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Phylogeny and species delimitation in the Medicago rigidula (L.) All. complex based on nrDNA sequence data | ||
| The Iranian Journal of Botany | ||
| دوره 31، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 62، اسفند 2025، صفحه 177-193 اصل مقاله (1.52 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijb.2025.369441.1523 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Zahra Ghorbani1؛ Iraj Mehregan* 2؛ Mostafa Assadi3؛ Ernest Small4 | ||
| 1Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Department of Biology, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 4Biosystematics Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, K1A OC6, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Annual species of the genus Medicago L. (Fabaceae) are ecologically significant components of Mediterranean vegetation. The Medicago rigidula complex, comprising M. rigidula, M. rigiduloides, M. sinskiae, and M. constricta, has undergone substantial taxonomic revision recently, but species boundaries remain unclear due to overlapping morphological traits, recent divergence, and selfing reproductive strategies. To clarify species relationships within the complex, we conducted an integrative analysis of populations sampled from diverse regions of Iran. Floral morphology (34 characters), anatomical features (17 characters), palynology, and seed micromorphology were studied using light and SEM microscopy. Morphological and anatomical differences, particularly in floral characters, pollen aperture types, seed surface vesiculation, and pod vascular bundle shape, helped discriminate among taxa. Phylogenetic analyses based on combined ITS and ETS nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences supported the distinctiveness of M. constricta and M. sinskiae, while also validating the separation of M. rigidula and M. rigiduloides despite partial morphological overlap. A new ETS primer pair, designed specifically for the core Medicago group, improved amplification success and resolution. Cluster and PCA analyses of floral characters further supported species-level distinctions. Although clinal variation was observed in pod morphology, integration of multiple data sources enabled more robust species delimitation. Our findings underscore the importance of combining multilocus molecular data with detailed morphological and anatomical traits to resolve taxonomic complexity in recently diverged, selfing taxa. An updated identification key for the M. rigidula complex is provided, contributing to the systematics within the group. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Annual medics؛ Iran؛ Mediterranean region؛ primer design؛ speciation؛ taxonomy | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| فیلوژنی و تعیین حدود گونه ها در کمپلکس گونه ای Medicago rigidula (L.) All. بر اساس داده های توالی nrDNA | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| زهرا قربانی1؛ ایرج مهرگان2؛ مصطفی اسدی3؛ ارنست اسمال4 | ||
| 1گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران | ||
| 2گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران | ||
| 4موسسه تحقیقاتی بیوسیستماتیک، وزارت کشاورزی کانادا، اوتاوا، اونتاریو، کانادا | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| گونههای یکساله جنسMedicago (تیره باقلائیان) از اجزای مهم پوشش گیاهی در ناحیه مدیترانهای به شمار میروند. مجموعهی Medicago rigidula که شامل گونههای M. rigidula، M. rigiduloides، M. sinskiae و M. constricta میباشد، در سالهای اخیر دستخوش بازنگریهای تاکسونومیکی قابل توجهی شده است. با این حال، به دلیل شباهتهای ریختشناسی، واگرایی افراد و سامانه تولیدمثل خودگشن، مرزهای گونهای در این مجموعه همچنان مبهم باقی ماندهاند. بهمنظور روشنسازی روابط گونهای، جمعیتهایی از مناطق مختلف ایران مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. ریختشناسی گل (۳۴ صفت)، ویژگیهای تشریحی (۱۷ صفت)، ساختار دانه گرده و میکرومورفولوژی بذر با استفاده از میکروسکوپ نوری و الکترونی روبشی (SEM) مطالعه شد. تفاوتهای ریختی و تشریحی بهویژه در صفات گل، نوع منفذ دانههای گرده، ساختار سطح بذر و شکل دستههای آوندی در نیام، موجب تمایز بین گونهها گردید. تجزیههای فیلوژنتیکی مبتنی بر توالیهای ترکیبی ITS و ETS، موقعیت مجزای گونههای M. constricta وM. sinskiae را تأیید کردند و همچنین جداییM. rigidula و M. rigiduloides را با وجود همپوشانیهای جزئی در ریختشناسی تأیید نمودند. آغازگر جدیدی برای ناحیه ETS طراحی شد که موجب بهبود موفقیت در تکثیر و افزایش وضوح نتایج گردید. تحلیلهای خوشهای و PCA نیز از تفکیک گونهای حمایت کردند. با وجود مشاهده تغییرات تدریجی در ریختشناسی نیام، تلفیق دادههای مولکولی و ریختی امکان تعیین دقیقتر حدود گونهها را فراهم ساخت. کلید شناسایی بروز شده برای مجموعه M. rigidula نیز ارائه شده است. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| ایران, تاکسونومی, طراحی پرایمر, گونه زایی, مناطق مدیترانه ای, یونجه های یکساله | ||
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