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ارزیابی تنوع گونههای گیاهی زیراشکوب تودههای جنگلی دانهزاد، شاخهزاد و شاخه و دانهزاد در جنگلهای زاگرس (پژوهش موردی: جنگل قلاجه در استان کرمانشاه) | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 33، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 102، اسفند 1404، صفحه 384-402 اصل مقاله (1.93 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfpr.2025.368867.2196 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| نیکنام سلیمانی1؛ کامبیز ابراری واجاری* 2؛ مرتضی پوررضا3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری رشته جنگلشناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرمآباد، ایران | ||
| 2نویسنده مسئول، استاد، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرمآباد، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار، گروه جنگلداری، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: جنگلهای ﺑﻠﻮط ﻏﺮب اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪای ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮﺑﻪﻓﺮد ﺧﻮد و دارا ﺑﻮدن ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد، ﺟﺰو مهمترین بومسازگانﻫﺎی ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ایران ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲﺷﻮند. تنوع و غنای گونههای گیاهی، نقش بسیار مهمی در سلامت و پایداری آن ایفا میکند. پژوهش پیشرو با هدف بررسی و درک تفاوتها، شباهتها و تنوع گونههای گیاهی زیراشکوب و نیز ارتباط آن با ویژگیهای ساختاری توده در جنگلهای حفاظتشده کوهستان قلاجه در استان کرمانشاه انجام گرفت. مواد و روشها: در این پژوهش، ضمن شناسایی سه توده جنگلی دانهزاد، شاخهزاد و شاخه و دانهزاد، سه قطعهنمونه یک هکتاری بهصورت تصادفی در هرکدام برداشت شد. در این قطعهنمونهها، ویژگیهای ساختاری همه درختان و جستگروهها شامل نام گونه، فرم رویشی، تعداد جستها، قطر برابرسینه، ارتفاع درختان، ارتفاع غالب جستگروهها و دو قطر عمودبرهم تاج برداشت شد. همچنین، بهمنظور بررسی پوشش گیاهی زیراشکوب جنگل و ارتباط آن با ویژگیهای توده جنگلی، در هر قطعهنمونه یک هکتاری، 40 قطعهنمونه یک متر مربعی بهصورت تصادفی برداشت شد. در هرکدام، پس از شناسایی گونههای گیاهی، غنا و درصد پوشش آنها اندازهگیری شدند. مقادیر شاخصهای تنوع گونهای شانونوینر و سیمپسون، شاخصهای غنای گونهای مارگالف و منهنیک و شاخصهای یکنواختی هیل و پیت با استفاده از نرمافزار Ecological Methodology محاسبه شدند. نتایج: در منطقه مورد مطالعه، 145 گونه از گیاهان آوندی متعلق به 104 جنس و 35 تیره شناسایی شد. بزرگترین تیرههای گیاهان آوندی شامل Fabaceae با 12 جنس و 24 گونه، Asteraceae با 16 جنس و 19 گونه، Poaceae با 12 جنس و 18 گونه، Lamiaceae با هشت جنس و 12 گونه و Apiaceae با نُه جنس و نُه گونه بودند. در توده شاخهزاد، 33 تیره، 88 جنس و 124 گونه، در توده شاخه و دانهزاد 31 تیره، 83 جنس و 103 گونه و در توده دانهزاد نیز 108 گونه متعلق به 33 تیره و 81 جنس شناسایی شدند. در توده شاخهزاد، بیشترین شاخصهای شانونوینر، سیمپسون، مارگالف و منهنیک بهدست آمد، اما بیشینه شاخصهای یکنواختی هیل و پیت به توده دانهزاد اختصاص یافت. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس شاخصهای مورد بررسی، بیانگر معنیداری اختلاف شاخص تنوع شانونوینر بین تودههای جنگلی بود (05/0>p)، درحالیکه شاخص دیگر، اختلاف معنیداری با یکدیگر نداشتند. شاخصهای تنوع گونهای شانونوینر و یکنواختی هیل در همه تودههای جنگلی با مساحت تاج، ارتباط معنیداری داشتند، اما ویژگیهای ساختاری دیگر با شاخصهای مورد بررسی، ارتباط و وابستگیهای یکسانی نشان ندادند. نتیجهگیری کلی: مقادیر تنوع گونهای پوشش گیاهی زیراشکوب در تودههای جنگلی منطقه مورد مطالعه با برخی از ویژگیهای ساختاری در آنها ارتباط بود. همچنین، شاخص تنوع گونهای شانونوینر در سه توده جنگلی بلوط باهم اختلاف معنیداری داشتند. بهطوریکه توده شاخهزاد از بیشترین تنوع و توده دانهزاد از کمترین تنوع برخوردار بود، درحالیکه اختلاف معنیداری ازنظر شاخص تنوع سیمپسون و نیز شاخصهای یکنواختی و غنای گونهای بین تودههای جنگلی مشاهده نشد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| بلوط ایرانی؛ شاخصهای تنوع؛ زیراشکوب جنگل؛ ویژگیهای ساختاری جنگل | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessment of plant species diversity understory of forest in high, coppice, and coppice-with-standards stands in the Zagros forests (case study of Qalajeh forest, Kermanshah province, Iran) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Niknam soleymani1؛ Kambiz Abrari Vajari2؛ Morteza Pourreza3 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Student of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Forestry Department, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran | ||
