- Chatrou L.W., Erkens R.H., Richardson J.E., Saunders R.M., Fay M.F. The natural history of Annonaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2012;169(1):1-4.
- Ahmad F., Said S.A., Chakravarthi S., Norhidayah A., Mohamed B., Edros R.Z., Vejayan J. Comparison of three aphrodisiac plants (Eurycoma longifolia, Polyalthia bullata and Stema tuberosa) synonymous with Tongkat Ali. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research. 2023;7(5):3002-3008.
- Shinde P.K., Kokate R.H., Gawade G.S. Physicochemical, phytochemical, biological and chromatographic evaluation of Polyalthia longifolia plant leaves—a review. Research Journal of Science and Technology. 2023;15(1):41-48.
- Chen Y.C., Chia Y.C., Huang B.M. Phytochemicals from Polyalthia species: potential and implication on anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and chemoprevention activities. Molecules. 2021;26(17):5369.
- Afolabi S.O., Olorundare O.E., Babatunde A., Albrecht R.M., Koketsu M., Syed D.N., Mukhtar H. Polyalthia longifolia extract triggers ER stress in prostate cancer cells concomitant with induction of apoptosis: insights from in vitro and in vivo studies. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2019;2019. Article ID 9815024.
- Cheng M.F., Lin S.R., Tseng F.J., Huang Y.C., Tsai M.J., Fu Y.S., Weng C.F. The autophagic inhibition oral squamous cell carcinoma cancer growth of 16-hydroxy-cleroda-3,14-dine-15,16-olide. Oncotarget. 2017;8(45):78379-78394.
- Thiyagarajan V., Lin S.X., Lee CH., Weng C.F. A focal adhesion kinase inhibitor 16-hydroxy-cleroda-3,13-dien-16,15-olide incorporated into enteric-coated nanoparticles for controlled anti-glioma drug delivery. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2016;141:120-131.
- Duan X.Y., Guo K.Y., Lv D.J., Mei R.Q., Zhang M.D. Terpenes isolated from Polyalthia simiarum and their cytotoxic activities. Fitoterapia. 2020;147:104734.
- Ma X., Lee I.S., Chai H.B., Zaw K., Farnsworth N.R., Soejarto D.D., Kinghorn A.D. Cytotoxic clerodane diterpenes from Polyalthia barnesii. Phytochemistry. 1994;37(6):1659-1662.
- Wu Y.C., Duh C.Y., Wang S.K., Chen K.S., Yang TH. Two new natural azafluorene alkaloids and a cytotoxic aporphine alkaloid from Polyalthia longifolia. Journal of Natural Products. 1990;53(5):1327-1331.
- Bermejo A., Collado A., Barrachina I., Marqués P., El Aouad N., Franck X., et al. Polycerasoidol, a natural prenylated benzopyran with a dual PPARα/PPARγ agonist activity and anti-inflammatory effect. Journal of Natural Products. 2019;82(7):1802-1812.
- Chang F.R., Hwang T.L., Yang Y.L., Li C.E., Wu C.C., Issa H.H., et al. Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic diterpenes from Formosan Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula. Planta Medica. 2006;72(14):1344-1347.
- Nguyen H.T., Vu T.Y., Chandi V., Polimati H.., Tatipamula V.B. Dual COX and 5-LOX inhibition by clerodane diterpenes from seeds of Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thwaites. Scientific Reports. 2020;10(1):1-10.
- Gbedema S.Y., Bayor M.T., Annan K., Wright C.W. Clerodane diterpenes from Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn) Thw. var. pendula: potential antimalarial agents for drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum infection. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2015;169:176-182.
- Misra P., Sashidhara K.V., Singh S.P., Kumar A., Gupta R., Chaudhaery S.S., et al. 16α‐Hydroxycleroda‐3,13(14)Z‐dien‐15,16‐olide from Polyalthia longifolia: a safe and orally active antileishmanial agent. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2010;159(5):1143-1150.
- Ngantchou I., Nyasse B., Denier C., Blonski C., Hannaert V., Schneider B. Antitrypanosomal alkaloids from Polyalthia suaveolens (Annonaceae): their effects on three selected glycolytic enzymes of Trypanosoma brucei. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 2010;20(12):3495-3498.
