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اثر زغال زیستی بلوط بر برخی ویژگی‌های عملکردی و راندمان اسانس گیاه دارویی بومادران(Achillea millefolium L.) | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 32، شماره 3، شهریور 1404، صفحه 313-327 اصل مقاله (1.74 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrdr.2025.134292 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حامد جنیدی* 1؛ شیرکو ابراهیمی محمدی2؛ رویا شادی3 | ||
| 1دانشیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران ، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران | ||
| 3دانشجوی رشته مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| چکیده سابقه و هدف: تحقیقات متعددی بیانگر اثر معنی دار زغال زیستی بر بهبود ویژگی های زیستی و عملکردی گیاهان است. در پژوهش حاضر اثر زغال زیستی بلوط بر برخی ویژگی های عملکردی و بازده اسانس بومادران(Achillea millefolium L.) و هم چنین خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی خاک مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مواد و رش ها: برای انجام مطالعه از زغال زیستی بلوط ساخته شده در طی فرایند پیرولیز در دماهای 300 و 500 ( به ترتیب B300 و B500) درجه سانتی گراد در گروه های تیمار استفاده گردید. تیمار های مورد مطالعه در قالب 45 گلدان 2 کیلوگرمی شامل 15 گلدان شاهد، 15 گلدان دارای زغال زیستی 300 درجه سانتیگراد (B300) بلوط و 15 گلدان دارای زغال زیستی 500 درجه سانتی گراد(B500) تقسیم شد. نسبت پودر زغال به خاک در این آزمایش برای هر دو تیمار 5 درصد در نظر گرفته شد. عملیات تنک کردن و وجین علف های هرز تا مرحله نزدیک به گلدهی ادامه یافت. پس از رسیدن به مرحله گلدهی مقادیر کلروفیل کل، کلروفیل a ، کلروفیلb، وزن خشک اندام هوایی ، وزن خشک اندام زمینی و درصد اسانس در گروه های مختلف شاهد و تیمار اندازه گیری شد. هم چنین خصوصیات pH خاک، EC خاک، کربن آلی و ازت کل خاک در تیمار ها اندازه گیری شد. به منظور مقایسه پارامترهای مختلف خاک و گیاه در بین تیمار ها از آزمون تجزیه واریانس یک طرفه و برای مقایسه مقادیر میانگین بین تیمار ها از آزمون دانکن استفاده شد. نتایج: نتایج نشان داد افزودن زغال زیستی باعث افزایش معنی دار کلروفیل a(به میزان 19 درصد)، کلروفیل کل(به میزان 17 درصد) و راندمان اسانس( به میزان 36 درصد)، وزن خشک اندام هوایی(25 درصد) و وزن خشک ریشه(به میزان 87 درصد) در گروه های تیمار نسبت به شاهد شد. هم چنین افزودن زغال زیستی باعث افزایش معنی دار کربن آلی( به میزان 88 درصد) و ازت خاک ( به میزان 27 درصد) در گروه های تیمار زغال زیستی نسبت به شاهد شد. در هیچ یک از پارامتر های گیاه و خاک، اختلاف معنی داری بین تیمار های B300 و B500 مشاهده نشد. نتیجه گیری: بطور کلی نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد افزودن زغال زیستی به خاک سبب ارتقای عملکرد زیستی بومادران به دلیل بهبود ویژگی های شیمیایی خاک( کربن آلی و ازت) شده است. همچنین افزایش مقادیر کلروفیل و فتوسنتز باعث افزایش اسانس می شود. نکته حایز اهمیت آن است که در کلیه موارد، بکارگیری زغال های زیستی 300 و 500 درجه سانتیگراد، اثر یکسانی در تغییر پارامتر های کمی و کیفی گیاه و خاک داشته است. به عبارت دیگر، تفاوت معنی داری بین دو نوع ذغال زیستی تهیه شده در دماهای 300 و 500 درجه سانتیگراد مشاهده نشده است. باتوجه به نتایج به دست آمده، کاربرد زغال زیستی به عنـوان روشـی مناسب برای افزایش عملکرد و تولید اسانس و همچنین و بهبود کیفیت شـیمیایی خـاک توصیه می‌شود. پژوهش حاضر نشان می دهد که فرآیند تولید زغال زیستی بلوط در دمای 300 درجه سانتیگراد در بهبود عملکرد گیاه و افزایش راندمان اسانس موثر بوده و نیازی به افزایش دمای بیش از 300 درجه سانتیگراد برای تولید زغال زیستی نیست. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| زغال زیستی؛ گیاهان دارویی؛ روغن های فرار؛ اندام هوایی؛ خصوصیات خاک؛ کلروفیل | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The effect of oak biochar on some functional properties and efficiency of essential oil of the medicinal plant Achillea millefolium L. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hamed Joneidi1؛ Shirko Ebrahimi Mohammadi2؛ Roya Shadi3 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran | ||
| 3MS Student, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The effect of oak biochar on some functional characteristics, soil fertility and essential oil yield of the medicinal plant Achillea millefolium L. Background: Several studies have shown the significant effect of biochar on improving the biological and functional characteristics of plants. In the present study, the effects of oak biochar on some functional characteristics and efficiency of A.millefolium essential oil and physicochemical properties of soil was investigated. Materials and Methods: To conduct the study Oak biochar made during pyrolysis at temperatures of 300 and 500 (B300 and B500, respectively) degrees Celsius was also used in the treatment groups. Soil was divided into 45 pots, including 15 control pots, 15 pots with 300 degrees Celsius (B300) oak biochar, and 15 pots with 500 degrees Celsius (B500) biochar. The ratio of biochar to soil in this experiment was the same for both treatments and was considered equal to 5%. After the plant grew and reached the flowering stage, the values of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, dry weight of aboveground biomass, dry weight of root biomass and percentage of essential oil were measured in different control and treatment groups. Also, the properties of soil pH, soil EC, organic carbon and total soil nitrogen were measured in the treatments. In order to compare different soil and plant parameters among the treatments, one-way analysis of variance test was used. Results: The results showed that the addition of biochar significantly increased chlorophyll a (by 19%), total chlorophyll (by 17%), essential oil yield (by 36%), dry weight of aboveground biomass (by 25%), and dry weight of underground parts (by 87%) in the treatment groups compared to the control. Also, the addition of biochar significantly increased organic carbon (by 88%) and soil nitrogen (by 27%) in the biochar treatment groups compared to the control. No significant differences were observed between the B300 and B500 treatments in any of the plant and soil parameters. Conclusion: According to the results obtained from this study, the use of biochar is recommended as a suitable method for increasing the yield and production of essential oil, as well as improving the chemical quality and yield of soil. The results of the present study show that the process of producing oak biochar at a temperature of 300 degrees Celsius is effective in improving the yield of A. millefolium and increasing the efficiency of essential oil, and there is no need to increase the temperature to more than 300 degrees Celsius to produce biochar. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Biochar, medicinal plants, plant products, Aboveground biomass, soil properties, chlorophyll | ||
| مراجع | ||
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