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بررسی خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی برخی جمعیتهای Alcea koelzii I.Riedl. ایران | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 12، دوره 41، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 126، دی 1404، صفحه 742-765 اصل مقاله (2.27 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2025.369748.3554 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ِیاسمن مشهدی تفرشی1؛ قاسم اقلیما* 2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه کشاورزی، پژوهشکده گیاهان و مواد اولیه دارویی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، پژوهشکده گیاهان و مواد اولیه دارویی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: Alcea koelzii از خانواده پنیرک (Malvaceae) است. این گونه به دلیل داشتن فلاونوئیدها، اسیدهای فنلی، کومارینها، تریترپنها، آلکالوئیدها، پلیساکاریدهای اسیدی (موسیلاژ)، پکتینها، اسکوپولتین، آسپاراژین، تاننها، استروئیدها، پروتئینها و مواد معدنی، دارای خواص بیولوژیکی مختلفی ازجمله ضدالتهاب، ضدمیکروبی، آنتیاکسیدانی، ضداستروژنی، مهارکننده آنزیم و تنظیمکننده سیستم ایمنی است. نظر به اهمیت گیاه ختمی به عنوان یک گونه گیاهی بومی کشور و جایگاه و ارزش آن در صنایع داروسازی، غذایی، آرایشی و بهداشتی، اهلی کردن، ایجاد ارقام مرغوب و همگن و کشت وسیع این گیاهان با اهمیت و ضروری بهنظر میرسد. بنابراین این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تنوع صفات عملکردی، مورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی (بهویژه محتوای آنتوسانین، موسیلاژ و ترکیبهای فنلی) جمعیتهای مختلف A. koelzii به عنوان اولین قدم در جهت کشت و اهلیسازی این گیاه انجام شد. مواد و روشها: به منظور بررسی ویژگیهای مورفولوژیکی، عملکردی و فیتوشیمیایی جمعیتهای A. koelzii جمعیتهای مختلف از رویشگاههای طبیعی در تابستان 1403 و مرحله گلدهی کامل جمعآوری شد. خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و عملکردی از قبیل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه جانبی، قطر گل، تعداد گل، وزن خشک گل در بوته و خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی شامل محتوای فنل کل، فلاونوئید کل، فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی، محتوای آنتوسیانین، محتوای موسیلاژ و کربوهیدرات اندازهگیری شد و ترکیبهای فنلی بهوسیله کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا (HPLC) اندازهگیری شدند. تمام آزمایشهای انجامشده در این تحقیق در پنج تکرار انجام شد. نتایج بهدستآمده به صورت میانگین ± انحراف معیار ارائه شدهاند. برای ارزیابی اختلاف معنیدار بین ارقام در مورد صفات اندازهگیری شده، تجزیه واریانس یکطرفه با استفاده از نرمافزار SAS 9.4 انجام شد. مقایسه میانگینها با استفاده از آزمون دانکن با سطح معنیداری 0.05 درصد انجام شد. نمودار بایپلات و تجزیه خوشهای با استفاده از ضریب فاصله اقلیدسی و روش Ward با استفاده از نرمافزار Origin نسخه 2022 انجام گردید. علاوه بر این، از نرمافزار R برای ایجاد نمودار همبستگی استفاده شد. نتایج: بالاترین ضریب تغییرات مربوط به روتین (223.37%) اسید کلروژنیک (195.91%)، فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی (20.113%) و وزن خشک گل در بوته (78.07%) بود. بیشترین وزن خشک گل (1105.14 گرم در هر بوته) در جمعیت TAR و کمترین آن (672.38 گرم در هر بوته) مربوط به جمعیت SIL بود. جمعیتهای ZAN (27.35%) و SIL (23.42%) بیشترین میزان موسیلاژ را داشتند. میزان آنتوسیانین در گونههای مختلف از 1.86 (در ZAN) تا 3.72 (در QOR) میلیگرم سیانیدین 3-اٌ- گلوکوزاید بر گرم وزن خشک متغیر بود. حداکثر محتوای فنل کل (29.72 میلیگرم معادل اسید گالیک بر گرم وزن خشک) و فلاونوئید کل (16.84 میلیگرم معادل روتین بر گرم وزن خشک) در جمعیت SIL مشاهده شد. محتوای کربوهیدرات کل بین30.73 تا 53.41% متغیر بود که بیشترین و کمترین آن بهترتیب در BAN و HAS مشاهده شد. ترکیبهای فنلی از قبیل روتین، اسید کلروژنیک، کامفرول و آپیژنین بهعنوان ترکیبهای فنلی اصلی به وسیله HLPC شناساسی شدند. نتیجهگیری: یافتههای این مطالعه نشان داد که بین جمعیتهای A. koelzii تنوع ژنتیکی قابل توجهی از نظر ویژگیهای مورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی وجود دارد. تنوع فوقالعاده از نظر پارامترهای مورد مطالعه، نشاندهنده قابلیت جمعیتهای مختلف A. koelzii برای انتخاب و استفاده در برنامههای اصلاحنژاد، کشت و تولید است. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| آنتوسیانین؛ اصلاح؛ تنوع؛ موسیلاژ؛ ختمی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Study of morphological and phytochemical characteristics of some populations of Alcea koelzii I. Riedl. in Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Yasaman Mashhadi Tafreshi1؛ Ghasem Eghlima2 | ||