- Kanokmedhakul S., Kanokmedhakul K., Kantikeaw I., Phonkerd N. 2-Substituted furans from the roots of Polyalthia evecta. Journal of Natural Products. 2006;69(1):68-72.
- Li H.Y., Sun N.J., Kashiwada Y., Sun L., Snider J.V., Cosentino L.M., Lee KH. Anti-AIDS agents, 9. Suberosol, a new C31 lanostane-type triterpene and anti-HIV principle from Polyalthia suberosa. Journal of Natural Products. 1993;56(7):1130-1133.
- Bhattacharya A.K., Chand H.R., John J., Deshpande M.V. Clerodane type diterpene as a novel antifungal agent from Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2015;94:1-7.
- Faizi S., Khan R.A., Azher S., Khan S.A., Tauseef S., Ahmad A. New antimicrobial alkaloids from the roots of Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula. Planta Medica. 2003;69(4):350-355.
- Kanokmedhakul S., Kanokmedhakul K., Lekphrom R. Bioactive constituents of the roots of Polyalthia cerasoides. Journal of Natural Products. 2007;70(9):1536-1538.
- Nandikolla A., Singireddi S., Banoth K.K., Murugesan S., Aggarwal H., Balaña-Fouce R., et al. Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel phenanthridine triazole analogs as potential antileishmanial agents. Future Medicinal Chemistry. 2022;14(12):867-880.
- Lee TH., Wang M.J., Chen P.Y., Wu T.Y., Wen W.C., Tsai F.Y., Lee C.K. Constituents of Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula. Journal of Natural Products. 2009;72(11):1960-1963.
- Chen Y.C., Chia Y.C., Huang B.M. Phytochemicals from Polyalthia species: potential and implication on anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and chemoprevention activities. Molecules. 2021;26(17):5369.
- Chanda S., Baravalia Y., Kaneria M. Protective effect of Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula leaves on ethanol and ethanol/HCl induced ulcer in rats and its antimicrobial potency. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. 2011;4(9):673-679.
- Gupta V.K., Tiwari N., Gupta P., Verma S., Pal A., Srivastava S.K., Darokar M.P. A clerodane diterpene from Polyalthia longifolia as a modifying agent of the resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Phytomedicine. 2016;23(6):654-661.
- Gupta V.K, Verma S., Pal A., Srivastava S.K., Srivastava P.K., Darokar M.P. In vivo efficacy and synergistic interaction of 16α-hydroxycleroda-3,13(14)Z-dien-15,16-olide, a clerodane diterpene from Polyalthia longifolia against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2013;97(20):9121-9131.
- Misra P., Sashidhara K.V., Singh S.P., Kumar A., Gupta R., Chaudhaery S.S., et al. 16α‐Hydroxycleroda‐3,13(14)Z‐dien‐15,16‐olide from Polyalthia longifolia: a safe and orally active antileishmanial agent. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2010;159(5):1143-1150.
- Thiyagarajan V., Sivalingam K.S., Viswanadha V.P., Weng C.F. 16-hydroxy-cleroda-3,13-dien-16,15-olide induced glioma cell autophagy via ROS generation and activation of p38 MAPK and ERK-1/2. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. 2016;45:202-211.
- Huang P.K., Lin S.R., Riyaphan J., Fu Y.S., Weng C.F. Polyalthia clerodane diterpene potentiates hypoglycemia via inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019;20(3):530.
- Liu C., Lee W.C., Huang B.M., Chia Y.C., Chen Y.C., Chen Y.C. 16-Hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide inhibits proliferation and induces mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis through Akt, mTOR, and MEK-ERK pathways in human renal carcinoma cells. Phytomedicine. 2017;36:95-107.
- Lin Y.H., Lee C.C., Chan W.L., Chang W.H., Wu Y.C., Chang J.G. 16-Hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide deregulates PI3K and Aurora B activities that involve in cancer cell apoptosis. Toxicology. 2011;285(1-2):72-80.