| 2Corresponding author, Prof., Forestry Department, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Prof., Forestry Department, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: The oak forests of western Iran, with their unique species diversity and numerous plant communities, are considered among the most important natural ecosystems. The diversity and richness of plant species play a vital role in the health and sustainability of these forests. The present study aimed to investigate and understand the differences, similarities, and relationships between the diversity of plant species under forest canopy in Iranian oak forest stands, as well as to investigate its relationship with their structural characteristics in the protected forests of Qalajeh Mountain in Kermanshah Province. Methodology: In this research, while identifying three forest high stand, coppice stand, coppice-with-standards stand, three sample plots of one hectare were randomly taken in each of them. Then, the structural characteristics of species name, growth form, number of sprout, diameter at breast height, height of trees and the dominant height of the coppice trees and two perpendicular diameters of the crown were recorded. Also, in order to investigate the vegetation cover of the forest floor and its relationship with the characteristics of the forest stand, 40 sample plots of 1 square meter were randomly selected in each 1-hectare sample plot. In each, plant species were identified and their richness and percentage of cover were measured. Ecological Methodology software was used to estimate the values of diversity indices. The values of Shannon-Wiener and Simpson species diversity indices, Margalef and Menhinick species richness indices, and Hill and Pitt evenness indices were calculated. Results: The results showed that 145 species of vascular plants belonging to 104 genera and 35 families were identified in the study area. The largest families of vascular plants were Fabaceae with 12 genera and 24 species, Asteraceae with 16 genera and 19 species, Poaceae with 12 genera and 18 species, Lamiaceae with 8 genera and 12 species, and Apiaceae with 9 genera and 9 species, respectively. In the coppice stand, 33 families, 88 genera, and 124 species were identified; in the coppice-with-standards stand, 31 families, 83 genera, and 103 species; and in the high stand, 108 species belonging to 33 families and 81 genera were recorded. The highest values of Shannon-Wiener and Simpson diversity indices are assigned to the coppice stand, Hill and Pitt's evenness index to the high stand, and Margalef and Menhinick indices to the coppice stand. Also, the results of the analysis of variance of the values of the studied indices indicate that only the values of Shannon-Wiener diversity index in the stands had significant differences (Pvalue < 0.05), and the other indices did not have significant differences. Shannon-Wiener species diversity indices and Hill's evenness in the stands were significantly related to the crown surface, but other structural characteristics of the stands did not show the same relationship and dependencies with the values of the studied indices. Conclusion: The results of the study show that the species diversity values of understory vegetation in the forest stands of the studied area are related to some of their structural characteristics. Also, the Shannon-Wiener species diversity index in the three oak forest stands has a significant difference, such that the coppice stand has the highest diversity and the high stand has the lowest diversity, while the Simpson diversity index and evenness and species richness indices in the forest stands did not have a significant difference. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Diversity indices, forest structural characteristics, forest understory, Iraian oak | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 400 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 81 |
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