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اثر زیرکشنده آفت‌کش‌های فلونیکامید و ایمیداکلوپراید روی واکنش تابعی زنبور پارازیتوئید Diaeretiella rapae نسبت به شته مومی کلم، Brevicoryne brassicae | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| دوره 12، شماره 2، اسفند 1403، صفحه 65-79 اصل مقاله (646.66 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2026.372146.414 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مریم فروزان* 1؛ فرناز سیدی صاحباری2؛ حسین لطفعلی زاده3؛ آزاده جراحی4 | ||
| 1استادیار، بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان‌غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار، بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان‌شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران. | ||
| 3استاد، بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان‌شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران. | ||
| 4محقق، بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان‌غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| شته مومی کلم، Brevicoryne brassicae یکی از آفات مهم خانواده چلیپائیان است که کنترل شیمیایی به عنوان یکی از رایج‌ترین روش‌های مدیریت آن به‌شمار می‌رود. با این حال، استفاده از این ترکیبات، به‌دلیل اثرات نامطلوب بر دشمنان طبیعی، نیازمند ارزیابی دقیق در برنامه های مدیریت تلفیقی آفات (IPM) است. زنبور پارازیتوئیدDiaeretiella rapae در بسیاری از مناطق جهان به عنوان عامل مهم در کنترل بیولوژیک شته مومی کلم شناخته می شود. در این تحقیق، به منظور ارزیابی سازگاری آفت کش های مورد استفاده، اثر زیرکشنده آفت‌کش‌های فلونیکامید و ایمیداکلوپراید بر واکنش تابعی زنبور پارازیتوئید D. rapae نسبت به تراکمهای مختلف پوره‌های سن سوم شته مومی کلم بررسی شد. برای تشکیل کلونی زنبور پارازیتوئید، شته های مومیایی شده از مزرعه کلم در شهرستان ارومیه جمع آوری و در اتاق رشد، درون ظرف های کوچک (20 میلی لیتر) دارای تهویه قرار داده شدند. کلیه مراحل پرورش و آزمایش ها در دمای 1±25 درجه سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 5±60 درصد و دوره نوری 16 ساعت روشنایی و 8 ساعت تاریکی انجام شد. غلظت زیرکشنده حشره کش ها با استفاده از روش پاشش مستقیم در مطالعات زیست سنجی تعیین شد (LC25: فلونیکامید= 997/0 پی پی ام و ایمیداکلوپراید= 612/5 پی پی ام). در آزمایش واکنش تابعی، تراکمهای مختلف پوره به مدت 24 ساعت در اختیار یک زنبور ماده (≤ 24 ساعت) قرار گرفت و پوره ها تا زمان مومیایی شدن و تعیین میزان پارازیتیسم نگهداری شدند. نتایج نشان داد واکنش تابعی زنبور D. rapae در شاهد و تیمار فلونیکامید از نوع دوم و در تیمار ایمیداکلوپراید از نوع سوم بود. پراسنجه های قدرت جستجو (a) و زمان دستیابی (Th) تحت تأثیر تیمارهای حشره‌کش قرار گرفتند؛ فلونیکامید تأثیر معنی‌داری بر قدرت جستجوی زنبور پارازیتوئید (0456/0 بر ساعت) نداشت، اما ایمیداکلوپراید قدرت جستجوی زنبور (00375/0 بر ساعت) را به طور قابل توجهی کاهش داد. همچنین، زمان دستیابی در هر دو تیمار به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت. بیشینه نرخ پارازیتیسم نیز برای زنبور D. rapae در تیمارهای فلونیکامید و ایمیداکلوپراید به ترتیب برابر با 16/24 و 9/44 عدد پوره شته بدست آمد. بنابراین فلونیکامید نسبت به ایمیداکلوپراید سازگاری بالاتری با زنبور D. rapae داشته و می‌تواند در برنامه‌های مدیریت تلفیقی شته مومی کلم به‌کار رود. با این حال، نیاز به بررسی اثرات این حشره‌کش‌ها بر پراسنجه‌های جدول زندگی و سایر خصوصیات رفتاری زنبور در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و مزرعه‌ای ضروری است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| شته مومی کلم؛ واکنش تابعی؛ Diaeretiella rapae؛ مدیریت تلفیقی آفات (IPM) | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Sublethal effect of the insecticides Flonicamid and Imidacloprid on the functional response of the parasitoid wasp, Diaeretiella rapae to the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| maryam forouzan1؛ farnaz seyyedi sahebari2؛ lotfalizadeh Lotfalizadeh3؛ Azadeh Jarrahi4 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Plant Protection Research Department, West Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Urmia, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant professor, Plant Protection Research Department, East Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran. | ||
| 3Professor, Plant Protection Research Department, East Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran. | ||
| 4Researcher, Plant Protection Research Department, West Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Urmia, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae, is one of the major pests of the Brassicaceae family for which chemical control is one of the most common management methods. However, the use of these compounds requires careful evaluation within integrated pest management (IPM) programs because of its adverse effects on natural enemies. The parasitoid wasp, Diaeretiella rapae is recognized as an important biological control agent of the cabbage aphid in many regions of the world. In this study, the sublethal effect of the insecticides flonicamid and imidacloprid were evaluated on the functional response of the parasitoid wasp, D. rapae to different densities of third-instar cabbage aphid nymphs to assess pesticide compatibility. A colony of D. rapae was established using mummified aphids collected from cabbage fields in Urmia County and maintained in small ventilated containers (20 mL) under controlled laboratory conditions. All rearing and experiments were conducted at 25 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (L:D). Sublethal concentrations of the insecticides were determined using a direct spray method in bioassays (LC₂₅: flonicamid = 0.997 ppm and imidacloprid = 5.612 ppm). In the functional response experiment, different densities of aphid nymphs were exposed to a single female (≤24 h) wasp for 24 hours, and the nymphs were then maintained until mummification to determine the parasitism rate. The results showed that the functional response of D. rapae was type II in the control and flonicamid treatment, and type III in the imidacloprid treatment. The parameters of searching efficiency (a) and handling time (Th) were affected by insecticide treatments; flonicamid (0.456 h-1) had no significant effect on searching efficiency, whereas imidacloprid (0.00375 h-1) significantly reduced it. In addition, handling time increased significantly in both treatments. The maximum attack rate in the flonicamid and imidacloprid treatments for D. rapae was 16.24 and 9.44 aphid nymphs, respectively. Therefore, flonicamid showed greater compatibility with D. rapae compared with imidacloprid and can be used in integrated management programs for the cabbage aphid. However, further studies are necessary on the effects of these insecticides on life table parameters and other behavioral characteristics of the parasitoid under laboratory and field conditions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Cabbage aphid, Functional response, Diaeretiella rapae, Integrated pest management | ||
| مراجع | ||
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