- Kamarul Zaman M.A., Azzeme A.M., Ramle I.K., Normanshah N., Ramli S.N., Shaharuddin N.A., et al. Induction, multiplication, and evaluation of antioxidant activity of Polyalthia bullata callus, a woody medicinal plant. Plants. 2020;9(12):1772.
- Kooti W., Farokhipour M., Asadzadeh Z., Ashtary-Larky D., Asadi-Samani M. The role of medicinal plants in the treatment of diabetes: a systematic review. Electron Physician. 2016;8(1):1832.
- Turner I.M. Annonaceae of the Asia-Pacific region: names, types and distributions. Gard Bull Singapore. 2018;70(1):409-744.
- Rehman S.U., Choe K., Yoo H.H. Review on a traditional herbal medicine, Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Tongkat Ali): its traditional uses, chemistry, evidence-based pharmacology, and toxicology. Molecules. 2016;21(3):331.
- Chee B.J., Nik Musaadah M. Men’s health: Tongkat Ali Hitam (Polyalthia bullata). Malaysian Herbal Heritage, Forest Research Institute Malaysia. 2013; 60-61.
- Katkar K.V., Suthar A.C., Chauhan V.S. The chemistry, pharmacologic, and therapeutic applications of Polyalthia longifolia. Pharmacognosy Reviews. 2010;4(7):62-68.
- Richomme P., Godet M.C., Foussard F., Toupet L., Sévenet T., Bruneton J. A novel leishmanicidal labdane from Polyalthia macropoda. Planta Medica. 1991;57(6):552-554.
- Hasan C.M., Hossain M.A., Rashid M.A. Clerodane diterpenoids from Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 1995;23(3):331-332.
- Dashora A., Rathore K., Raj S., Sharma K. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles employing Polyalthia longifolia leaf extract and their in vitro antifungal activity against phytopathogen. Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports. 2022;31:101320.
- World Health Organization. Leishmaniasis [Fact sheet]. 2025. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leishmaniasis
- De Araujo M.V., David C.C., Neto J.C., de Oliveira L.A., da Silva K.C.J., Dos Santos J.M., et al. Evaluation on the leishmanicidal activity of 2-N,N′-dialkylamino-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives. Experimental Parasitology. 2017;176:46-51.
- Ullah N., Nadhman A., Siddiq S., Mehwish S., Islam A., Jafri L., Hamayun M. Plants as antileishmanial agents: current scenario. Phytotherapy Research. 2016;30(12):1905-1925
- Qiao Y., Khutsishvili M., Alizade V., Atha D., Borris R.P. Labdane and abietane diterpenoids from Juniperus oblonga and their cytotoxic activity. Molecules. 2019;24(8):1561.
- Richomme P., Godet M.C., Foussard F., Toupet L, Sévenet T, Bruneton J. A novel leishmanicidal labdane from Polyalthia macropoda. Planta Medica. 1991;57(6):552-554.
- Sashidhara K.V., Shukla R., Misra P., et al. Antileishmanial and antimicrobial clerodane diterpenes from Polyalthia longifolia. Planta Medica. 2013;79(13):PN16. doi:10.1055/s-0033-1352122.
- Dixit P., Mishra T., Pal M.A.H.E.SH., Rana T.S., Upreti D.K. Polyalthia longifolia and its pharmacological activities. International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific. 2014;2:17-25.
- Fazlin A.S.M., Ahmad Z., Lim H.H. Compendium of Medicinal Plants Used in Malaysia. Vol. 2, Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research. 2002.
- Tavares GdS V., Mendonça D.V.C., Lage D.P., Granato J.T.d.T., Ottoni F.M., Ludolf F., et al. Antileishmanial activity, cytotoxicity and mechanism of action of clioquinol against Leishmania infantum and Leishmania amazonensis species. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. 2018;123(3):236–46. doi:10.1111/bcpt.12990.
- Shang X.F., Morris‐Natschke S.L., Yang G.Z., Liu Y.Q., Guo X., Xu X.S., et al. Biologically active quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids part II. Medicinal Research Reviews. 2018;38(5):1614-1660.
