Afghanistan | ||
| 2Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad | ||
| 3Professor, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 4Agronomy, Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction One of the ways to improve the quality and sustainability of agricultural products is to increase the genetic diversity in the cultivation systems of these products. This issue is especially true for products that have a favorite variety due to their production history in this region. Dispit this fact, the use of genetic diversity in the framework of mixed systems has been recently noticed and practically related activities are in the form of breeding cultivars with different characteristics such as resistance to pests and diseases or increasing yield. Increasing genetic diversity through mixed cultivation of different cultivars will make different species with different morphological and physiological characteristics able to better use the environment and production resources. Materials and Methods To evaluate the effect of increasing genetic diversity through intercropping of wheat cultivars on yield and its yield components, an experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 15 treatments in two crop years 2018-2019 and 2019-2019 in the field of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Agriculture done. Accomplished the experimental treatments included pure cultivation and double, triple, and quadruple mixtures, four varieties of Heidari, Pishgam, Pishtaz, and Flat wheat. Cultivation was done in the first of November and at the time of physiological maturity (end of May), an area of one square meter of each plot (2 x 0.5 meters) was selected and all its plants were harvested. to determine the performance value and performance components, it was transferred to the laboratory and statistical analyzes were performed with Minitab software ver. 18.0 and the graphs were drawn using Excel software and the least significant difference (LSD) test was used to compare the means. Results and Discussion The results showed that there was a significant difference between the treatments of pure and mixed cultivation of wheat cultivars in terms of the number of seeds per spike, 1000 seed weight, grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index. The interaction effects of treatment and year were also significant regarding the traits of 1000 seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, and harvest index. The highest number of seeds per spike (49.12 seeds), 1000 seed weight (45.70 grams), seed yield (5318.7 kg/ha), and harvest index (41.70%) belong to the mixture of Pishgam with Pishtaz and Flat, while the highest biological yield was related to the quadruple mixture of Heiydari, Pishgam, Pishtaz, and Flat varieties (12591.8 kg/h). As a result of the increase in genetic diversity with mixed cultivation of wheat cultivars, due to the difference in the height of the cultivars in- row cultivation, a wave canopy type was created in Marzea, and this increased the efficiency of light consumption in mixed cultivation. The increase in the efficiency of light consumption was followed by an increase in the amount of photosynthesis, and finally, the amount of yield and yield components increased due to the increase in genetic diversity in double and triple mixtures, which increased the intraspecific competition between different cultivars with the increase in the number of cultivars in the mixture. So that the amount of this competition in the quadruple mixture showed its effects by reducing the amount of yield, yield components, and increasing biological yield. Conclusion In general, with the increase of genetic diversity through double and triple cultivation of cultivars due to having different root systems and canopy structures, the efficiency of light consumption has increased and the use of resources has been done more optimally. Increasing genetic diversity improved grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. In addition, the results showed that the increase in genetic diversity by increasing the number of cultivars in the mixture caused an increase in intraspecific competition between different cultivars, so that the amount of this competition in the quadruple mixture showed its effects by reducing the amount of yield, grain yield components and increasing biological yield. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Genetic diversity of cultivars, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 179 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 153 |
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