| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,251 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,917 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 54,567,822 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 93,691,107 |
بررسی تأثیر تاریخ‌های مختلف کاشت و برداشت بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی چغندرقند تحت شرایط کشت نشایی | ||
| چغندرقند | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 41، شماره 2، اسفند 1404، صفحه 249-266 | ||
| نوع مقاله: کامل علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jsb.2026.370386.1393 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حیدر عزیزی1؛ ولی اله یوسف آبادی2؛ الناز فرج زاده معماری تبریزی* 3؛ افسانه یوسف پور دخانیه4؛ سیاوش فرجیان5 | ||
| 1بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشیار پژوهشی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 3گروه زراعت، واحد ملکان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ملکان، ایران | ||
| 4گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران | ||
| 5دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ملکان، ملکان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| با هدف بررسی اثر زمان کاشت و برداشت بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی چغندرقند در کشت نشائی و مستقیم بذری، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی میاندوآب- آذربایجان غربی اجرا شد. سه تاریخ کاشت به‌صورت نشائی در نُه و 29 اسفند و نُه فروردین و کاشت به‌صورت مستقیم بذری در نُه فروردین به کرت‌های اصلی و سه زمان برداشت در زمان‌های 15 تیر، 15 مرداد و 15 مهر به کرت‌های فرعی اختصاص داده شدند. نتایج مقایسه میانگین تیمارها نشان داد اگرچه حداکثر عیار قند (25/16 درصد) عملکرد شکر (50/12 تن در هکتار)، درصد استحصال شکر (63/82 درصد) درصد شکر سفید (43/13 درصد) و عملکرد شکر سفید و حداقل محتوی سدیم ریشه (30/2)، محتوی آلکالیته (69/7 درصد) و درصد قند ملاس (22/2 درصد) برای تیمار کشت به‌صورت نشائی در 29 اسفند و برداشت در زمان 15 مرداد ثبت شد، اما اختلاف میان تیمار مذکور با تیمار کاشت در زمان یکسان و برداشت در 15 مهر از نظر عملکرد شکر، محتوی سدیم، آلکالیته، درصد استحصال شکر و عملکرد شکر سفید معنی‌دار نبود. در این بررسی همبستگی عملکرد شکر سفید با عملکرد ریشه، عیار قند، عملکرد شکر، ضریب استحصال شکر و درصد قند سفید مثبت و معنی‌دار بود، همبستگی عملکرد شکر سفید با محتوی سدیم، پتاسیم، آلکالیته و درصد قند ملاس منفی و معنی‌دار بود. در نهایت کشت به‌صورت نشائی در 29 اسفند و برداشت در زمان‌ها ی 15 مرداد و 15 مهر به‌عنوان مناسبت‌ترین زمان و سیستم کاشت جهت دستیابی به بهترین خصوصیات کمی و کیفی قابل توصیه است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| سیستم کشت؛ عیار قند؛ همبستگی؛ طول دوره رشد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Studying the effect of different planting and harvesting dates on the quantitative and qualitative yield of sugar beet under transplanting conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Heydar Azizi1؛ V.A. Yousefabadi2؛ Elnaz Farajzadeh3؛ Afsaneh Yousefpour4؛ Siavash Farajian5 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor of Sugar Beet Research Department, West Azarbayjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (ARREO). Urmia, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI) - Assistant professor of Sugar Beet seed Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 3Islamic Azad University, Malekan Branch | ||
| 4Islamic Azad University, Mahabad Branch | ||
| 5Islamic Azad University, Malekan Branch | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) is one of the main sources of sugar production after sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). The planting date is one of the most important factors affecting the yield and quality of sugarbeet. Achieving appropriate economic yield in sugar beet depends on proper vegetative growth during the early growth season and the correct allocation and distribution of photosynthetic assimilates. Shortening the plant growth period can be achieved under controlled conditions by planting seedlings in a nursery and transplanting them to the main field at the appropriate time, thereby reducing the risks associated with late winter cold and water shortage. Under transplanting conditions, sugar beet root yield has been reported to increase compared with direct seeding at the same sowing date. Another important factor influencing the economic yield of sugar beet is the determination of an appropriate harvesting time. Since sugar beet, unlike cereals, does not have a specific physiological maturity stage, identifying the optimum harvest time plays a vital role in final productivity. The harvesting time of sugar beet in each region depends on climatic conditions and the ability to achieve maximum white sugar yield. Given the importance