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کاربست رویکرد پنجحلقهای در مدیریت پایدار آبخیز افین خراسان جنوبی | ||
| پژوهش های آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 39، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 150، فروردین 1405، صفحه 108-125 اصل مقاله (1.68 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/wmrj.2025.370686.1633 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| رضا چمنی1؛ معصومه هواسی2؛ رضا یاقوتی3؛ سیدحمیدرضا صادقی* 4 | ||
| 1استادیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بیرجند، | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران | ||
| 3دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران | ||
| 4استاد گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مقدمه و هدف ساختار سیاسی آبخیزها با اجرای تصمیمهای مدیران و برنامهریزان، دستخوش تغییر میشود. بر این اساس سازمانهای مختلف نقش اساسی و غیرقابلانکاری در شکلگیری مدیریت پایدار آبخیزها دارند. حال آنکه نقش بخشهای مختلف در مدیریت آبخیزها و کیفیت مدیریت پایدار منابع آن، بررسینشده است. ازاینرو، این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی نقش رویکرد پنجحلقهای شامل دولت و مجلس شورای اسلامی، شوراها و دهیاریها، بخش خصوصی، دانشگاه و نیروهای نظامی- انتظامی در مدیریت پایدار آبخیز افین، انجام شد. مواد و روشها در این پژوهش، ابتدا مطالعات تفضیلی-اجرایی هفت زیرآبخیز افین از اداره کل منابعطبیعی و آبخیزداری استان خراسان جنوبی، دریافت شد. سپس، گزارشهای مختلف انجامشده بررسی و مشکلات و موانع موجود برای هر زیرآبخیز استخراج شد. در این راستا، با بازدیدهای میدانی و صحبت با جوامع محلی، مشکلات راستیآزمایی شد و مشکلات دیگر که در مطالعات وجود نداشت یا بعداً بهوجود آمده بود نیز مشخص و فهرست مشکلات نهایی شد. سپس، درخت مشکلات نهایی تشکیل و در ساختار استخوان ماهی جانمایی شد. در پایان بر اساس رویکرد پنجحلقهای، وظایف پنج سازمان دولت و مجلس شورای اسلامی، شوراها و دهیاریها، بخش خصوصی، دانشگاه و مجموعه نیروهای نظامی-انتظامی در مدیریت پایدار آبخیز افین، بررسی شد. نتایج و بحث نتایج این پژوهش بیانگر 31 مشکل اصلی در هفت زیرآبخیز افین بود. این مشکلات در هشت بخش پایش و ارزیابی، مخاطرههای طبیعی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی، بهداشتی رفاهی، آگاهی نداشتن جوامع محلی، مشکلات و موانع طبیعی و سیاستگذاری و برنامهریزی در ساختار بومیشده استخوان ماهی، جانمایی شد. سپس، با استفاده از تجزیه و تحلیل اسناد سازمانی و شرح خدمات سازمانها، مشکلات تعیینشده به سازمانهای مختلف ربطداده شد. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین تعداد مشکلات مربوط به سه خوشه "اقتصادی"، "سیاستگذاری و برنامهریزی" و بهداشتی–رفاهی بود و هر یک از بخشها بر اساس کارکرد خاص خود در رفع آنها مداخله داشت. نتایج تعیین نقش سازمانهای مختلف نشان داد که دولت بهعنوان مرجع اصلی سیاستگذاری و تخصیص منابع، نقش مهمی در تمرکززدایی امکانات، اختصاص بودجه و پشتیبانی از دیگر بخشها را دارد. از سوی دیگر، شوراها و دهیاریها در سطح محلی بیشتر در تسهیل مشارکت مردمی، پیگیری مسائل اجتماعی و هماهنگی با دستگاههای اجرایی نقش اثرگذارتری داشتند. افزون بر این، بخش خصوصی نیز با سرمایهگذاری در بخش فرآوردههای زراعی و بازاریابی آن بر شکوفایی اقتصادی آبخیز افین، اثرگذار بود. دانشگاه نیز با ورود به عرصه تولید فنآوریهای محیطزیستپسند، تربیت نیروهای متخصص و ارائه نوآوریهای علمی در مدیریت پایدار آبخیز، اثرگذار بود. در این میان، یکی از الگوهای کاربردی، ارائه راهکارهای بهینهسازی بهرهبرداری از زرشک، فرآوری محصولات جانبی و گسترش زنجیره ارزش آن بود. اما، نقش دانشگاه فراتر از این بخش بود و شامل پشتیبانی علمی و فناوری از دیگر زمینههای مدیریتی نیز بود. نتیجهگیری و پیشنهادها آبخیز افین بهعنوان یکی از بزرگترین مراکز تولید زرشک در خراسان جنوبی، در تولید محصولات زراعی و باغی جایگاه ممتازی دارد. از سوی دیگر، وجود گسلهای پرشمار در این آبخیز سببشده تا در زمان زلزله، جوامع محلی متحمل خسارتهای زیاد مالی و جانی شوند. بر این اساس، با همافزایی میان نهادهای دولتی و بخش خصوصی میتوان افزون بر تقویت اقتصاد زراعی منطقه، به پایداری جوامع انسانی نیز یاری رساند. با این حال، نقش دیگر بخشها نیز در این فرآیند بسیار حائز اهمیت است. در این راستا، دانشگاهها با تولید دانش و فناوریهای نوین، شوراها و دهیاریها با بهبود سطح مشارکت محلی و نیروهای نظامی–انتظامی با تأمین امنیت و پشتیبانی فنی هر یک نقش مشخصی در پیشبرد مدیریت پایدار آبخیز دارند. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش، پیشنهاد میشود با بهرهگیری از ظرفیت بخش خصوصی در فرآوری زرشک و تولید محصولات فرعی غذایی-دارویی، از خام فروشی این محصول با ارزش جلوگیری شود و با ایجاد ارزشافزوده، به افزایش و پایداری درآمد جوامع محلی کمک شود. همچنین، با توجه به وابستگی شدید منابع آبی به بارندگی، پیشنهاد میشود طرحهای مدیریت منابع آب موجود و افزایش بهرهوری اقتصادی آن برای جلوگیری از مهاجرت و خالی شدن منطقه از سکنه، اجرا شود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| توسعه پایدار؛ دولت محلی؛ مدیریت جامع آبخیز؛ مدیریت مشارکتی؛ مشارکت گروداران | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Application of the Quintuple Helix Approach in Sustainable Management of the Efin Watershed in the South Khorasan | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Reza Chamani1؛ Masoumeh Havasi2؛ Reza Yaghoti3؛ Seyed Hamid Reza Sadeghi4 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran | ||
| 2Ph.D. Student, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran Province, Iran | ||
| 3M.Sc. Student, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran Province, Iran | ||
