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اثر سه گونه میکوریزا و محلول‌پاشی سرکه چوب بر برخی ویژگی‌های گیاهی و جذب عناصر غذایی آویشن باغی (Thymus vulgaris L.) | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 41، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 126، دی 1404، صفحه 598-612 اصل مقاله (1.45 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2025.367788.3497 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدی طاهری اصغری* 1؛ ابوالفضل باغبانی آرانی2؛ سید رضا میرعلیزاده فرد3 | ||
| 1استادیار، گروه علوم کشاورزی، دانشکده فنی مهندسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه علوم کشاورزی، دانشکده فنی مهندسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3مربی، گروه علوم کشاورزی و محیط‌زیست، دانشکده فنی مهندسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: کاربرد کودهای زیستی در تولید آویشن باغی (Thymus vulgaris L.) به عنوان یکی از مهمترین گیاهان اسانس‌دار و دارویی جهان در راستای کشاورزی پایدار و تولید محصول سالم حائز اهمیت است. از ترکیب‌های شیمیایی موجود در آویشن، اسیدهای فنولیک، ترپنوئیدها و فلاونوئیدها هستند که از آنها در درمان بیماری‌هایی مانند دیابت، آلزایمر و بیماری‌های قلبی می‌توان استفاده کرد. هدف از انجام این آزمایش، بررسی اثر کاربرد همزمان میکوریزا و محلول‌پاشی سرکه چوب بر برخی ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی و عناصر غذایی شاخساره گیاه آویشن باغی بود. مواد و روش‌ها: پژوهش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار، طی دو سال زراعی 1400-1402 اجرا شد. عوامل آزمایشی شامل سه گونه قارچ میکوریزا (شاهد (عدم تلقیح)، تلقیح بذر و خاک با Glomus mosseae، G. etunicatum و با G. intraradices) و محلول‌پاشی سرکه چوب در چهار سطح شاهد (عدم مصرف)، 5، 10 و 15 در هزار) بود. عملکرد ماده خشک، درصد اسانس، شاخص کلروفیل، کاروتنوئید، درصد فلاونوئید، ترکیب‌های فنلی، آنتوسیانین، نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم شاخصاره اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج حاصل بوسیله نرم‌افزار SAS (نسخه 9.1.3) به صورت مرکب مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفت و مقایسه میانگین‌ها نیز با آزمون حداقل تفاوت معنی‌داری (LSD) در سطح احتمال پنج درصد انجام شد. نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد همزمان قارچ میکوریزا و سرکه چوب سبب افزایش معنی‌دار عملکرد ماده خشک، درصد اسانس و کارتنوئید، آنتوسیانین، ترکیب‌های فنلی و درصد فلاونوئید و شاخص کلروفیل آویشن باغی نسبت به شاهد شد. همچنین کاربرد میکوریزا به‌ویژه گونه (G. mosseae) سبب افزایش بیشتر صفات مورد بررسی گردید. علاوه بر این، پلات‌هایی که با کاربرد 10 در هزار سرکه چوب با گونه (G. mosseae) میکوریزا تیمار شده بودند بالاترین خصوصیات کمی و کیفی آویشن باغی را به خود اختصاص دادند. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین جذب فسفر و پتاسیم شاخساره از تیمار تلقیح با میکوریزا G. mosseae و سرکه چوب 10 در هزار بدست آمد که نسبت به تیمار شاهد به‌ترتیب 133 و 231 درصد افزایش را نشان داد. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین آنتوسیانین، ترکیب‌های فنلی و درصد فلاونوئید از تیمار تلقیح با میکوریزا G. mosseae و سرکه چوب 10 در هزار بدست آمد که نسبت به تیمار شاهد به ترتیب 140، 97 و 107 درصد افزایش را نشان داد. نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طورکلی می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که کاربرد همزمان قارچ میکوریزا به‌ویژه G. mosseae با تیمار محلول‌پاشی 10 در هزار سرکه چوب تیمار مطلوبی برای تولید بالاترین عملکرد کمی و کیفی آویشن باغی به‌شمار می‌رود که می‌تواند کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی را کاهش دهد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| کودهای زیستی؛ اسانس؛ کشاورزی پایدار؛ ماده خشک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of mycorrhiza and wood vinegar foliar application on growth, quality traits, and uptake in garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mehdi Taheri Asghari1؛ Abolfazl Baghbani-Arani2؛ Seyed Reza Miralizadeh Fard3 | ||
| 1Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is recognized as one of the most important essential oil-producing and medicinal plants worldwide, and the use of biological fertilizers in its cultivation is considered vital for achieving sustainable agriculture and producing safe medicinal products. Among the key chemical constituents in thyme are phenolic acids, terpenoids, and flavonoids, which are widely used in the treatment of diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and cardiovascular disorders. This experiment aimed to examine the effect of the synchronic application of mycorrhizae, important ecological symbionts that receive carbon and lipids from the host plant and, in return, enhance water uptake and the absorption of rare mineral nutrients, and foliar spraying of wood vinegar on selected quantitative and qualitative traits and nutrient elements of garden thyme shoots. Methodology: To investigate the effect of the combined application of mycorrhiza and wood vinegar foliar spraying on the quantitative and qualitative properties and nutrient content of thyme shoots, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farms of Takestan University from 2021 to 2023. The experimental factors included mycorrhiza treatments (control, seed and soil inoculation with G. mosseae, G. etunicatum, and G. intraradices) and wood vinegar treatments (control and foliar spraying at 5, 10, and 15 mg/L). Dry matter yield (determined using a scale with 0.01 g precision), essential oil percentage, chlorophyll index, carotenoid content, flavonoid percentage, phenolic compounds, anthocyanin content, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations in the shoots were measured. All data were analyzed using SAS software (version 9.1.3), and mean comparisons were performed using the least significant difference (LSD) test at the 5% probability level. Results: The findings indicated that the synchronic use of mycorrhizal fungi and wood vinegar significantly enhanced dry matter yield, essential oil percentage, carotenoid content, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations, anthocyanin levels, phenolic compounds, flavonoid percentage, and chlorophyll index of garden thyme relative to the control. Moreover, the application of mycorrhiza, particularly the species G. mosseae, resulted in notable improvements in most evaluated traits. In addition, the combined application of 10% wood vinegar and G. mosseae produced the highest quantitative and qualitative attributes of garden thyme. The inoculation treatment with G. mosseae, combined with 10% wood vinegar, produced the greatest concentrations of phosphorus and potassium in the shoots, representing increases of 133% and 231%, respectively, compared to the control. Furthermore, this combined treatment yielded the highest anthocyanin, phenolic compound content, and flavonoid percentage, with increases of 140%, 97%, and 107%, respectively, over the control. Conclusion: Overall, it can be concluded that, in alignment with the principles of sustainable agriculture, the synchronic use of mycorrhizal fungi, especially G. mosseae, together with foliar application of 10 mg/L wood vinegar, constitutes an effective approach for achieving maximum quantitative and qualitative yield in garden thyme. This strategy not only enhances essential agronomic and biochemical traits but also reduces reliance on chemical fertilizers, thereby contributing to the production of healthier and more environmentally sustainable plant products. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Biofertilizers, essential oil, sustainable agriculture, dry matter | ||
| مراجع | ||
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