of sugar beet planting in West Azerbaijan province and the role of planting and harvesting dates in determining final yield, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of planting and harvesting dates on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet under transplanting and direct seed conditions. Materials and Methods This study was carried out in Miandoab County during the 2023 growing season as a split-plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. Three planting dates (Febuary 28, March 20, and March 29) and three harvesting times (Julay 6, August 6, and October 7) were allocated to main plots and sub plots, respectively. The cultivar used in this experiment was Novodoro. For transplanting, seedlings were produced in a nursery prior to the main field planting date. When the average seedling root diameter reached 3.5– 4 cm, the seedlings were irrigated and defoliated. Transplanting to the main field was carried out within less than one day. Planting was carried out manually at 20 day intervals, with a plant spacing of 20 cm. The first irrigation was applied immediately after transplanting. After harvesting, root weight and pulp samples were taken at each harvest date. Quantitative and qualitative traits including root yield (RY), sugar content (SC), white sugar content (WSC), sugar yield (SY), white sugar yield (WSY), sodium (Na), potassium (K) and α-amino nitrogen as root impurities, alcality (Alc), extraction coefficient of sugar (ECS) and molasses sugar (MS) were measured. Data analysis was performed using SAS software (Ver. 9.1) and mean comparisons were conducted using Duncan’s multiple range test. Results and Discussion Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the effect of planting date as the main factor was significant for all traits at the 0.01 probability level. The effect of harvest date was significant for molasses sugar content at the 0.05 level and significant for all other triats at the 0.01 level. The interaction between planting date and harvest date was also significant for all traits at the 0.01 probability level, indicating the combined importance of these two factors in determining quantitative and qualitative yield. Mean comparison of the interaction effects showed that planting on March 20 and harvesting on October 7 resulted in the highest root yield (85.57 t ha-1). In all planting dates, root yield increases with delayed harvesting. Moreover, across all harvesting dates, the highest root yield was obtained from March 20 planting date. The increase in root yield under early planting and transplanting conditions is likely due to improved vegetative growth, greater leaf area development, enhanced energy absorption, and increased production and translocation of photosynthetic assimilates to the roots. The highest sugar content (16.25%) was observed in plots planted on March 20, and harvested on August 6, whereas the lowest sugar content (7.30%) was recorded in directly seeded plants planted on March 29 and harvested on October 7. Delaying harvest from July 6 to October 7 significantly increased sugar yield at all planting dates. In addition, the highest sugar yield across all harvest dates was obtained from the March 20 planting date. Conclusion Since white sugar yield is the most important economic trait in sugar beet, conclusions were drawn primarily based on this parameter. The maximum white sugar yield was achieved in treatments planted on March 20 under transplanting conditions and harvested on August 6 and October 7. These treatments showed a significant advantage over other planting dates, particularly direct seeding. It can be concluded that these treatments optimally utilized environmental factors such as light and temperature, leading to improved white sugar yield. Finally, the use of an early planting and harvesting system not only resulted in maximum economic yield but also reduced input consumption and provided sufficient time for field preparation for the subsequent crop. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Correlation, Cultivation system, Growth period length, Sugar content | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abdolahian Nogabi M. The investigation of quantity and quality parameters of sugar beet growth in various planting date. (MSc. thesis) Tarbiat Modares University. 1993. (In Persian) Akyüz A, Ersus S. Optimization of enzyme assisted extraction of protein from the sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaves for alternative plant protein concentrate production. Food Chemistry. 2021; 335: 127673. