Armin, M., Roohipour, H., Ahmadi, H., Salajegheh, A., Mahdian, M.H., Ghorbania Khaibari, V., 2016. Relationships between soil aggregate stability and some soil properties in the soils of Taleghan watershed. J. Range. Water. Manage. 69(2), 275-295 (in Persian).
Arshad, M.A., Lowery, B., Grossman, B., 1997. Physical tests for monitoring soil quality. Methods for Assess. Soil Qual. 49, 123-141.
Azizi, Y., Akhavan, R., Kiadaliri, H., Soleimani, R., 2022. The effect of management practices and slope direction on the biometrics variables of trees, soil and biodiversity of tree species in the Dinarkouh forests of Ilam. Iran. J. Forest 14(3), 275-290 (in Persian).
Back, M.P., Jefferson, A.J., Ruhm, C.T., Blackwood, C.B., 2024. Effects of reclamation and deep ripping on soil bulk density and hydraulic conductivity at legacy surface mines in northeast Ohio, USA. Geoderma 442, 116788.
Bayati, M., 2010. The role of changes in the physical and chemical properties of soils along the slopes in the susceptibility to erosion of mountain soils (with emphasis on gully erosion): the north-western slopes of Sabalan (from Azar to Meshkin Shahr). J. Space Plann. Manage. 14(1), 33-56 (in Persian).
Blake, G.R., 1986. Bulk density. Methods of soil analysis: Part 1 physical and mineralogical properties, including statistics of measurement and sampling, 9, 374-390.
Cifuentes-Croquevielle, C., Stanton, D.E., Armesto, J.J., 2020. Soil invertebrate diversity loss and functional changes in temperate forest soils replaced by exotic pine plantations. Sci. Reports. 10(1), 7762.
Ding, Y., Zhao, Q., Ding, S., Lu, X., Wei, X., 2025. Effects of land reclamation on the stability of soil organic carbon pool in floodplains. Land Degrada. Develop. 36(11), 3844-3857.
Hamedani, K.S., Tavili, A., Javadi, S. A., Jafari, M., Tahmoures, M., 2022. Effect of environmental and managerial factors on range condition in semi-arid mountainous area of Chahar Bagh in northeastern Iran. J. Rangeland Sci. 12(4), 418-433.
Jafarian, Z., Shabanzadeh, S., 2017. The effect of slope direction on the spatial variability of physical and chemical properties of soil in the Kiasar region of Mazandaran. Soil Water Knowledge 27(4), 225-235 (in Persian).
Kalahroudi, Z.H., Zadeh, M.M., Mahini, A.S., Kiani, F., Najafinejad, A., 2023. Impacts of tourist trampling and topography on soil quality characteristics in recreational trails. Soil Environ. 42(1), 77-93.
Karimi, M., Abbaspour, A., Safari, Y., Dorostkar, V., 2023. The effect of slope direction and position on important soil properties in the Kalpoush region of Shahroud. J. Environ. Erosion Res. 13(1), 175-189 (in Persian).
Kemper, W.D., Rosenau, R.C. 1986. Aggregate stability and size distribution. Methods of soil analysis: Part 1 Physical and mineralogical methods, 5, 425-442.
Kölbl, A., Steffens, M., Wiesmeier, M., Hoffmann, C., Funk, R., Krümmelbein, J., Kögel-Knabner, I., 2011. Grazing changes topography-controlled topsoil properties and their interaction on different spatial scales in a semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia, PR China. Plant Soil 340, 35-58.
Ladanyi, Z., Blanka, V., Deak, A. J., Rakonczai, J., Mezősi, G., 2016. Assessment of soil and vegetation changes due to hydrologically driven desalinization process in an alkaline wetland, Hungary. Ecolo. Complex. 25, 1-10.
Lal, R., 2016. Soil health and carbon management. Food Energy Secur. 5(4), 212-222.
López, I.F., Lambert, M.G., Mackay, A.D., Valentine, I., 2003. The influence of topography and pasture management on soil characteristics and herbage accumulation in hill pasture in the North Island of New Zealand. Plant Soil 255, 421-434.
Lucà, F., Conforti, M., Robustelli, G., 2011. Comparison of GIS-based gullying susceptibility mapping using bivariate and multivariate statistics: Northern Calabria, South Italy. Geomorphol. 134(3-4), 297-308.
Luo, B., Li, J., Tang, J., Wei, C., Zhong, S., 2024. Microtopography effects on pedogenesis in the mudstone-derived soils of the hilly mountainous regions. Sci. Report. 14(1), 11998.
Maleki, S., Khoramali, F., Kiani, F., Karimi, A., 2013. Effect of slope aspect and position on some physical and chemical properties of soil in sloping loess lands, Toshan region, Golestan province. Soil Water Conserv. Res. 20(3), 93-112. (in Persian).
Mhalla, B., Ahmed, N., Datta, S.P., Singh, M., Shrivastava, M., Mahapatra, S.K., Moursy, A.R., 2019. Effect of topography on characteristics, fertility status and classification of the soils of almora district in Uttarakhand. J. Indian Soci. Soil Sci. 67(3), 309-320.
Moazeni-Noghondar, S., Golkarian, A., Azari, M., Asgari Lajayer, B., 2021. Study on soil water retention and infiltration rate: a case study in eastern Iran. Environ. Earth Sci. 80(14), 474.
