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بررسی اثرات کشندگی و زیرکشندگی اسانس پنج گیاه داروئی روی سفیدبالک گلخانه ( Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hem.: Aleyrodidae در شرایط آزمایشگاه و گلخانه | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاهپزشکی | ||
| دوره 12، شماره 1، شهریور 1403، صفحه 99-112 اصل مقاله (535.17 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2025.370361.396 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| نجمه کیانپور1؛ حسنعلی واحدی* 2؛ محمد رضا باقری3؛ محمد امین سمیع4؛ زریر سعیدی5؛ زهره امامیبیستگانی6 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران. | ||
| 3استادیار، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، اصفهان، ایران. | ||
| 4استاد، گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران. | ||
| 5استاد، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، ایران. | ||
| 6استادیار، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سفیدبالک گلخانه Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hem: Aleyrodidae) یکی از آفات مهم در سبزیجات و گیاهان زینتی به شمار میرود. در این پژوهش، اثرات کشندگی و زیرکشندگی اسانسهای پنج گیاه دارویی شامل آویشن دنایی (Thymus daenensis) در غلظتهای 16، 31، 25، 62/5، 125 و ppm 250، بابونه (Matricaria chamomilla) و نعناع فلفلی (Mentha piperita)در غلظتهای 81/25، 162/5، 325، 750 و ppm 1500، بومادران (Achillea millefolium) در غلظتهای 125، 250، 500، 1000 و ppm 2000 و رزماری (Rosmarinus officinalis) در غلظتهای 162/5، 325، 750، 1500 و ppm 3000 بر مراحل مختلف رشدی سفیدبالک گلخانه، شامل حشرات کامل و پورهها، در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و گلخانهای بررسی شد. به این منظور کلنی سفیدبالک روی گیاه بادمجان پرورش داده شد. اثر حشرهکشی اسانسها در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و در پنج غلظت مختلف که با آزمایشهای مقدماتی تعیین شده بود، روی حشرات کامل همسن ارزیابی شد. بهمنظور بررسی تاثیر اسانسها بر مرحله نابالغ آفت در شرایط آزمایشگاهی، برگ های گیاه آلوده به پورهها بهمدت ۵ ثانیه در غلظتهای مختلف اسانس گیاهان مورد نظر و شاهد (محلول آب مقطر+ 2درصد توئین 80) غوطهور شده و سپس بهمدت سه ساعت در هوای آزاد خشک و بهدنبال آن بهمدت یک هفته در قفسهای برگی نگهداری شدند تا بالغین ظاهر شوند. در این مدت، تعداد حشرات بالغ شمارش و ثبت شد. حشرات بالغ یک روزه سفیدبالک خارج شده در تیمارهای مختلف روی گیاهان بادمجان در گلخانه و در قفس های برگی رهاسازی و پس از دو هفته حشرات بالغ حذف و تعداد تخم گذاشته شده و پوره های خارج شده از تخم شمارش و ثبت شد. نتایج در آزمایشگاه نشان داد که بیشترین و کمترین درصد کارایی بهترتیب در اسانس رزماری با غلظتهایppm 3000 (97/59±1/11) و ppm 750 (97/59±1/11) و اسانس آویشن با غلظت ppm 250 (37/58±14 /18) مشاهده شد. بررسیها در گلخانه، حاکی از آن بود که همه اسانسهای آزمایششده دارای اثرات معنیدار بر تخمریزی، پورهزایی و در نهایت کاهش کل جمعیت سفیدبالک بودند. در میان تیمارها، کمترین و بیشترین میانگین تخمریزی بهازای هر ماده، به ترتیب در تیمارهای بابونه (0/048±0/15) و رزماری (0/14 ±2/35) ثبت شد. همچنین کمترین و بیشترین پورهزایی به ترتیب در اسانس آویشن (0/01 ±0/18) و بابونه ( 0/47 ±3/90) مشاهده شد. در ارزیابی کلی، اسانس بومادران کمترین (0/27 ±0/57) و اسانس بابونه بدون اینکه اختلاف معنی دار باشد، بیشترین (0/45 ±3/90) اثر کاهشدهنده بر جمعیت آفت را داشتند. با توجه به یافتههای این پژوهش، اسانسهای گیاهی مورد بررسی می توانند دارای پتانسیل مناسبی در کنترل سفیدبالک گلخانه بوده و بهعنوان ترکیبات ایمن و سازگار با محیط زیست در چارچوب مدیریت تلفیقی این آفت مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| زیست سنجی؛ عصارهی گیاهی؛ کارایی سموم؛ مدیریت تلفیقی آفات؛ حشره کش های گیاهی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The evaluation of lethal and sublethal effects of essential oils from five medicinal plants on the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hem.: Aleyrodidae)) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Najmeh Kianpour1؛ Hassan Ali Vahedi2؛ Mohammad Reza Bagheri3؛ Mohammad Amin Samih4؛ Zarir Saeidi5؛ Zohre Emami Bistgani6 | ||