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127673 Alami L, Terouzi W, Otmani M, Abdelkhalek O, Salmaoui S, Mbarki M. Effect of sugar beet harvest date on its technological quality parameters by exploratory analysis. Journal of Food Quality. 2021; 8-23. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6639612 Ashraf-Mansouri Gh. Effect of sowing date and plant population on root and sugar yield of two sugar beet varieties in Darab region. Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center. 2000. Bagheri Shirvan M, Asadi Gh, Kuchaki A. Evaluation of quality and quantity characteristics of sugarbeet varieties in different sowing date of direct sowing and transplanting in Shirvan and Mashhad. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 2020; 551-565 (In Persian). Doi: https://doi.org/10.22067/GSC.V17I4.76512 Bazrafshan M, Taleghani DF, Sharifi H, Ghaemi A, Baghaee Kia M. Determine the best planting and harvesting date of new varieties of sugar beet monogerm hybrid. The final report of the research project. Sugar Beet Seed Improvement Institute. 2008. Campbell LG, Enz JW. Temperature effects on sugar beet seedling emergence. Journal of Sugar Beet Research. 1991; 28: 129-140. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5274/jsbr.28.3.129 Cooke DA, Scott RK. The sugar beet crop: science to practice. Chapman and Hall, London. 1993; pp. 678 Curcic Z, Ciric M, Nagl N, Taski-Ajdukovic K. effect of sugar beet genotype, planting and harvesting dates and Their Interaction on Sugar Yield. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2018; 4: 3. 1-9. Doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01041 Draycott AP. Sugar beet. Blackwell Publishing LTD. 2006; pp. 473. Doi: 10.1017/S002185960600671X Enan S, Shalaby N. Yield and quality of some sugar beet varieties as affected by sowing date and harvest age. Fayoum Journal of Agricultural Research and Development. 2011; 25: 51-66. Doi: https://doi.org/10.21608/fjard.2011.195503 Fortune RA, Burke JI, Kennedy TO, Sullivan E. Effect of early sowing on the growth, yield and quality of sugar beet. Crops Research. Centre, Oak Park. 1999; pp.25. Habibi P, Kashani A, Mamghani R, Mesgharbashi M. Feasibility study of spring culture of three sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivars by paper pot and direct sowing methods in Ahvaz. Journal of Plant Production (Scientific Journal of Agriculture). 2010; 33(2): 42-54. (In Persian) Heath MC, Cleal RA. Transplanting date and pot length for sugar beet. Transplanting in UK. Aspects of Applied Biology. 1992; 32: 135-140. Hoffmann CM. Changes in N composition of sugar beet varieties in response to increasing N supply. Agronomy and Crop Science. 2005; 191: 138-145. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2004.00149.x. Jihad Akbar MD, Babaei B, Basati J, Abbasi Z. Effect of different methods of cultivation in saline lands on sugar beet quality and quantity. Journal of Sugar Beet. 2013; 29(2): 189-199. (In Persian with English abstract) . Doi: https://doi.org/10.22092/JSB.2014.2490 Jozefyová L, Pulkrabek J, Urban J. Effect of harvest time on sugar beet fertilised with increased nitrogen. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment. 2004; 2: 232-237. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1234/4.2004.128
Karimi M. Management of reducing water consumption in sugar beet. Agricultural Education Publications. 2020. (In Persian) Kaziminhah K. Effect of transplanting time on quality and quantity of sugar beet in saline lands of East Azarbaijan province. Quarterly Journal of Agricultural Science. 2006; 16(1): 203-212. (In Persian) Kheir Khah M, Yousef Abadi F, Hariri Moghadam. Comparison of root yield and sugar content in two methods of root seedling and paper pots after wheat and barley harvesting. Second National Conference and Applied Research in Agricultural Sciences. Iran Tehran. 2014. (In Persian) Koochecki AR, Hoseini M, Nasiri Mahallati M. Relationship between water and soil in crops. Mashhad University Jihad of Publications. 1997. (In Persian) Koochecki AR. Agriculture in arid areas. Mashhad University Jihad of Publications. 2008. (In Persian) Kucharik CJ. A multi-decadal trend of earlier corn planting in the central USA. Agronomy Journal. 2006; 98: 1544-1550. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2006.0156. Laura D, Zolatan B, Tomas H, Tamas A, Tamas S. Crop planting date matters: Estimation methods and effect on future yields. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 2003; 223: 103-115. