اخبار و اعلانات

 آمار

تعداد نشریات282
تعداد نشریات سازمان80
تعداد شماره‌ها3,168
تعداد مقالات35,197
تعداد مشاهده مقاله50,932,396
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله90,937,863
کریم زاده, زهرا, محمدی, محمد حسین, بشارتی, حسین. (1404). تغییرات شدت تبخیر از خاک شنی و لوم رسی شنی در اثر باکتری باسیلوس ولزنسیس. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 39(4), 437-453. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2026.371357.799
زهرا کریم زاده; محمد حسین محمدی; حسین بشارتی. "تغییرات شدت تبخیر از خاک شنی و لوم رسی شنی در اثر باکتری باسیلوس ولزنسیس". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 39, 4, 1404, 437-453. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2026.371357.799
کریم زاده, زهرا, محمدی, محمد حسین, بشارتی, حسین. (1404). 'تغییرات شدت تبخیر از خاک شنی و لوم رسی شنی در اثر باکتری باسیلوس ولزنسیس', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 39(4), pp. 437-453. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2026.371357.799
کریم زاده, زهرا, محمدی, محمد حسین, بشارتی, حسین. تغییرات شدت تبخیر از خاک شنی و لوم رسی شنی در اثر باکتری باسیلوس ولزنسیس. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1404; 39(4): 437-453. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2026.371357.799

تغییرات شدت تبخیر از خاک شنی و لوم رسی شنی در اثر باکتری باسیلوس ولزنسیس

پژوهش های خاک
دوره 39، شماره 4، اسفند 1404، صفحه 437-453    اصل مقاله (1.48 M)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijsr.2026.371357.799
نویسندگان
زهرا کریم زاده1؛ محمد حسین محمدی* 1؛ حسین بشارتی2
1گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
2مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب (SWRI)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO)، کرج، ایران
چکیده
در این پژوهش اثر تلقیح باکتری Bacillus velezensis تولیدکننده پلیمر γ‑PGA، بر شدت تبخیر از دو خاک با بافت­های شنی و لومی‌ رسی ‌شنی، به‌صورت آزمایشگاهی، بررسی گردید. آزمایش‌ها در ستون‌های PVC با سه تیمار شامل، شاهد (آب)، تلقیح نسبت 1:5 و 1:10 سوسپانسیون به آب با جمعیت­های 108×4 و 108×8 (CFU-1 mL)  اجرا شد و میزان تبخیر از خاک طی ۱۰ الی ۱۱ روز با وزن‌­کردن روزانه پایش شد. شبیه‌سازی با نرم‌افزار HYDRUS‑1D انجام و پارامترهای هیدرولیکی به همراه شاخص‌های دینامیک آب خاک، شامل؛ مکش و رطوبت ظرفیت زراعی و طول مشخصه تبخیر با استفاده از حل معکوس برآورد شد. نتایج نشان داد که تلقیح باکتری، تبخیر تجمعی را در هر دو خاک کاهش داد و این اثر در خاک شنی بیشتر از لوم‌رسی‌شنی بود. در اثر تلقیح خاک با باکتری باسیلوس ولزنسیس، میانگین وزنی هدایت هیدرولیکی و طول مشخصه تبخیر (Lc​) و پتانسیل ماتریک بحرانی ظرفیت مزرعه (ΨFC) کاهش و زمان مشخصه رسیدن به ظرفیت مزرعه (tFC​) افزایش یافت. تغییرات ویژگی‌های هیدرولیکی خاک نیز با تراکم جمعیت باکتری تلقیح­شده غیرخطی بود و کارایی غلظت پایین‌تر باکتری در کاهش تبخیر در برخی شرایط بیشتر بود که احتمال خودمهارگری در تراکم‌های بالاتر را نشان می­دهد.این  یافته‌ها ظرفیت مهندسی زیستی برای مهار تبخیر و بهبود آب سبز در خاک‌های درشت‌دانه را تأیید کرد. توصیه می­شود مطالعات آینده اعتبارسنجی مزرعه‌ای و تعیین دوز بهینه را مورد بررسی قرار دهند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
پلی‌گاما گلوتامیک اسید؛ تبخیر؛ خواص هیدرولیکی خاک؛ مدل‌سازی معکوس
عنوان مقاله [English]
Changes in Soil Evaporation Intensity in Sandy and Sandy Clay Loam Soils as Affected by Inoculation with Bacillus velezensis
نویسندگان [English]
Zahra Karimzadeh1؛ Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi1؛ Hossein Besharati2
1Department of Soil Sciences and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2Soil and Water Research Institute (SWRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Background and Objectives: Direct evaporation from bare soil is a major pathway of “green water” loss in arid and semi‑arid regions, and reducing it can improve agricultural water use efficiency. In this study, the effect of inoculating the γ‑PGA‑producing plant growth‑promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus velezensis on evaporation intensity and key hydraulic indicators was evaluated in two contrasting soil textures: sand and sandy clay loam. A complementary objective was to use HYDRUS‑1D inverse modelling as an analytical tool to estimate effective hydraulic parameters and interpret shifts in evaporation regime after inoculation.
