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براتی زانیانی, مرضیه, حسین پور, علی رضا, صالحی, محمد حسن, جعفری, اعظم. (1404). پویایی پتاسیم خاک و ارتباط آن با کانی‌شناسی رس‌ها در خاک‌های زراعی دشت دامنه‌ای شهرکرد. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 39(3), 287-302. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2025.370593.786
مرضیه براتی زانیانی; علی رضا حسین پور; محمد حسن صالحی; اعظم جعفری. "پویایی پتاسیم خاک و ارتباط آن با کانی‌شناسی رس‌ها در خاک‌های زراعی دشت دامنه‌ای شهرکرد". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 39, 3, 1404, 287-302. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2025.370593.786
براتی زانیانی, مرضیه, حسین پور, علی رضا, صالحی, محمد حسن, جعفری, اعظم. (1404). 'پویایی پتاسیم خاک و ارتباط آن با کانی‌شناسی رس‌ها در خاک‌های زراعی دشت دامنه‌ای شهرکرد', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 39(3), pp. 287-302. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2025.370593.786
براتی زانیانی, مرضیه, حسین پور, علی رضا, صالحی, محمد حسن, جعفری, اعظم. پویایی پتاسیم خاک و ارتباط آن با کانی‌شناسی رس‌ها در خاک‌های زراعی دشت دامنه‌ای شهرکرد. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1404; 39(3): 287-302. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2025.370593.786

پویایی پتاسیم خاک و ارتباط آن با کانی‌شناسی رس‌ها در خاک‌های زراعی دشت دامنه‌ای شهرکرد

پژوهش های خاک
مقاله 4، دوره 39، شماره 3، آذر 1404، صفحه 287-302    اصل مقاله (1.65 M)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijsr.2025.370593.786
نویسندگان
مرضیه براتی زانیانی* 1؛ علی رضا حسین پور1؛ محمد حسن صالحی1؛ اعظم جعفری2
1گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.
2گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران.
چکیده
شناسایی انواع کانی‌های رسی در خاک از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است، زیرا نقش تعیین‌کننده‌ای در پویایی پتاسیم و توانایی خاک در تأمین این عنصر برای گیاهان ایفا می‌کند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی رابطه بین شکل‌های مختلف پتاسیم (محلول، تبادلی و غیرتبادلی) و مقدار پتاسیم غیرتبادلی آزاد شده به‌عنوان تابعی از کانی‌شناسی رس، در خاک‌های زراعی انجام شد. بدین منظور، 15 نمونه خاک براساس تنوع در مقدار پتاسیم تبادلی، پتاسیم غیر‌تبادلی، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی و درصد رس، از عمق 30- 0 سانتی‌متری خاک­های زراعی دشت دامنه‌ای شهرکرد جمع­آوری شد. ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک، شکل‌های مختلف پتاسیم، مقدار آزادسازی پتاسیم غیرتبادلی پس از 2017 ساعت به روش عصاره‌گیری متوالی و ترکیب کانی‌های رسی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که دامنه تغییرات مقدار پتاسیم محلول، تبادلی و غیرتبادلی، به‌ترتیب؛ 99/7 - 11/5، 612/7 - 108/5 و 2065 - 491 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم بود. مقدار پتاسیم غیرتبادلی آزاد شده پس از 2017 ساعت نیز در دامنه، 479/0 - 225/5 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم متغیر بود. کانی‌های غالب خاک، شامل؛ میکاها، کلریت‌ها، کائولینیت، اسمکتیت‌ها، کوارتز و کانی مختلط میکاها-کلریت‌ها بودند که از نظر مقدار نسبی تفاوت‌هایی با یکدیگر داشتند. در خاک‌هایی با مقدار رس و سیلت مشابه، تفاوت در رفتار آزادسازی پتاسیم عمدتاً ناشی از نوع و نسبت کانی‌های رسی است. فراوانی شکل‌های مختلف پتاسیم رابطه معناداری با برخی ویژگی‌های خاک داشت؛ غلظت پتاسیم محلول، غیرتبادلی و مقدار پتاسیم غیرتبادلی آزاد شده پس از 2017 ساعت، با قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی همبستگی مثبت داشت (به‌ترتیب؛ **0/54=r، **0/45=r و **0/25=r)، پتاسیم محلول و غیرتبادلی با ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی همبستگی منفی (به‌ترتیب؛ *0/18-=r و *0/26-=r)، پتاسیم محلول با ماده آلی همبستگی مثبت (*0/21=r) و پتاسیم تبادلی با کربنات کلسیم معادل همبستگی منفی (**0/34-=r) داشت. شکل‌های مختلف پتاسیم و مقدار پتاسیم غیرتبادلی آزاد شده پس از 2017 ساعت با مقدار کل رس همبستگی معنی‌داری نداشتند، که نشان می‌دهد دینامیک پتاسیم در این خاک‌ها بیش از آنکه تحت تأثیر میزان رس باشد، تحت تأثیر نوع و ترکیب کانی‌های رسی قرار دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
اسمکتیت‌ها؛ پتاسیم تبادلی؛ پتاسیم غیرتبادلی؛ دشت دامنه‌ای؛ میکا‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Soil Potassium Dynamics and its Relationship with Clay Mineralogy in Agricultural Soils of Shahrekord Piedmont Plain
نویسندگان [English]
Marzieh Barati Zanyani1؛ Alireza Hossienpur1؛ Mohammad Hasan Salehi1؛ Azam Jafari2
1Department of Soil Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord,Iran.|
2Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. Kerman, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Background and Objectives: The identification of the type and composition of clay minerals in soil is of particular importance, as these minerals play a fundamental role in potassium dynamics and in the soil’s capacity to supply this essential element to plants. Clay minerals can influence the uptake, retention, and release of potassium, and therefore play a crucial role in fertilization management and in maintaining soil fertility. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between different forms of soil potassium, including soluble, exchangeable, and non-exchangeable potassium, as well as the amount of released non-exchangeable potassium, in relation to the clay mineral composition of agricultural soils.
 