Moeieni, A., Jafari, M., Salajegheh, A., Feiznia, S., Sarmadian, F., 2016. Investigating the possibility of using the geomorphology method for soil science studies in natural resources. Iran. J. Nat. Resour. 59(3), 569-577 (in Persian).
Mohajeri, P., Alamdari, P., Golchin, A., 2016. The effect of slope positions on the physical and chemical properties of soils located on the hill and valley series in the Deylaman region of Guilan Province. Water Soil 30(1), 162-171 (in Persian).
Mohammadkhan, Sh., Ahmadi, H., Jafari, M., Feiznia, S., Salajegheh, A., Azarnivand, H., 2016. Construction of a quantitative geomorphology model using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, case study: Latian Watershed. Water. Res. 28(108), 92-110 (in Persian).
Nahidian, S., Nourbakhsh, F., Mosaddeghi, M.R., 2015. The effect of slope position on the aggregate distribution of organic carbon, L-glutaminase enzyme activity and soil structure stability. J. Soil Manage. Sustain. Produc. 5(1), 129-143. (in Persian).
Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.E., 1996. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. Methods of soil analysis: Part 3 Chemical methods, 5, 961-1010.
Pavand Dorou, A., Salehi, A., Pourbabaei, H., Alavi, S.J., 2015. The relationship between the establishment and distribution of the Acer velutinum Boiss species with the physical and chemical properties of the soil and topographic factors in the northern forests, case study: Nav Asalem/Guilan Province. J. Plant Res. (Iran. J. Biol.), 27(4), 520-533. (in Persian).
Porhemmat, J., Nazaripooya, H., 2015. An investigation and evaluation of infiltration models in rangeland soil cover, case study: Gonbad basin in Hamedan Province. Water. Engin. Manage. 7(4), 458-468 (in Persian).
Rahimi Ashjardi, M., Ayoubi, Sh., 2013. The effect of slope position and land use change on some soil properties and magnetic susceptibility in Fereydunshahr. Water Soil 27(5), 882-895 (in Persian).
Reynolds, W.D., Elrick, D.E., 2002. Soil porosity. In J. H. Dane and G. C. Topp (Eds.), Methods of soil analysis: Part 4. Physical methods (pp. 811-828). Soil Science Society of America.
Richards, L.A. 1954. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils (No. 60). US Government Printing Office.
Saeidian, H., Moradi, H.R., Feiznia, S., Bahramifar, N., 2014. The role of main slope directions on some physical and chemical properties of soil, case study: Gachsaran and Aghajari formations of Kuh Gach and Murgha Watershed in Izeh city. Water. Manage. Res. J. 5(9), 64-77 (in Persian).
Sajadi bami, Y., Porhemmat, J., Sedghi, H., Jalalkamali, N., 2021. Comparison of MIKE NAM and AWBM models performance in simulation of daily runoff in mountainous regions. J. Water Soil Conserv. 10(3), 1-14. (in Persian).
Sajadi Bami, Y., Porhemmat, J., Sedghi, H., Jalalkamali, N., 2020. Performance evaluation of Mike Nam Rainfall-Runoff (RR) model in daily flow simulation, case study: Gonbad Catchment in Hamedan. J. Applied Engin. Sci. 10(1), 1-15.
Six, J., Elliott, E.T., Paustian, K., 2000. Soil structure and soil organic matter II. A normalized stability index and the effect of mineralogy. Soil Sci. Soci. America J. 64(3), 1042-1049.
Stanila, A.L., Simota, C.C., Dumitru, M., Dumitru, S.I., Ignat, P., 2019. Research on soil resources of the northwest part of the cracau-bistrita depresion for sustainable agriculture. Revista De Chimie, 70(4), 1178-1186.
United States. Division of Soil Survey., 1993. Soil survey manual (No. 18). US Department of Agriculture.
Walkley, A., Black, I.A., 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 37(1), 29-38.
Xu, Y., Li, P., Ma, F., Liu, X., Zhang, N., Pan, J., Meng, Y., 2024. Watershed landscape characteristics and connectivity drive river water quality under seasonal dynamics. J. Cleaner Produc. 473, 143533.
Zhang, X., She, D., Hou, X., Zheng, X., 2024. Precipitation, topography, and soil conservation measures determine the spatiotemporal pattern of sediment yield at the regional scale. Catena 240, 107990.
Zhang, X.S., Zhou, C.N., Lu, J., 2022. Influence of topography, soil properties and plant community on the biomass of Abies georgei var. smithii seedlings in Southeast Tibet. J. Mountain Sci. 19(9), 2664-2677.
Zhao, C., Zhou, Y., Jiang, J., Xiao, P., Wu, H., 2021. Spatial characteristics of cultivated land quality accounting for ecological environmental condition: A case study in hilly area of northern Hubei Province, China. Sci. Total Environ. 774, 145765.
Zumara, R., Nasher, N.R., 2024. Soil erodibility mapping of hilly watershed using analytical hierarchy process and geographical information system: A case of Chittagong hill tract, Bangladesh. Heliyon 10(5), 26728.
Walkley, A., Black, I.A,. 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 37(1), 29-38.
Wang, B., Liu, D., Yang, J., Zhu, Z., Darboux, F., Jiao, J., An, S., 2021. Effects of forest floor characteristics on soil labile carbon as varied by topography and vegetation type in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Catena 196, 104825.
Xiong, Z., Li, S., Yao, L., Liu, G., Zhang, Q., Liu, W., 2015. Topography and land use effects on spatial variability of soil denitrification and related soil properties in riparian wetlands. Ecolo. Engin. 83, 437-443.