Materials and Methods: A column experiment was conducted using PVC cylinders (15 cm height, 4.5 cm internal diameter) packed with a sandy soil (S) and a sandy clay loam (SCL). Treatments consisted of a distilled‑water control (C) and two inoculum levels, with volumetric suspension‑to‑water ratios of 1:5 and 1:10, corresponding to approximately 8×10^8 and 4×10^8 CFU mL⁻¹, respectively. Columns were saturated from the bottom with the assigned solution and then exposed to laboratory evaporation for 10–11 days, while daily mass loss was recorded and converted to cumulative evaporation. The cumulative evaporation time series for each column were used in HYDRUS‑1D (Richards equation with van Genuchten–Mualem functions) to inversely estimate θr, θs, α, n, and Ks. From the fitted parameters, dynamic soil–water indicators such as characteristic evaporation length (Lc), matric potential at field capacity (ΨFC), characteristic time to reach field capacity (tFC) and an effective mean unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (km) were derived to diagnose the mechanisms underlying evaporation changes.
 
Results: Bacterial inoculation suppressed cumulative evaporation in both textures, with markedly larger effects in the sand: after 11 days, S-B1:5 and S‑B1:10 reduced evaporation by 40.5% and 54.4% versus S-C (3.12 cm → 1.85 cm and 1.42 cm), while SCL‑B1:5 and SCL-B1:10 achieved 6.9% and 12.1% reductions versus SCL-C (3.62 cm → 3.38 and 3.19 cm). HYDRUS-1D reproduced dynamics with high fidelity (R² = 0.996–0.999; low bias/error), enabling robust parameter inference. In the sand, inoculation transformed evaporation from step-like capillarity control into smoother diffusion -dominated trends via near-surface γ-PGA biofilm, disrupting capillary continuity. Metrics confirmed this: Lc decreased (26.5 → 17.6 → 15.4 cm), tFC increased (0.32 → 0.40 → 0.52 days), and ΨFC declined (36.2 → 21.4 → 19.7 cm). SCL showed modest but evident effects, with higher inoculum reducing Lc (~18 cm) and extending tFC (~4.5 days). The 1:10 inoculum often outperformed 1:5, indicating self-limitation at higher densities constraining γ-PGA efficacy. γ-PGA biofilms reshape hydraulic networks, shifting coarse sands from capillary-to diffusion-limited evaporation, wich was captured by VGM parameters and dynamic indicators (Lc↓, tFC↑). Coarser textures yielded greater gains, aligning with capillary theory.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the results support the potential of Bacillus velezensis inoculation as a “bioengineering” strategy to suppress bare‑soil evaporation, particularly in coarse‑textured soils where green‑water conservation is most critical. The observed non‑monotonic response to inoculum level highlights the need to optimise dosage with respect to soil texture and target process. Given the laboratory column scale of this proof‑of‑concept, field‑scale validation and explicit quantification of γ‑PGA/EPS production are recommended to refine the mechanistic interpretation and to develop practical guidelines for the use of B. velezensis in water‑limited cropping systems.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
bare-soil Evaporation, inverse modeling, poly-gamma-glutamic acid, soil hydraulic properties
مراجع