- Liu B., Wang L., Chen G., Han C., Wang J. Isolation and crystal structure of marcanine A from Polyalthia plagioneura. Molecules. 2010;15(9):6349-6356.
- Misra P., Sashidhara K.V., Singh S.P., Kumar A., Gupta R., Chaudhaery S.S., et al. 16α‐Hydroxycleroda‐3,13(14)Z‐dien‐15,16‐olide from Polyalthia longifolia: a safe and orally active antileishmanial agent. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2010;159(5):1143-1150.
- Mohamad M., Mohsin H.F., Singh G.K.S. A study on the effect of Eurycoma longifolia and Polyalthia bullata on reproductive organs and androgens of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Journal of Engineering and Applied Science. 2017;12(5):6994-6999.
- Connolly J.D., Haque M.E., Kadir A.A. Two 7,7′-bisdehydroaporphine alkaloids from Polyalthia bullata. Phytochemistry. 1996;43(1):295-297.
- Lim PH. Asian herbals and aphrodisiacs used for managing ED. Transl Androl Urol. 2017;6(2):167-175.
- Osterberg EC, Bernie AM, Ramasamy R. Risks of testosterone replacement therapy in men. Indian Journal of Urology. 2014;30(1):2-6.
- Akseh S., Karimi M.A., Safaie N., Valizadeh A., Rahmanpour D., Pezeshkian M., et al. The serum levels of testosterone in coronary artery disease patients; relation to NO, eNOS, endothelin-1, and disease severity. Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation. 2022;43(1):55-61.
- Vejayan J., Yahya Y.A.C., Chakravarthi S., Ibrahim H., Yun A. Aphrodisiac potential of Polyalthia bullata (Tongkat Ali) in fowl. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction. 2021;10(2):75-82.
- Maggi M., Schulman C., Quinton R., Langham S., Uhl-Hochgraeber K. The burden of testosterone deficiency syndrome in adult men: economic and quality-of-life impact. The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2007;4(4):1056-1069.
- Corona G., Rastrelli G., Monami M., Guay A., Buvat J., Sforza A., et al. Hypogonadism as a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in men: a meta-analytic study. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2011;165(5):687-701.
- Traish A.M., Zitzmann M. The complex and multifactorial relationship between testosterone deficiency (TD), obesity and vascular disease. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 2015;16(3):249-268.
- Ding E.L., Song Y., Malik V.S., Liu S. Sex differences of endogenous sex hormones and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2006;295(11):1288-1296.
- Joshi D., Van Schoor N.M., De Ronde W., Schaap L.A., Comijs H.C., Beekman A.T., et al. Low free testosterone levels are associated with prevalence and incidence of depressive symptoms in older men. Clinical Endocrinology (Oxf). 2010;72(2):232-240.
- Chandrasekhar K., Kapoor J., Anishetty S. A prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine. 2012;34(3):255-262.
- Flanagan S.D., DuPont W.H., Caldwell L.K., Hardesty V.H., Barnhart E.C., Beeler M.K., et al. The effects of a Korean ginseng, GINST15, on hypo-pituitary-adrenal and oxidative activity induced by intense work stress. Journal of Medicinal Food. 2018;21(1):104-112.
- Kalshetti P.B., Alluri R., Mohan V., Thakurdesai P.A. Effects of 4-hydroxyisoleucine from fenugreek seeds on depression-like behavior in socially isolated olfactory bulbectomized rats. Pharmacognosy Magazine. 2015;11(Suppl 3):S375-380.
- Salve J., Pate S., Debnath K., Langade D. Adaptogenic and anxiolytic effects of ashwagandha root extract in healthy adults: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study. Cureus. 2019;11(12):e6466.
- Yun S.J., Bae G.S., Park J.H., Song TH., Choi A., Ryu B.Y., et al. Antioxidant effects of cultured wild ginseng root extracts on the male reproductive function of boars and guinea pigs. Animal Reproduction Science. 2016;170:51-60.
- Mohamad N.V., Wong S.K., Hasan W.N.W., Jolly J.J., Nur-Farhana M.F., Ima-Nirwana S., et al. The relationship between circulating testosterone and inflammatory cytokines in men. The Aging Male. 2018;21(2):1-7.
