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اثر نقاط کوانتومی کربن بر رشد، میزان و ترکیبات اسانس Mentha suaveolens × piperita تحت شرایط تنش کم‌آبی | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 41، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 125، مهر 1404، صفحه 411-430 اصل مقاله (1.07 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2025.366587.3463 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد حقانی نیا؛ عبدالله جوانمرد* ؛ زهرا قربانی؛ محمدرضا مرشدلو؛ کریم کاکایی | ||
| دانشگاه مراغه | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: نعناع گریپ‌فروتی، با نام علمی Mentha suaveolens × piperita، یکی از گیاهان دارویی باارزش است که به خانواده نعناعیان (Lamiaceae) تعلق دارد. علاوه بر این، خشکی یکی از مهمترین عوامل محدودکننده رشد گیاهان در سراسر جهان و شایع‌ترین تنش محیطی است که از طریق ایجاد اختلال در تعادل بین گونه‌های فعال اکسیژن و فعالیت‌های دفاعی آنتی‌اکسیدانی، موجب تنش اکسیداتیو می‌گردد. نانوتکنولوژی راهبرد مدرنی است که نشان داده می‌تواند مقاومت گیاهان را در برابر تنش خشکی افزایش دهد. نقاط کوانتومی کربن یکی از این نانو مواد می‌باشد که در سال 2004 کشف شد که به عنوان یک نانو مواد جدید با اندازه کوچک‌تر از 10 نانومتر هستند و در مقایسه با سایر نانو مواد مبتنی بر فلز، نانو موادی مبتنی بر کربن بوده که سمیت کمتر و زیست‌سازگاری بالاتری به دلیل ساختار کربنی از خود نشان می‌دهند و به دلیل این ویژگی‌های منحصربه‌فرد در سال‌های اخیر کانون توجه بسیاری از پژوهشگران بوده است. بنابراین، این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی اثر نقاط کوانتومی کربن بر رشد، میزان و ترکیبات اسانس نعناع گریپ‌فروتی (Mentha suaveolens × piperita) در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی اجرا شد. مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 4 تکرار به صورت گلدانی در بهار و تابستان 1402 در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه مراغه- آذربایجان‌شرقی انجام شد. فاکتور اول شامل آبیاری در 90 درصد ظرفیت زراعی به عنوان شاهد (آبیاری نرمال)، آبیاری در 70 درصد ظرفیت زراعی (تنش متوسط) و آبیاری در 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی (تنش شدید) و فاکتور دوم شامل سطوح مختلف نقاط کوانتومی کربن (0، 5، 10، 15 و 20 پی‌پی‌ام) بود. در نهایت، داده‌های حاصل از نمونه‌برداری‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SAS مورد تجزیه واریانس قرار گرفته و مقایسه میانگین‌های صفات به روش آزمون حداقل تفاوت معنی‌دار در سطح پنج درصد انجام شد. نتایج: تجزیه واریانس صفات نشان داد که اثر رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری، تیمارهای کودی و اثر متقابل آنها بر روی کلیه صفات اندازه‌گیری شده معنی‌دار بود. نتایج نشان داد استفاده از 15 پی‌پی‌ام نقاط کوانتومی کربن در شرایط آبیاری نرمال وزن تر، وزن خشک، محتوای کلروفیلa و کلروفیلb را نسبت به عدم مصرف در شرایط تنش خشکی شدید به ترتیب 110، 86، 184 و 163 درصد افزایش داد. علاوه بر این، محتوی و عملکرد اسانس در تنش متوسط با کاربرد 15 پی‌پی‌ام نقاط کوانتومی کربن به‌ترتیب 135 و 298 درصد نسبت به تنش شدید بدون کاربرد نقاط کوانتومی کربن افزایش یافتند. همچنین، بیشترین لینالیل استات با کاربرد تیمار 15 پی‌پی‌ام نقاط کوانتومی کربن در آبیاری 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی بدست آمد که در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد 1/50 درصد افزایش را نشان داد. علاوه بر این، بیشترین لینالول در آبیاری نرمال و با کاربرد 10 پی‌پی‌ام نقاط کوانتومی کربن ثبت شد که نسبت به تیمار عدم کاربرد نقاط کوانتومی کربن در شرایط آبیاری 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی 4/67 درصد افزایش یافت. علاوه بر این، کاربرد 15 پی‌پی‌ام نقاط کوانتومی کربن در شرایط آبیاری نرمال در مقایسه با عدم مصرف آن در شرایط تنش خشکی شدید، محتوای مالون‌دی‌آلدهید و پراکسید هیدروژن را به ترتیب 51 و 58 درصد کاهش داد. همچنین، در شرایط تنش ملایم استفاده از غلظت 15 پی‌پی‌ام نقاط کوانتومی کربن فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، گایاکول پراکسیداز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز را در مقایسه با عدم مصرف در شرایط نرمال به ترتیب 123، 111 و 72 درصد افزایش داد. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج بدست آمده از این تحقیق نشان داد که کاربرد نقاط کوانتومی کربن با غلظت 15 پی‌پی‌ام می‌تواند با تأثیر بر متابولیت‌های ثانویه و بالا بردن پارامترهای دفاعی مانند فعال کردن آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانتی و افزایش مقدار اسمولیت‌های سازگاری مانند پرولین و کربوهیدرات‌های محلول در آب موجب کاهش محتوای مالون‌دی‌آلدهید و پراکسید هیدروژن شده و به گیاه نعناع گریپ‌فروتی کمک کند تا سازگاری بیشتری در برابر خشکی داشته و در نهایت بهبود کمیت و کیفیت اسانس را به همراه داشته باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تنش خشکی؛ عملکرد اسانس؛ آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان؛ کشاورزی پایدار؛ متابولیت ثانویه؛ نانوذرات | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Impact of carbon quantum dots (CQD) on the growth, essential oil content, and composition of grapefruit mint (Mentha suaveolens × piperita) under water deficit stress conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Haghaninia؛ abdollah javanmard؛ Zahra Ghorbani؛ mohammad reza morshedloo؛ Karim Kakaei | ||