  1. Reassouline, S. and Or, D. 2013. ‘Conceptual and parametric representation of soil hydraulic properties: A review’. Vadose Zone Journal, 12(4), vzj2013-07. doi:10.2136/vzj2013.07.0121
  2. Assouline, S. and Or, D. 2014. ‘The concept of field capacity revisited: Defining intrinsic static and dynamic criteria for soil internal drainage dynamics’. Water Resources Research, 50(6), pp. 4787–4802. doi:10.1002/2014WR015475
  3. B Kogbara, R., Ayotamuno, M. J., Worlu, D. C. and Fubara-Manuel, I. 2015. ‘A case study of petroleum degradation in different soil textural classes’. Recent Patents on Biotechnology, 9(2), pp. 108–115. doi:10.2174/2211550105666151110203337
  4. Bangira, C. 2018. ‘Food security as a water grand challenge’. Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education, 165(1), pp. 59–66. doi:10.1111/j.1936-704X.2018.03293.x
  5. Barrientos-Sanhueza, C., Cargnino-Cisternas, D., Díaz-Barrera, A. and Cuneo, I. F. 2022. ‘Bacterial alginate-based hydrogel reduces hydro-mechanical soil-related problems in agriculture facing climate change’. Polymers, 14(5), 922. doi:10.3390/polym14050922
  6. Birrer, G. A., Cromwick, A. M. and Gross, R. A. 1994. ‘γ‑Poly(glutamic acid) formation by Bacillus licheniformis 9945a: physiological and biochemical studies’. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 16(5), pp. 265–275. doi:10.1016/0141-8130(94)90032-9
  7. Carles Brangari, A., Sanchez‐Vila, X., Freixa, A., M. Romaní, A., Rubol, S. and Fernàndez‐Garcia, D., 2017. A mechanistic model (BCC‐PSSICO) to predict changes in the hydraulic properties for bio‐amended variably saturated soils. Water Resources Research, 53(1), pp.93-109. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR018517.
  8. Carminati, A., Moradi, A. B., Vetterlein, D., Vontobel, P., Lehmann, E., Weller, U., Vogel, H. J. and Oswald, S. E. 2010. ‘Dynamics of soil water content in the rhizosphere’. Plant and Soil, 332(1), pp. 163–176. doi:10.1007/s11104-010-0283-8
  9. Chamizo, S., Cantón, Y., Domingo, F. and Belnap, J. 2013. ‘Evaporative losses from soils covered by physical and different types of biological soil crusts’. Hydrological Processes, 27(3), pp. 324–332. doi:10.1002/hyp.8421
  10. Chenu, C. 1993. ‘Clay—or sand—polysaccharide associations as models for the interface between micro-organisms and soil: water related properties and microstructure’. Soil Structure/Soil Biota Interrelationships, pp. 143–156. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-81490-6.50016-9
  11. Cromwick, A. M., Birrer, G. A. and Gross, R. A. 1996. ‘Effects of pH and aeration on γ‑poly (glutamic acid) formation by Bacillus licheniformis in controlled batch fermentor cultures’. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 50(2), pp. 222–227. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19960420)50:2<222::AID-BIT10>3.0.CO;2-P
  12. Czarnes, S., Hallett, P. D., Bengough, A. G. and Young, I. M. 2000. ‘Root‑ and microbial‑derived mucilages affect soil structure and water transport’. European Journal of Soil Science, 51(3), pp. 435–443. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2389.2000.00327.x
  13. Dane, J. H. and Topp, C. G. (eds.) 2020. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 4: Physical Methods. John Wiley & Sons.
  14. de Souza, M., Koo-Oshima, S., Kahil, T., Wada, Y., Qadir, M., Jewitt, G., Cudennec, C., Uhlenbrook, S. and Zhang, L., 2021. Food and agriculture.