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.03.023 Lee GS, Dunn G, Schmehl WR. Effect of date of planting and N-fertilization on growth components of sugar beet. Journal of the American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists. 1987; 24: 81-99. Leilah AA, Badawi MA, Said EM, Ghonema MH, Abdou MAE. Effect of planting dates, plant population and nitrogen fertilization on sugar beet productivity under the newly reclaimed sandy soils in Egypt. Scientific Journal of King Faisal University. 2005; 6(1): 95-110. Mobaser A, Piri A. Cultivation of industrial and forage plants. Payame Noor University Publications. 2008. (In Persian) Nabi Ilkaee M, Babaei Z, Baghdadi A, Golzardi F. Effect of different planting dates and defoliation on the properties of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences. 2016; 4(1): 52-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18006/2015.4(1).52.58 Nagib S, El-Azez A, Ali A. Evaluation of some new sugar beet varieties as affected by different harvest ages under conditions of Minia Governorate. International Journal of Plant Production. 2018; 9: 1175-1180. Doi: https://doi.org/10.21608/jpp.2018.36646. Pahlavanian Miandoab S, Dadashi MR, Mir Mahmoudi T, Shahrooghbi A, Adjam Norouzi H. Study qualitative and quantitative traits of sugar beet cultivars at different planting times in transplanting and seedling cultivation system in West Azarbaijan area. Journal of Crop Production. 2020; 13(3): 23-40. Doi: https://doi.org/10.22069/EJCP.2020.16517.2232. Rinaldi M, Vonella AV. The response of autumn and spring sown sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) to irrigation in Southern Italy: water and radiation use efficiency. Field Crops Research. 2006; 95: 103-114. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2004.12.004. Sadegh Zadeh Hamati S, Shirzadi MH, Aghaei Zadeh M, Fatollah Taleghani D, Javaheri A, Asgari A. Evaluation of sowing and harvesting date effects on yield and quality of five sugar beet cultivars in Jiroft region (autumn planting). Journal of Sugar Beet. 2012; 28(1): 25-42. (In Persian with English abstract). Doi: https://doi.org/10.22092/JSB.2012.659 Sadeghzadeh Hemayati S, Fathollah Taleghani D, Kashani A, Siadat AS, Normouhamadi G. Effect of sowing date, planting density and cultivar on solar radiation interception indices in sugar beet. II Radiation use efficiency. Journal of Sugar Beet. 2009; 25(1): 53-69. Doi: https://doi.org/10.22092/JSB.2009.975. Sadeghzadeh Hemayati S, Hamdi F, Saremirad A, Hamze H. Genotype by environment interaction and stability analysis for harvest date in sugar beet cultivars. Scientific Reports. 2024; 14:16015. (In Persian with English abstract) .Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67272-7. Shibles RM, Webers CR. Interception of solar radiation and dry matter production by various soybean planting patterns. Crop Science. 1996; 6: 55-59. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1966.0011183X000600010017x Sögüt T, Aroglu H. Plant density and sowing date effects on sugar beet yield and quality. Journal of Agronomy. 2004; 3(3): 215-218. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3923/ja.2004.215.218. Stibbe C, Marlander B. Field emergence dynamics significance to intraspecific competition and growth efficiency in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). European Journal of Agronomy. 2002; 17: 161-171.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(02)00005-9. Tahisin S, Hali A. Plant density and sowing date effects on sugar beet yield and quality. Agronomy Journal. 2004; 3(3): 215-218. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3923/ja.2004.215.218. Taleghani D, Habibi FD, Abadi V, Ghohari J, Jegini MA, Gasem BM. Determination of optimum plant density and sowing arrangement of sugar beet at sprinkler irrigation system. Abstracts of 6th Iranian Agronomy and Plant Breeding Congress. Babolsar. Mazandaran University. 2004; 456 pp. Taleghani D, Hosseinpour M, Nemati R, Saremirad A. Study of the possibility of winter sowing of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) early cultivars in Moghan region, Iran. Iranian Society of Crops and Plant Breeding Sciences. 2023; 24: 319-334. Doi: https://doi.org/20.1001.1.15625540.1401.24.4.1.8. Tomaszewska J, Bieliński D, Binczarski M, Berlowska J, Dziugan P, Piotrowski J, Stanishevsky A, Witońska I. Products of sugar beet processing as raw materials for chemicals and biodegradable polymers. RSC Advances. 2018; 8(6): 3161-3177. Doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1039/C7RA12782K Yosef-Abadi V. Effect of seedling size (transplanting) and the date of its transfer to the field of sugar beet root yield and quality in small pieces. Sugar Beet Seed Institute. 2015. (In Persian) | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 160 |
||