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تعیین عیار چغندرقند با پلاریمتر مجهز به طیف سنج مادون قرمز در مقایسه با روش مرسوم پلاریمتری | ||
| چغندرقند | ||
| مقاله 11، دوره 41، شماره 1، شهریور 1404، صفحه 167-174 اصل مقاله (491.37 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله کوتاه | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jsb.2025.369456.1389 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| بابک بابائی* | ||
| استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| اندازه‌گیری ساکارز چغندرقند (عیار) در صنعت قند به روش پلاریمتری انجام می‌گیرد. دستگاه پلاریمتر مجهز به نور مادون قرمز و دستگاه عصاره‌گیر اتوفیلت (Autofilt) با هدف افزایش سرعت فرآیند و حذف استفاده از ترکیب سمی استات سرب به عیارسنج کارخانه‌های قند معرفی شده است. این پژوهش با هدف مقایسه دو روش عصاره‌گیری و اندازه‌گیری ساکارز چغندرقند، شامل روش پلاریمتری معمول و روش مبتنی بر استفاده از اتوفیلت، طراحی و اجرا گردید. به این منظور نمونه‌های خمیر چغندرقند منجمد شده برخی آزمایش‌های تحقیقاتی چغندرقند و کارخانه قند جوین شامل میاندوآب 29 نمونه، اصفهان 29 نمونه، کرمان 27 نمونه، شیراز 28 نمونه و 45 نمونه از کارخانه قند جوین مجموعاً 158 نمونه به دو روش مذکور تعیین عیار شدند. هر نمونه شامل 200 گرم خمیر چغندرقند بود که از 40 تا 50 ریشه چغندرقند پس از شستشو و حذف بخش سر و اندام هوایی ریشه، خمیرگیری، یکنواخت‌سازی و در دمای منفی 20 درجه سانتی‌گراد منجمد شده بودند. نمونه‌ها در دمای آزمایشگاه از حالت انجماد خارج و پس از یکنواخت‌سازی مجدد خمیر هر نمونه بخشی از نمونه به روش معمول و بخش دیگر به روش اتوفیلت و پلاریمتر مجهز به طیف سنج مادون قرمز عیارسنجی شدند. عصاره‌گیری در روش معمول به روش هضم سرد، با اختلاط 26 گرم خمیر با 177 میلی‌لیتر محلول استات سرب قلیایی 01/0 مول بر لیتر انجام گرفت و در روش اتوفیلت، عصاره‌گیری تحت فشار فیلتراسیون 5 بار (5/0 مگاپاسکال) با اختلاط 26 گرم خمیر و 177 میلی‌لیتر آب مقطر و خاک دیاتومه انجام شد. مقایسه آماری عیار هر منطقه به‌طور جداگانه و برای کل نمونه‌ها به روش آزمون t جفت شده انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد میانگین عیار برخی از مناطق با دو روش اندازه‌گیری، دارای تفاوت معنی‌داری بودند. با این وجود میانگین عیار اندازه‌گیری‌شده برای کل نمونه‌ها به روش معمول (06/17 درصد) با روش اتوفیلت (68/16) از لحاظ آماری تفاوت معنی‌داری در سطح احتمال پنج درصد نداشت. لذا پس از پلات نمودن داده‌های مربوط به تعیین عیار به روش معمول (y) در مقابل داده‌های مربوط به تعیین عیار به روش اتوفیلت (x) رابطه خطی y=0.963x+1.0043 با ضریب تعیین R2=0.98 به دست آمد که می‌تواند مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. با عنایت به مزایای روش عصاره‌گیری اتوفیلت پیشنهاد می‌گردد این سیستم در کنار روش معمول برای نمونه‌های بسیار زیاد و با استفاده از خمیر تازه در یکی از کارخانه‌های قند کشور مورد استفاده قرار گیرد تا با قطعیت بیش تر در سطح کشور قابل توصیه باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اتوفیلت؛ استات سرب؛ سولفات آلومینویم؛ هضم سرد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Determination of sugar beet sucrose content using an infrared-spectrometer-equipped polarimeter compared to the conventional polarimetric method | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Babak Babaee | ||
| Assistant professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Introduction The sugar content of sugar beet in the sugar industry is commonly measured by polarimetric method. The advantages of this method include its speed and, when the sample purity is high, its acceptable accuracy and repeatability. However, one limitation of the polarimetric method is the requirement for sample transparency to allow the passage of polarized light. To clarify the sample solution, compounds such as lead acetate or aluminum sulfate are used, with lead acetate being particularly problematic due to its environmental toxicity. Recently, a polarimeter equipped with an infrared source and an auto-filtration extraction device has been introduced to the market, aiming to eliminate the need for the toxic lead acetate clarifying compound. This study aimed to compare the results of analyzing sugar beet brei samples grown under different climatic conditions in the beet-growing regions of the country with those of beets stored in factory silos, using two methods: polarimetry with visible light and polarimetry with near-infrared (NIR) light. Materials and methods Frozen beet brei samples from various sugar beet research trials and the Jovein Sugar Factory were analyzed. These included 29 samples from Miandoab, 29 from Isfahan, 27 from Kerman, 28 from Shiraz, and 45 from Jovein Sugar Factory, totaling 158 samples. Each sample was analyzed using both the conventional and Autofilt methods. Each sample consisted of 200 grams of sugar beet brei, prepared from 40 to 50 sugar beet roots that were washed, had their crowns and aerial parts removed, then pulped, homogenized, and frozen at -20°C. Prior to analysis, the samples were thawed at 25°C and re-homogenized. One portion of each sample was analyzed using the conventional method, and the other using the Autofilt system with a polarimeter equipped with an infrared spectrometer. For the conventional method, juice extraction was performed via cold digestion by mixing 26 grams of brei with 177 mL of 0.01 mol/L alkaline lead acetate solution. In the Autofilt method, juice extraction was carried out using a pressurized filtration system at 5 bar (0.5 MPa) by mixing 26 grams of brei with 177 ml of distilled water and diatomaceous earth. The standard extraction and filtration system used was the Venma model, equipped with Dr. Kernschen's automatic Saccharomat device. The Autofilt system and Saccharomat with infrared light by Schmidt and Haensch were used for the alternative method. Sucrose content (pol) for each region and for the combined dataset was statistically compared using a paired t-test. Result The results showed that the average sugar content measured in some regions showed