Materials and Methods: Fifteen soil samples were collected from the 0–30 cm depth of agricultural soils in the Shahrekord Piedmont Plain, based on variations in exchangeable potassium, non-exchangeable potassium, cation exchange capacity, and clay content. The physical and chemical properties of the soils were analyzed. In addition, the exchangeable potassium of the soils was determined using 1 N ammonium acetate, and the non-exchangeable potassium was determined using 1 M boiling nitric acid. The amount of non-exchangeable potassium released after 2,017 hours was measured using the sequential extraction method with 0.01 M calcium chloride (CaCl₂). The composition of clay minerals was examined. The clay samples were saturated with potassium and magnesium, and to identify the types of clay minerals, Mg, Mg–ethylene glycol, Mg–glycerol, K, and K-heated treatments at 110, 350, and 550 °C were analyzed using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument.
 

 



Results: The results showed that the range of soluble, exchangeable, and non-exchangeable potassium concentrations was 11.5–99.7, 108.5–612.7, and 491–2065 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The range of non-exchangeable potassium released after 2017 hours varied from 225.5 to 479.0 mg kg⁻¹. The dominant soil minerals included: micas, chlorites, kaolinite, smectites, quartz, and a small amount of mixed mica–chlorite minerals, with variations in their relative abundances. In soils with similar clay and silt contents, differences in potassium release behavior are mainly attributed to the type and proportion of clay minerals. Soils with the lowest levels of exchangeable and non-exchangeable potassium exhibited the highest non-exchangeable potassium release, whereas soils with high non-exchangeable potassium content showed a lower release percentage. The results showed that different forms of potassium had significant relationships with certain soil properties. Soluble and non-exchangeable potassium, as well as the cumulative amount of non-exchangeable potassium released after 2017 hours, were positively correlated with electrical conductivity (r = 0.54**, r = 0.45**, r = 0.25**); soluble and non-exchangeable potassium were negatively correlated with cation exchange capacity (r = -0.18* , r = -0.26*); soluble potassium was positively correlated with organic matter (r = 0.21*); and exchangeable potassium was negatively correlated with calcium carbonate equivalent (r = -0.34**). The different forms of potassium and the amount of non-exchangeable potassium released after 2017 hours showed no significant correlation with the total clay content. Moreover, different forms of potassium and the amount of non-exchangeable potassium released after 2017 hours showed no significant correlation with total clay content, indicating that potassium dynamics in these soils are influenced more by the type and composition of clay minerals than by the clay content itself.
 
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that potassium dynamics in the agricultural soils of the Shahrekord Piedmont are primarily influenced by the type and composition of clay minerals. In other words, the quantity and rate of non-exchangeable potassium release in soils depend more on the abundance and type of potassium-bearing minerals, such as micas and smectites, rather than on merely the total clay content. Soils with high smectite content exhibited faster non-exchangeable potassium release, whereas mica-rich soils had high non-exchangeable potassium content but a lower release rate. These findings highlight the importance of understanding clay mineralogy and the different forms of potassium for designing optimal potassium fertilization programs. To meet crop potassium requirements and avoid excessive fertilizer application, it is necessary to consider not only exchangeable and non-exchangeable potassium levels but also the clay mineral composition and the behavior of potassium release.
 

 
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Available Potassium, Mica, Non-exchangeable Potassium, Piedmont Plain, Smectite
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