  15. Dennis, M. L. and Turner, J. P. 1998. ‘Hydraulic conductivity of compacted soil treated with biofilm’. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 124(2), pp. 120–127. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:2(120)
  16. Dettmann, U., Bechtold, M., Viohl, T., Piayda, A., Sokolowsky, L. and Tiemeyer, B. 2019. ‘Evaporation experiments for the determination of hydraulic properties of peat and other organic soils: An evaluation of methods based on a large dataset’. Journal of Hydrology, 575, pp. 933–944. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.05.088
  17. Diallo, M.C.A., Santos, R.C., Gomes, E.P., Machado, C.A.C., Dias, C.R.A., Dos Santos, E.C., Padilha, G.A.C., Belarmino, M.D., Galiaso, M., Riffel, A.S. and Da Silva, E.A.S., 2024. Challenges of smart irrigation implementation in water optimization and agricultural sustainability. Contribuciones A Las Ciencias Sociales, 17(13), p.E13723. https://doi.org/10.55905/revconv.17n.13-270
  18. Epplein, M., Zheng, Y., Zheng, W., Chen, Z., Gu, K., Penson, D., Lu, W. and Shu, X. O. 2011. ‘Quality of life after breast cancer diagnosis and survival’. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 29(4), pp. 406–412. doi:10.1200/JCO.2010.30.6951
  19. Felde, V. J., Drahorad, S. L., Felix-Henningsen, P. and Hoon, S. R. 2018. ‘Ongoing oversanding induces biological soil crust layering: A new approach for biological soil crust structure elucidation determined from high resolution penetration resistance data’. Geoderma, 313, pp. 250–264. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.11.022
  20. Gao, S., Zhang, X., Wang, S., Fu, Y., Li, W., Dong, Y., Li, Y. and Dai, Z. 2024. ‘Multifactorial analysis of the effect of applied gamma‑polyglutamic acid on soil infiltration characteristics’. Polymers, 16(20), 2890. doi:10.3390/polym16202890
  21. Giovanna, D., Soumiya, C., Francesca, M., Valentina, R., Redouane, C. A., Oqbit, W. A. and Sara, B. 2024. ‘Inoculating plant growth‑promoting bacteria: Effects on soil hydraulic properties and tomato root development under water stress conditions’. Agriculture and Food Sciences Research, 11(1), pp. 15–29. doi:10.20448/aesr.v11i1.5359
  22. Glick, B. R. 2012. ‘Plant growth‑promoting bacteria: Mechanisms and applications’. Scientifica, 2012(1), 963401. doi:10.6064/2012/963401
  23. Guo, Y. S., Furrer, J. M., Kadilak, A. L., Hinestroza, H. F., Gage, D. J., Cho, Y. K. and Shor, L. M. 2018. ‘Bacterial extracellular polymeric substances amplify water content variability at the pore scale’. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 6, 93. doi:10.3389/fenvs.2018.00093
  24. Gutierrez, M. M., Cameron-Harp, M. V., Chakraborty, P. P., Stallbaumer-Cyr, E. M., Morrow, J. A., Hansen, R. R. and Derby, M. M. 2022. ‘Investigating a microbial approach to water conservation: Effects of Bacillus subtilis and surfactin on evaporation dynamics in loam and sandy loam soils’. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6, 959591. doi:10.3389/fsufs.2022.959591