- Tostes R.C., Carneiro F.S., Carvalho M..H.C., Reckelhoff JF. Reactive oxygen species: players in the cardiovascular effects of testosterone. American Journal of Physiology Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2016;310(1):R1-14.
- Wang Y., Chen F., Ye L., Zirkin B., Chen H. Steroidogenesis in Leydig cells: effects of aging and environmental factors. Reproduction. 2017;154(4):R111-122.
- Olate V.R., Pertino M.W., Theoduloz C., Yesilada E., Monsalve F., González P., et al. New gastroprotective labdeneamides from (4S,9R,10R) methyl 18-carboxy-labda-8,13(E)-diene-15-oate. Planta Medica. 2012;78(4):362-367.
- Ong H.C., Azliza M.A. Medicinal plants for diabetes by the Orang Asli in Selangor, Malaysia. Studies on Ethno-Medicine. 2015;9(1):77-84.
- Sagbo I.J., van de Venter M., Koekemoer T., Bradley G. In vitro antidiabetic activity and mechanism of action of Brachylaena elliptica (Thunb.) DC. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2018;2018:Article ID 4170375.
- Hanhineva K., Törrönen R., Bondia-Pons I., Pekkinen J., Kolehmainen M., Mykkänen H., et al. Impact of dietary polyphenols on carbohydrate metabolism. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2010;11(4):1365-1402.
- Azliza M., Nazre M., Mohamad-Roslan M.K., Shamsul K. Characterization of riparian plant community in lowland forest of Peninsular Malaysia. International Journal of Botany. 2012;8(4):181-191.
- Kassim D.H.A., Raduan S.Z., Aziz M.A., Chelum A., Morni A.A.M., Wahab R.A. Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants used and its implication towards health-seeking behavior among the Melanau in Pulau Bruit, Sarawak, Malaysia. Journal of Advanced Research in Social and Behavioural. 2016;4(2):136-145.
- Huang P.K., Lin S.R., Riyaphan J., Fu Y.S., Weng C.F. Polyalthia clerodane diterpene potentiates hypoglycemia via inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019;20(3):530.
- Chen Y.C., Chia Y.C., Huang B.M. Phytochemicals from Polyalthia species: potential and implication on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and chemoprevention activities. Molecules. 2021;26(17):5369.
- Zakaria Z.A., Balan T., Suppaiah V., Ahmad S., Jamaludin F. Mechanism(s) of action involved in the gastroprotective activity of Muntingia calabura. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2014;151(3):1184-1193.
- Jiang D., Zhuang Q., Jia X., et al. Current complementary and alternative therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology Report. 2023;11:goad057.
- Olate V.R., Pertino M.W., Theoduloz C., Yesilada E., Monsalve F., González P., et al. New gastroprotective labdeneamides from (4S, 9R, 10R) methyl 18-carboxy-labda-8, 13(E)-diene-15-oate. Planta Medica. 2012;78(4):362-367.
- Schmeda-Hirschmann G., Rodríguez J.A., Theoduloz C., Valderrama J.A. Gastroprotective effect and cytotoxicity of labdeneamides with amino acids. Planta Medica. 2011;77(4):340-345.
- Sepúlveda B., Astudillo L., Rodríguez J.A., Yáñez T., Theoduloz C., Schmeda-Hirschmann G. Gastroprotective and cytotoxic effect of dehydroabietic acid derivatives. Pharmacological Research. 2005;52(5):429-437.
- Otuechere C.A., Adewuyi A., Salau T.B., Neupane N.P., Adebayo O.L., Egunjobi M., et al. Polyalthia longifolia: Redox potential of a cellulose nanocrystal derivative and ADMET predictions of selected compounds. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2022;40:102295.
- Zhu N., Hou J. Molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effects of Sophorae flavescentis Aiton identified by network pharmacology. Scientific Reports. 2021;11(1):1-15.
- Cai B., Gan X., He J., He W., Qiao Z., Ma B., et al. Morin attenuates cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation through inhibition of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. International Immunopharmacology. 2018;63:198-203.