| 1M.Sc. student, Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and Objectives: Alcea koelzii, a species within the genus Alcea and a member of the Malvaceae family, possesses a wide range of biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-estrogenic, enzyme-inhibitory, and immunomodulatory activities, due to its diverse array of bioactive compounds. These constituents include flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins, triterpenes, alkaloids, acidic polysaccharides (mucilage), pectins, scopoletin, asparagine, tannins, steroids, proteins, and various minerals. Considering the significance of marshmallow as a native plant species and its recognized value in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and health industries, the domestication of A. koelzii, the development of uniform high-quality cultivars, and the establishment of extensive cultivation systems are important and necessary. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the diversity of functional, morphological, and phytochemical traits-particularly anthocyanin, mucilage, and phenolic compound contents-among different A. koelzii populations as an initial step toward the cultivation and domestication of this species. Methodology: To assess morphological, functional, and phytochemical characteristics, multiple A. koelzii populations were collected from natural habitats during the summer of 2024. Plants were harvested at full flowering to standardize the evaluation of the target indicators. Morphological and functional traits, including plant height, number of lateral branches, flower diameter, number of flowers, and flower dry weight per plant, were measured. Phytochemical attributes, comprising total phenolic content, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, anthocyanin content, mucilage, and carbohydrate content, were also quantified. Phenolic compounds were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). All experiments were performed with five replicates, and results are reported as means ± standard deviation (SD). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed by SAS 9.4 to examine significant variation among populations, followed by Duncan’s multiple range test at p < 0.05. A biplot was produced using Origin 2022, and cluster analysis was conducted via the Euclidean distance coefficient and Ward’s method. Correlation analysis was completed using R software. Results: The highest coefficients of variation were observed for rutin (223.37%), chlorogenic acid (195.91%), antioxidant activity (113.20%), and flower dry weight per plant (78.07%). The TAR population exhibited the highest flower dry weight (1105.14 g/plant), while the SIL population showed the lowest (672.38 g/plant). The ZAN (27.35%) and SIL (23.34%) populations demonstrated the highest mucilage contents. Anthocyanin concentration varied from 1.86 mg cyanidin-3-O-glucoside/g dry weight in ZAN to 3.72 mg/g in QOR. The SIL population contained the highest levels of total phenols (29.72 mg gallic acid/g dry weight) and total flavonoids (16.84 mg rutin/g dry weight). Total carbohydrate content ranged from 30.73% to 53.41%, with BAN exhibiting the highest and HAS the lowest values. HPLC analysis identified rutin, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, and apigenin as predominant phenolic compounds across populations. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate substantial genetic diversity among A. koelzii populations in relation to morphological and phytochemical characteristics. The pronounced variability observed across key parameters underscores the strong potential of these populations for selection and utilization in breeding, cultivation, and production programs. These results support the broader goals of domestication and the commercial development of this valuable medicinal species. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Anthocyanin, breeding, diversity, mucilage, marshmallow | ||
| مراجع | ||
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