statistically significant differences between the two methods. However, for th e total sample set, there was no significant difference between the mean values obtained by the conventional method (17.06%) and the Autofilt method (16.68%) (P <0.094). A linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the two methods. The resulting equation was: y = 0.963x + 1.0043, with a coefficient of determination of R² = 0.98, where y represents the sucrose content measured by the conventional polarimetric method, and x represents the content measured by the Autofilt method. Given the advantages of the Autofilt method, it is recommended to implement this system alongside the conventional method, especially for high-throughput analysis of fresh beet pulp samples. Adoption in at least one sugar factory is suggested to validate performance under industrial conditions, enabling broader national application with increased confidence. Conclusion The results of this study showed that while there were statistically significant differences between the two methods in some regions, the overall mean sugar content measured by the conventional and Autofilt methods did not differ significantly. A strong correlation between the two methods (R² = 0.98) confirms the reliability of the Autofilt system. Given its environmental and operational advantages, particularly the elimination of toxic clarifying agents, the Autofilt method is recommended as a complementary tool to the conventional approach, especially for high-throughput analysis of fresh beet pulp. Pilot implementation in at least one sugar factory is suggested to validate its performance under industrial conditions and support broader adoption. References Pan L, Lu R, Zhu Q, McGrath J M and Tu K. Measurement of moisture, soluble solids, sucrose content and mechanical properties in sugar beet using portable visible and near-infrared spectroscopy. Postharvest biology and technology, 2015; 102: 42-50. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2015.02.005 Roggo Y, Duponchel L, Huvenne J-P. Quality evaluation of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) by near-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2004; 52 (5): 1055-1061. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0347214. Kunz M, Martin D, Puke H. Precision of beet analyses in germany explained for polarization. Zukerindustrie, 2002; 127 (1), 13-21. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Keywords: Aluminum sulfate, Autofilt, Cold digestion, Lead acetate | ||
| مراجع | ||
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References Altenberg W, Chou C. An alternative method of raw sugar polarization. Zuckerindustrie, 1991; 116: 1041-1046. AnGodshal M, Nemeth M, Wood R. Workshop on collaborative studies. 22nd session of international commission for uniform methods of sugar analysis (ICUMSA), 1998; 65-89. Anonymous. Removal of lead acetate by using saccharomate equipped with NIR and autofilt system. Iranian sugar factory sendicate, 72th sugar monthly news 2008; page 6. Anonymous. The Determination of the polarisation of sugar beet by the macerator or cold aqueous digestion method using aluminium sulphate as clarifying agent official. International commission for uniform methods of sugar analysis (ICUMSA), General subject 6-1, 2022; Albert Bartens KG. Anonymous. Instructions for measuring losses and sugar contents in beet labs. Sugar beet seed research institute, 2025; Registration number 157/252. Babaee B, Abdollahian Noghabi M, Jihadakbar MR, Yousefabadi V. Introduction of appropriate method for determination of sugar content in sugar beet produced under drought, salinity and normal conditions. Journal of sugar beet, 2013; 29 (1) 99-111. (Persian with English abstract). Doi: https://doi.org/10.22092/jsb.2013.1298 Babaee B, Khanmohammadi M, Garmarudi A B and Abdollahin Noghabi M. Effect of peeling and point of spectral recording on sucrose determination in sugar beet root using near infrared spectroscopy. Infrared physics and Technology, 2019; 103: 103065. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2019.103065 Hoffmann CM. Root quality of sugar beet. Sugar tech, 2010; 12:3-4, 276–287. Kunz M. Sugar analysis. Beet. International commission for uniform methods of sugar analysis (ICUMSA), 1998; General subject 6, 110-117. Kunz M, Martin D, Puke H. Precision of beet analyses in germany explained for polarization. Zukerindustrie, 2002; 127 (1), 13-21. Pan L, Lu R, Zhu Q, McGrath J M and Tu K. Measurement of moisture, soluble solids, sucrose content and mechanical properties in sugar beet using portable visible and near-infrared spectroscopy. Postharvest biology and technology, 2015; 102: 42-50. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2015.02.005 Roggo Y, Duponchel L, Huvenne J-P. Quality evaluation of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) by near-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2004; 52 (5): 1055-1061. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0347214 Sachs and Le Docte A. Cold digestion (polarization) method. The international commission for uniform methods of sugar analysis (ICUMSA), 1970; 14-17. Schmidt and Haensch, Autofilt z - automatic filtration - chemical-free. data sheet, 2024. [Online]. Available: schmidt-haensch.com. Sheikh al-Islami r. Laboratory methods and their application in food industry process control (sugar). Mersa publications, 1998; pp. 342. (In Persian) Van der poel PW, Schiweck H, Schwartz T. Sugar technology beet and cane sugar manufacture. Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG, 1998; PP. 1125. Urquhart RM. Raw Sugar. The international commission for uniform methods of sugar analysis (ICUMSA), 1998; General subject 1, 90-104.
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