| 1Ph.D. student, Associate professor, Department of Plant Protection, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate professor, Department of Plant Protection, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Isfahan, Plant Protection Research Department, Isfahan, Iran. | ||
| 4Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali–e–Asr University, Rafsanjan, Iran. | ||
| 5Professor, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari, AREEO, Iran. | ||
| 6Assistant Professor, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hem.: Aleyrodidae), is one of the most important pests of vegetables and ornamental plants. In this study, the lethal and sublethal effects of essential oils from five medicinal plants, including Thyme (Thymus daenensis) at concentrations of 16, 31, 62.5, 125, and 250 ppm; Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and Peppermint (Mentha piperita) at 81.25, 162.5, 325, 750, and 1500 ppm; Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) at 125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm; and Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) at 162.5, 325, 750, 1500, and 3000 ppm, were evaluated on different developmental stages of the insect, including nymphs and adults, in lab and greenhouse conditions. For this purpose, a whitefly colony was reared on eggplant plants. The insecticidal activity of the essential oils was evaluated using a completely randomized design with five concentrations; fixed by preliminary tests, on adult insects of the same age. To examine the effects of the essential oils on immature stages in the laboratory, leaves infested with nymphs were immersed for 5 seconds in the different concentrations of each essential oil as well as in the control solution (distilled water + 2% Tween 80). The leaves were then air–dried for three hours and subsequently kept in leaf cages for one week until the emergence of adults. During this period, the number of emerged adults recorded. One day old adults emerged from the treatments released onto eggplant plants leaf cages. After two weeks, the adults removed, and the number of eggs and nymphs recorded. Laboratory results indicated that the highest and lowest efficacy percentages obtained with Rosemary oil at 3000 ppm (97.59 ± 1.11) and 750 ppm (97.59 ± 1.11), and with Thyme at 250 ppm (37.58 ± 14.18), respectively. Greenhouse evaluations revealed that all tested essential oils had significant effects on oviposition, nymphal emergence, and population reduction of the whitefly. Among treatments, the lowest and highest mean oviposition per female were recorded in Chamomile (0.15 ± 0.048) and Rosemary (2.35 ± 0.14), respectively. Similarly, the lowest and highest nymphal emergence observed in Thyme (0.18 ± 0.01) and Chamomile (3.90 ± 0.47), respectively. In overall assessment, Yarrow oil showed the lowest effect on population reduction (0.57 ± 0.27), whereas Chamomile oil exhibited the highest (3.90 ± 0.45), though the difference was not statistically significant. According to these findings, the evaluated essential oils possess significant potential for control of T. vaporariorum, with safe and eco–friendly properties in IPM. programs. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Bioassay, herbal extract, efficacy of pesticides, Integrated Pest Management, botanical insecticides | ||
| مراجع | ||
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