  25. Hillel, D. 2003. Introduction to Environmental Soil Physics. Elsevier.
  26. Hodson, T. O. 2022. ‘Root mean square error (RMSE) or mean absolute error (MAE): When to use them or not’. Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, 2022, pp. 1–10. doi:10.5194/gmd-15-5481-2022
  27. Iden, S. C., Blöcher, J. R., Diamantopoulos, E. and Durner, W. 2021. ‘Capillary, film, and vapor flow in transient bare soil evaporation (1): Identifiability analysis of hydraulic conductivity in the medium to dry moisture range’. Water Resources Research, 57(5), e2020WR028513. doi:10.1029/2020WR028513
  28. Kaniz, F., Zheng, W., Bais, H. and Jin, Y. 2023. ‘Plant growth‑promoting rhizobacteria mediate soil hydro‑physical properties: An investigation with Bacillus subtilis and its mutants’. Vadose Zone Journal, 22(5), e20274. doi:10.1002/vzj2.20274
  29. Kim, D. O., Rokoni, A., Kaneelil, P., Cui, C., Han, L. H. and Sun, Y. 2019. ‘Role of surfactant in evaporation and deposition of bisolvent biopolymer droplets’. Langmuir, 35(39), pp. 12773–12781. doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01705
  30. Lehmann, P. and Or, D. 2009. ‘Evaporation and capillary coupling across vertical textural contrasts in porous media’. Physical Review E, 80(4), 046318. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.80.046318
  31. Lehmann, P., Assouline, S. and Or, D. 2008. ‘Characteristic lengths affecting evaporative drying of porous media’. Physical Review E, 77(5), 056309. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.77.056309
  32. Lehmann, P., Merlin, O., Gentine, P. and Or, D. 2018. ‘Soil texture effects on surface resistance to bare‑soil evaporation’. Geophysical Research Letters, 45(19), pp. 10398–10406. doi:10.1029/2018GL078803
  33. Lei, Q., Tao, W., Yang, F., Liu, J., Xi, Z., Wang, Q. and Deng, M. 2025. ‘Effects of coupled application of magnetoelectric activated water and amendments on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and yield of maize in arid regions’. Frontiers in Plant Science, 15, 1497806. doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1497806
  34. Malik, R. S., Butter, B. S., Anlauf, R. and Richter, J. 1987. ‘Water penetration into soils with different textures and initial moisture contents’. Soil Science, 144(6), pp. 389–393.
  35. Moghannem, S.A., Farag, M.M., Shehab, A.M. and Azab, M.S., 2018. Exopolysaccharide production from Bacillus velezensis KY471306 using statistical experimental design. brazilian journal of microbiology, 49(3), pp.452-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2017.05.012
  36. Moradi, R., Haghverdi, A. and Farzam, M. 2021. ‘Sustainable water management in agriculture: A review of challenges and opportunities’. Journal of Cleaner Production, 287, 125026.
  37. Muñoz-Castelblanco, J. A., Pereira, J. M., Delage, P. and Cui, Y. J. 2012. ‘The water retention properties of a natural unsaturated loess from northern France’. Géotechnique, 62(2), pp. 95–106. doi:10.1680/GEOT.9.P.084
  38. Orr, H. K. 1960. ‘Soil porosity and bulk density on grazed and protected Kentucky bluegrass range in the Black Hills’. Journal of Range Management, 13(2), pp. 80–86. doi:10.2307/3895129
  39. Philip, J. R. 1957. ‘Evaporation, and moisture and heat fields in the soil’. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 14(4), pp. 354–366. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1957)014<0354:EAMAHF>2.0.CO;2
  40. Rockström, J., Falkenmark, M., Karlberg, L., Hoff, H., Rost, S. and Gerten, D. 2009. ‘Future water availability for global food production: The potential of green water for increasing resilience to global change’. Water Resources Research, 45(7), W00A12. doi:10.1029/2007WR006767
  41. Rosenzweig, R., Shavit, U. and Furman, A. 2012. ‘Water retention curves of biofilm‑affected soils using xanthan as an analogue’. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 76(1), pp. 61–69. doi:10.2136/sssaj2011.0155
  42. Rothfuss, Y., Merz, S., Vanderborght, J., Hermes, N., Weuthen, A., Pohlmeier, A., Vereecken, H. and Brüggemann, N. 2015. ‘Long‑term and high‑frequency non‑destructive monitoring of water stable isotope profiles in an evaporating soil column’. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 19(10), pp. 4067–4080. doi:10.5194/hess-19-4067-2015
  43. Schindler, U., Durner, W., von Unold, G. and Müller, L. 2010. ‘Evaporation method for measuring unsaturated hydraulic properties of soils: Extending the measurement range’. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 74(4), pp. 1071–1083. doi:10.2136/sssaj2008.0358
  44. Sharma, S., Yost, M.A. and Reeve, J.R., 2025. Roles of Organic Agriculture for Water Optimization in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions. Sustainability, 17(12), p.5452. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125452
  45. Shi, Y., Feng, X., Sun, Z., Zhang, B. and Li, C. 2025. ‘Issues on microbial soil remediation: a case of Cd detoxification by Bacillus strains for alleviating heavy metal stress in crop plants’. Frontiers in Microbiology, 16, 1665354. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1665354
  46. Shoaibi Nobariyan, M. R. and Mohammadi, M. H. 2025. ‘The role of soil water solutes type on changes in evaporation intensity from sandy and clayey soils’. Journal of Water and Soil Science (Isfahan University of Technology), 29(2), pp. 199–214. (in Persian)
  47. Shokri, N. and Or, D. 2013. ‘Drying patterns of porous media containing wettability contrasts’. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 391, pp. 135–141.
