The evaluation of lethal and sublethal effects of essential oils from five medicinal plants on the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hem.: Aleyrodidae)) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاهپزشکی | ||
| Volume 12, Issue 1, August 2024, Pages 99-112 PDF (535.17 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/bcpp.2025.370361.396 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Najmeh Kianpour1; Hassan Ali Vahedi* 2; Mohammad Reza Bagheri3; Mohammad Amin Samih4; Zarir Saeidi5; Zohre Emami Bistgani6 | ||
| 1Ph.D. student, Associate professor, Department of Plant Protection, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate professor, Department of Plant Protection, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Isfahan, Plant Protection Research Department, Isfahan, Iran. | ||
| 4Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali–e–Asr University, Rafsanjan, Iran. | ||
| 5Professor, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari, AREEO, Iran. | ||
| 6Assistant Professor, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hem.: Aleyrodidae), is one of the most important pests of vegetables and ornamental plants. In this study, the lethal and sublethal effects of essential oils from five medicinal plants, including Thyme (Thymus daenensis) at concentrations of 16, 31, 62.5, 125, and 250 ppm; Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and Peppermint (Mentha piperita) at 81.25, 162.5, 325, 750, and 1500 ppm; Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) at 125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm; and Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) at 162.5, 325, 750, 1500, and 3000 ppm, were evaluated on different developmental stages of the insect, including nymphs and adults, in lab and greenhouse conditions. For this purpose, a whitefly colony was reared on eggplant plants. The insecticidal activity of the essential oils was evaluated using a completely randomized design with five concentrations; fixed by preliminary tests, on adult insects of the same age. To examine the effects of the essential oils on immature stages in the laboratory, leaves infested with nymphs were immersed for 5 seconds in the different concentrations of each essential oil as well as in the control solution (distilled water + 2% Tween 80). The leaves were then air–dried for three hours and subsequently kept in leaf cages for one week until the emergence of adults. During this period, the number of emerged adults recorded. One day old adults emerged from the treatments released onto eggplant plants leaf cages. After two weeks, the adults removed, and the number of eggs and nymphs recorded. Laboratory results indicated that the highest and lowest efficacy percentages obtained with Rosemary oil at 3000 ppm (97.59 ± 1.11) and 750 ppm (97.59 ± 1.11), and with Thyme at 250 ppm (37.58 ± 14.18), respectively. Greenhouse evaluations revealed that all tested essential oils had significant effects on oviposition, nymphal emergence, and population reduction of the whitefly. Among treatments, the lowest and highest mean oviposition per female were recorded in Chamomile (0.15 ± 0.048) and Rosemary (2.35 ± 0.14), respectively. Similarly, the lowest and highest nymphal emergence observed in Thyme (0.18 ± 0.01) and Chamomile (3.90 ± 0.47), respectively. In overall assessment, Yarrow oil showed the lowest effect on population reduction (0.57 ± 0.27), whereas Chamomile oil exhibited the highest (3.90 ± 0.45), though the difference was not statistically significant. According to these findings, the evaluated essential oils possess significant potential for control of T. vaporariorum, with safe and eco–friendly properties in IPM. programs. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Bioassay; herbal extract; efficacy of pesticides; Integrated Pest Management; botanical insecticides | ||
| References | ||
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