- Natoli G., Chiocca S. Nuclear ubiquitin ligases, NF-κB degradation, and the control of inflammation. Science Signaling. 2008;1(1):pe1.
- Fadayomi I.E., Johnson-Ajinwo O.R., Pires E., McCullagh J.., Claridge T.D., Forsyth N.R., et al. Clerodane diterpenoids from an edible plant Justicia insularis: discovery, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis induction in human ovarian cancer cells. Molecules. 2021;26(19):5933.
- Farahmandfar R., Asnaashari M., Sayyad R. Comparison of antioxidant activity of Tarom Mahali rice bran extracted from different extraction methods and its effect on canola oil stabilization. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2015;52(10):6385-6394.
- Farhoosh R., Sharif A., Asnaashari M., Johnny S., Molaahmadibahraseman N. Temperature-dependent mechanism of antioxidant activity of o-hydroxyl, o-methoxy, and alkyl ester derivatives of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in fish oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 2016;93(4):555-567.
- Asnaashari M., Tajik R., Khodaparast M.H.H. Antioxidant activity of raspberry (Rubus fruticosus) leaves extract and its effect on oxidative stability of sunflower oil. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2015;52(8):5180-5187.
- Connolly J.D., Haque M.E., Kadir AA. Two 7,7′-bisdehydroaporphine alkaloids from Polyalthia bullata. Phytochemistry. 1996;43(1):295-297.
- Lavault M., Guinaudeau H., Bruneton J., Sevenet T., Hadi H.A. Thaipetaline, a tetrahydroprotoberberine from a Malayan Annonaceae. Phytochemistry. 1990;29(12):3845-3847.
- Hamonniere M., Leboeuf M., Cave A. Aporphine alkaloids of P. oliverii. Phytochemistry. 1977;16:1029-1034.
- Hamid A. HADI A. Phytochemical survey of Malaysian plants, Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 1991;49-52.
- Wu Y.C., Duh C.Y., Wang S.K.., Chen KS., Yang TH. Two new natural azafluorene alkaloids and a cytotoxic aporphine alkaloid from Polyalthia longifolia. Journal of Natural Products. 1990;53(5):1327-31.
- Huang X., Hao N., Wang Q., Li R., Zhang G., Chen G., et al. Non-food bioactive forest product liriodenine: Sources, chemistry, and bioactivities. Industrial Crops and Products. 2022;187:115447.
- Chakrabarty M., Nath A.C. A new clerodane-type butenolide diterpene from the bark of Polyalthia longifolia. Journal of Natural Products. 1992;55(2):256-258.
- Chakrabarty M., Patra A. Azafluorene and aporphine alkaloids from Polyalthia longifolia. Indian Journal of Chemistry -Section B (IJC-B). 1990;29:394-396.
- Zhao G., Jung J.H., Smith D.L., Wood K.V.., McLaughlin JL. Cytotoxic clerodane diterpenes from Polyalthia longifolia. Planta Medica. 1991;57(4):380-383.
- Phadnis A.P., Patwardhan S.A., Dhaneshwar N.N., Tavale SS, Row TNG. Clerodane diterpenoids from Polyalthia longifolia. Phytochemistry. 1988;27(9):2899-2901.
- Hara N., Asaki H., Fujimoto Y., Gupta Y.K., Singh A.K., Sahai M. Clerodane and ent-halimane diterpenes from Polyalthia longifolia. Phytochemistry. 1995 Jan;38(1):189–194. doi: 10.1016/0031-9422(94)00583-F
- Sari D.P., Ninomiya M., Efdi M., Santoni A., Ibrahim S., Tanaka K., et al. Clerodane diterpenes isolated from Polyalthia longifolia induce apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Journal of Oleo Science. 2013;62(10):843-848. doi:10.5650/jos.62.843.
- Loder J.W., Nearn R.H. Altholactone: a novel tetrahydrofur(3,2b)pyran-5-one from a Polyalthia species (Annonaceae). Heterocycles. 1977;7(1):113-118.
- Seetharaman T.R. Flavonoids from the leaves of Annona squamosa and Polyalthia longifolia. Fitoterapia. 1986;57(3):189-198.
|