  48. Šimůnek, J., Köhne, J. M., Kodešová, R. and Šejna, M. 2008. ‘Simulating non‑equilibrium movement of water, solutes, and particles using HYDRUS: A review of recent applications’. Soil and Water Research, 3(1), pp. S42–S51.
  49. Sparks, D. L. (ed.) 1998. Soil Physical Chemistry. CRC Press.
  50. Streltsova, T. D. 1972. ‘Unconfined aquifer and slow drainage’. Journal of Hydrology, 16(2), pp. 117–124. doi:10.1016/0022-1694(72)90117-5
  51. Tran, T. P., Cho, G. C. and Ilhan, C. 2020. ‘Water retention characteristics of biopolymer hydrogel containing sandy soils’. Hue University Journal of Science: Earth Science and Environment, 129(4A). doi:10.26459/hueuni-jese.v129i4a.5652
  52. van Genuchten, M. T. 1980. ‘A closed‑form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils’. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 44(5), pp. 892–898. doi:10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400050002x
  53. Van Genuchten, M.T., Leij, F.J. and Yates, S.R., 1992. The RETC code for quantifying the hydraulic functions of unsaturated soils. Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency.
  54. Volk, E., Iden, S.C., Furman, A., Durner, W. and Rosenzweig, R., 2016. Biofilm effect on soil hydraulic properties: Experimental investigation using soil‐grown real biofilm. Water Resources Research, 52(8), pp.5813-5828. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR018866.
  55. Wang, Y., Ma, J., Zhang, Y., Zhao, M. and Edmunds, W. M. 2013. ‘A new theoretical model accounting for film flow in unsaturated porous media’. Water Resources Research, 49(8), pp. 5021–5028. doi:10.1002/wrcr.20390
  56. Zhao, Y., Wang, H., Song, B., Xue, P., Zhang, W., Peth, S., Hill, R. L. and Horn, R. 2023. ‘Characterizing uncertainty in process‑based hydraulic modeling, exemplified in a semiarid Inner Mongolia steppe’. Geoderma, 440, 116713. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116713
  57. Zheng, W., Zeng, S., Bais, H., LaManna, J. M., Hussey, D. S., Jacobson, D. L. and Jin, Y. 2018. ‘Plant growth‑promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) reduce evaporation and increase soil water retention’. Water Resources Research, 54(5), pp. 3673–3687. doi:10.1029/2018WR022656
  58. Zhu, F., Cai, J., Wu, X., Huang, J., Huang, L., Zhu, J., Zheng, Q., Cen, P. and Xu, Z. 2013. ‘The main byproducts and metabolic flux profiling of γ‑PGA‑producing strain B. subtilis ZJU‑7 under different pH values’. Journal of Biotechnology, 164(1), pp. 67–74. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.12.009
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 88
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 51


counter
سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. طراحی و پیاده سازی از سیناوب