| 4Professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran Province, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction and Goal The political structure of watersheds changes based on decisions made by managers and planners. Consequently, various organizations play a crucial and undeniable role in developing sustainable watershed management. However, the roles of different sectors in watershed management and the quality of their sustainable resource practices have not been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the role of the quintuple helix approach, which includes the government, the Islamic Consultative Assembly, councils and village councils, the private sector, the universities, and military law enforcement forces, in the sustainable management of the Efin Watershed. Materials and Methods In this research, first, detailed executive studies of seven Efin sub-watersheds were obtained from the General Office of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of South Khorasan Province. Then, various reports were reviewed and the existing problems and obstacles for each sub-watershed were extracted. In this regard, through field visits and discussions with local communities, the problems were verified, and other problems that were not present in the studies or had emerged later were also identified, and the list of problems was finalized. Then, the final problem tree was formed and placed in the fishbone structure. Finally, based on the quintuple helix approach, the duties of five government organizations and the Islamic Consultative Assembly, councils and village councils, the private sector, the university, and the military and law enforcement forces in the sustainable management of the Efin Watershed were examined. Results and Discussion The results of the study indicated 31 main problems in seven Efin’s sub-watersheds. These problems were placed within the localized fishbone structure across eight sections: monitoring and evaluation, natural hazards, economic, social, health and welfare, lack of awareness of local communities, natural problems and obstacles, and policymaking and planning. Then, using the analysis of organizational documents and descriptions of the organizations' services, the identified problems were linked to different organizations. The results showed that the highest number of problems were related to the three clusters of "economic", "policy and planning", and "health-welfare" with each sector has intervened in resolving them based on its specific function. The results of determining the role of different organizations revealed that the government, as the primary authority for policymaking and resource allocation, plays a crucial role in decentralizing facilities, allocating budgets, and supporting other sectors. On the other hand, local councils and village councils play a more significant role in facilitating public participation, addressing social issues, and coordinating with executive agencies. In addition, the private sector also had an impact on the economic prosperity of the Efin Watershed by investing in the agricultural products sector and their marketing. The university also influential by engaging in the development of environmentally friendly technologies, training specialized personnel, and providing scientific innovations in sustainable watershed management. Among these, one of the practical approaches was to provide solutions for optimizing barberry cultivation, processing by-products, and developing its value chain. However, the role of the university went beyond this sector and include scientific and technological support for other management fields. Conclusion and Suggestions The Efin Watershed, as one of the largest barberry production centers in South Khorasan, has a privileged position in the production of agricultural and horticultural products. On the other hand, the existence of multiple faults in this watershed has caused local communities to suffer significant financial and human losses during earthquakes. Accordingly, synergy between government institutions and the private sector can not only strengthen the agricultural economy of the region but also contribute to the sustainability of human societies. However, the role of other actors in this process is also very important. In this regard, universities by producing new knowledge and technologies, councils and village councils by improving the level of local participation, and military forces by providing security and technical support, each play a specific role in advancing sustainable watershed management. Based on the results of this research, it is suggested that by utilizing the capacity of the private sector in barberry processing and the production of secondary food and pharmaceutical products, the raw sale of this valuable product can be prevented, by creating added value, the income of local communities can be increased and sustained. Also, given the strong dependence of water resources on rainfall, it is suggested that plans be implemented to manage existing water resource management and increase their economic productivity to prevent migration and depopulation of the region. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Co-Management, Integrated Watershed Management, Local Government, Sustainable Development, Stakeholder Participation | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 57 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 37 |
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