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تأثیر تنش شوری و اسید سالیسیلیک بر خصوصیات رشدی و محتویات رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی گیاه همیشه‌بهار | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 41، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 125، مهر 1404، صفحه 431-442 اصل مقاله (759.7 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2025.367146.3479 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ساناز رجبی خمسه* 1؛ محمود بهادر2؛ حسین صفی خانی محمودزاده3؛ حبیب الله یوسفیان قهفرخی4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی سابق دانشگاه شهرکرد | ||
| 2هیات علمی سازمان تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی | ||
| 3دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد زراعت/ دانشگاه علوم کشاوری و منابع طبیعی خوزستان | ||
| 4دانشجوی سابق دکتری زراعت دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: گل همیشه‌بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) گیاهی دارویی و زینتی و متعلق به خانواده کاسنی بوده و از زمان‌های گذشته تاکنون از برگ، ریشه، گل و بذر آن (به دلیل داشتن ترکیبات مؤثره شامل فلاونوییدها، کاروتنوئیدها، استروئیدها، ترپنوئیدها، فنولیک‌اسیدها، موسیلاژها و ویتامین E) مورد استفاده قرار می‌گرفته است. تنش شوری یکی از عوامل مهم کاهش تولید گیاهان به‌ویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک به‌شمار می‌رود. هدف از اجرای این پژوهش، بررسی تأثیر محلول‌پاشی اسید اسید سالیسیلیک بر خصوصیات رشدی و محتویات رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی همیشه‌بهار در شرایط تنش شوری بود. مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار به صورت گلدانی در گلخانه پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل شوری (کلرید سدیم) در پنج سطح صفر، 50، 100، 150 و 200 میلی‌مولار به عنوان فاکتور اول و محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک در سه سطح صفر، یک و دو میلی‌مولار به عنوان فاکتور دوم در نظر گرفته شد. کاشت در تاریخ دهم آذرماه سال 1392 در گلدان‌هایی به ابعاد cm25 cm ×25 انجام شد. هر گلدان دارای چهار بوته و به‌صورت دو روز یکبار به میزان 200 میلیلیتر آبیاری می‌شدند. برای تیمار صفر میلی‌مولار از آب مقطر استفاده شد. اعمال تنش شوری از مرحله چهار برگی آغاز شد. محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک در دو مرحله در زمان چهار برگی گیاه انجام گردید. برای عمل بهارهسازی، گلدانها در خارج از گلخانه قرار گرفتند. برداشت در دهم اسفندماه، در مرحله گلدهی کامل انجام شد. پس از برداشت گیاهان، ارتفاع، تعدادگل، وزن خشک گل، وزن خشک اندام هوایی، مقادیر رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی، محتوای نسبی آب برگ و میزان نشت الکترولیت اندازه‌گیری شد. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌های حاصل از این بررسی از نرم‌افزار SAS استفاده گردید. نتایج: نتایج نشان داد محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک تأثیر معنیدار مثبتی بر ارتفاع، وزن خشک بوته، تعداد گل، وزن خشک گل، مقادیر کلروفیل‌های a، b، کاروتنوئیدها، محتوای رطوبت نسبی برگ و میزان نشت الکترولیت‌ها داشت. بیشترین مقادیر این صفات (بجز میزان نشت الکترولیت‌ها) در تیمار محلول‌پاشی یک میلی‌مولار اسید سالیسیلیک و شوری شاهد حاصل شد. کمترین آنها مربوط به تیمار صفر میلی‌مولار اسید سالیسیلیک و شوری 200 میلی‌مولار بود، به‌طوری‌که در این تیمار کاهش 193.3% ارتفاع، 70.8% وزن خشک بوته، 332% تعداد گل، 430% وزن خشک گل، 186.7% مقدار کلروفیل a، 216.7% مقدار کلروفیل b، 185.7% مقدار کاروتنوئیدها و 215.9% محتوای رطوبت نسبی برگ نسبت به تیمارهای محلول‌پاشی یک میلی‌مولار در شوری صفر وجود داشت. کمترین میزان نشت الکترولیت‌ها متعلق به تیمارهای یک و دو میلی‌مولار اسید سالیسیلیک و آبیاری با آب مقطر بود که از کاهش 481.5% نسبت به تیمار بدون محلول‌پاشی و سطح شوری 200 میلی‌مولار برخوردار بود. نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طورکلی، محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک اثرهای شوری را تا حدودی خنثی کرد و تا سطح شوری 100 میلی‌مولار تأثیر قابل قبولی بر صفات مورد بررسی داشت. از بین تیمارهای اسید سالیسیلیک در بیشتر صفات مورد بررسی، محلول‌پاشی یک میلی‌مولار بیشترین تأثیر را در بهبود اثرهای تنش داشت، به‌گونه‌ای که بیشترین مقادیر در صفات مورد بررسی متعلق به این تیمار بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تنظیم‌کننده رشد؛ کاسنی؛ کلروفیل؛ گیاهان دارویی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of salinity and salicylic acid on growth characteristics and photosynthetic pigments of Calendula officinalis L. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Sanaz Rajabi Khamseh1؛ Mahmoud Bahador2؛ Hossein Safikhani Mahmoudzadeh3؛ Habib Yousefian4 | ||