| University of Maragheh | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and Objective: In contemporary times, the importance of medicinal plants and their identification in advancing national, regional, and global objectives, such as achieving health, pharmaceutical self-sufficiency, fostering employment, and promoting economic development, is indisputable. Mentha suaveolens × Mentha piperita, commonly referred to as grapefruit mint, is recognized as a valuable medicinal plant within the Lamiaceae family. Drought stands out as a major limiting factor for global plant growth, constituting the most prevalent environmental stressor that disrupts the balance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense mechanisms, thereby inducing oxidative stress. Nanotechnology emerges as a modern approach with notable potential to enhance plant resilience against drought stress. Among various nanomaterials, carbon quantum dots, discovered in 2004, possess distinctive characteristics, including dimensions below 10 nanometers, reduced toxicity, and superior biocompatibility compared to metal-based alternatives, owing to their carbonaceous structure. Due to these unique attributes, carbon quantum dots have attracted significant research interest in recent years. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of carbon quantum dots on the growth, yield, and essential oil composition of grapefruit mint (Mentha suaveolens × piperita) under drought stress conditions. Methodology: This research was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications in pots during the spring and summer of 2023 at the research greenhouse of Maragheh University, East Azerbaijan, Iran. The first factor was irrigation at 90% of field capacity (FC) as control (normal irrigation), irrigation at 70% FC (moderate stress), and irrigation at 50% FC (severe stress). The second factor consisted of different levels of carbon quantum dots (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 parts per million). Data collected from sampling were analyzed using SAS statistical software, and means were compared using the least significant difference (LSD) test at the 5% level. Results: Analysis of variance indicated that the effects of different irrigation regimes, fertilizer treatments, and their interaction on all measured traits were significant. The findings revealed that the application of 15 ppm carbon quantum dots under normal irrigation increased fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b contents by 110%, 86%, 184%, and 163%, respectively, compared to no CQD application under severe drought stress. Under moderate stress, the use of 15 ppm carbon quantum dots increased essential oil content by 135% and essential oil yield by 298% compared to severe stress without CQD. Furthermore, the highest linalyl acetate content was obtained with 15 ppm carbon quantum dots under 50% FC, showing a 50.1% increase compared to the control treatment. Similarly, the highest linalool content was recorded under normal irrigation with 10 ppm carbon quantum dots, representing a 67.4% increase compared to no CQD application under 50% FC. Moreover, under normal irrigation, 15 ppm carbon quantum dots reduced malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents by 51% and 58%, respectively, compared to no CQD application under severe stress. Additionally, under mild stress, 15 ppm carbon quantum dots enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes by 123%, 111%, and 72%, respectively, compared to no fertilizer application under normal conditions. Conclusion: The results indicate that applying 15 ppm carbon quantum dots can promote growth by modulating secondary metabolites and strengthening defense mechanisms through the activation of antioxidant enzymes and increasing the accumulation of osmolytes such as proline and total soluble sugars, thereby reducing malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels. This enhancement in grapefruit mint plants contributes to improved drought resilience, ultimately enhancing both the quantity and quality of the essential oil. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| antioxidant enzymes, drought stress, secondary metabolite, essential oil yield, nanoparticles, sustainable agriculture | ||
| مراجع | ||
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