| 1Former PhD student of Shahrekord university | ||
| 2Assistant professor at areeo | ||
| 3Former Msc student of Agronomy/ Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan | ||
| 4Former PhD student of Agronomy/ Sari Agriculture and Natural Resources University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and Objectives: Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is a medicinal and ornamental herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. Since ancient times, it has been valued for its leaves, roots, flowers, and seeds, owing to the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, carotenoids, steroids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, mucilages, and vitamin E. Salinity stress is among the most critical factors limiting plant production, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid on the growth characteristics and photosynthetic pigment content of marigold under saline conditions. Methodology: This experiment was conducted as a factorial arrangement within a completely randomized design, with three replications, in pots at the research greenhouse of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari. The treatments included salinity (sodium chloride) at five levels (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 millimolar) as the first factor, and foliar application of salicylic acid at three levels (0, 1, and 2 millimolar) as the second factor. Planting was carried out on December 1, 2013, in pots measuring 25 cm × 25 cm, each containing four plants and irrigated with 200 milliliters every two days. Distilled water was used for the zero-millimolar treatment. Salinity stress was initiated at the four-leaf stage. Foliar application of salicylic acid was performed twice during the four-leaf stage. To facilitate acclimatization, the pots were placed outdoors before the experiment. Harvesting was conducted on February 28 at the full flowering stage. After harvest, measurements included plant height, the number of flowers, the dry weight of flowers, the dry weight of aerial parts, photosynthetic pigments, the relative water content of leaves, and electrolyte leakage. Data analysis was performed using SAS software. Results: The results indicated that foliar application of salicylic acid significantly improved plant height, dry weight of shoots, number of flowers, dry weight of flowers, chlorophyll a and b content, carotenoid levels, relative leaf water content, and electrolyte leakage. The highest values for these traits (excluding electrolyte leakage) were obtained with one mM salicylic acid treatment under control (0 mM) salinity. The lowest values were recorded in 0 mM salicylic acid and 200 mM salinity treatment, showing reductions of 193.3% in plant height, 70.8% in shoot dry weight, 332% in number of flowers, 430% in flower dry weight, 186.7% in chlorophyll a, 216.7% in chlorophyll b, 185.7% in carotenoids, and 215.9% in relative leaf water content compared to 1 mM salicylic acid treatment at zero salinity. The lowest electrolyte leakage occurred in treatments with 1 and 2 mM salicylic acid and irrigation with distilled water, representing a 481.5% reduction compared with the non-sprayed treatment at 200 mM salinity. Conclusion: In general, foliar application of salicylic acid partially alleviated the adverse effects of salinity and had a significant positive influence on the evaluated traits up to a salinity level of 100 mM. Among the salicylic acid treatments, the one mM concentration exerted the highest effect in reducing stress impact, producing the highest values for the measured traits. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| growth regulator, chicory, chlorophyll, medicinal plants | ||
| مراجع | ||
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