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مقایسه درصد کلونیزاسیون و تراکم اسپور قارچ‌های میکوریزا آربوسکولار در خاک زیر اشکوب سه گونه بوته‌ای مرتعی | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، اصلاح شده برای چاپ، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 15 شهریور 1404 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrdr.2025.134290 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فروزان فاضلی نژاد دلفان1؛ رضا عرفانزاده* 1؛ صمد جمالی2 | ||
| 1گروه مرتع‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران | ||
| 2گروه مهندسی گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| چکیده سابقه و هدف تعاملات بین قارچ‌های میکوریزا آربوسکولار و گیاهان نقش مهمی در عملکرد اکوسیستم‌ها دارند اما این تعاملات در رویشگاه‌های کوهستانی و سرد به خوبی شناخته نشده است. هدف از این تحقیق، بررسی تأثیر سه گونه بوته‌ای (زرشک، اسپرس خاردار و مای‌مرز) بر میزان کلونیزاسیون ریشه، جمعیت اسپور و تنوع گونه‌های قارچی در ریزوسفر گیاهان بود. مواد و روش‌ها این تحقیق در استان مازندران، جنوب شهرستان نور، ارتفاعات بلده در روستای هلو پشته انجام شد. ابتدا بازدید میدانی منطقه انجام و بعد 13 قطعه نمونه به عنوان 13 تکرار تعیین شد. در هر قطعه نمونه، سه گونه بوته‌ای مجاور هم حضور داشتند. نمونه‌برداری از خاک در بهار 1402 انجام شد. تعداد 52 نمونه خاک ریزوسفر (به‌طوری‌که در هر قطعه نمونه، 4 نمونه خاک زیر اشکوب بوته و یک نمونه از فضای بیرون از بوته) برداشت شد و 39 نمونه ریشه انتخاب گردید. نمونه‌های خاک از عمق صفر تا 30 سانتی‌متری در 13 قطعه نمونه‌برداری شدند. برای مشاهده ساختارهای قارچی (وزیکول، آربوسکول و هیف)، نمونه‌های ریشه رنگ‌آمیزی گردیدند. همچنین، از هر نمونه خاک 200 گرم برداشته شد و اسپورها با استفاده از روش شستشو، الک مرطوب و سانتریفوژ، در محلول ساکارز جداسازی و شمارش شدند. سپس اقدام به شناسایی آنها گردید. نتایج تنوع قارچ‌های میکوریزا آربوسکولار به‌طور قابل‌توجهی تحت تأثیر تاج گونه‌های مختلف بوته‌ای قرار دارد. در فضای بیرون از اشکوب بوته‌ها (شاهد)، Diversispora aurantia شناسایی شد، در حالی که در زیر تاج Onobrychis cornuta، قارچ‌های Glomus flavisporum و Acaulospora sp. یافت شدند. علاوه بر این، در زیر تاج Berberis integerrima، گونه‌های Gigaspora gigantea،Acaulospora colombiana و Acaulospora jejuensis شناسایی و در نمونه‌های خاک جمع‌آوری‌شده از زیر تاج Juniperus sabina، قارچ‌های Cetraspora pellucida و Glomus flavisporum مشاهده شدند. در میان این قارچ‌ها، جنس Acaulospora بیشترین فراوانی را داشت. از سوی دیگر، میزان کلونیزاسیون ریشه و تعداد اسپور میان گونه‌های مختلف بوته‌ای تفاوت معناداری را نشان داد. درصد کلونیزاسیون ریشه در گونه O. cornuta برابر با 46/79 درصد و تعداد اسپور 4038 در 200 گرم خاک بود. این مقادیر برای گونه‌های J. sabina و B. integerrima به ترتیب 46/53 درصد و 3952 اسپور و 30/41 درصد و 3593 تعداد اسپور بودند. نتیجه‌گیری نتایج این پژوهش بر اهمیت تنوع گونه‌ای در بوته‌ای‌ها در رویشگاه‌های کوهستانی و سرد تأکید دارد و نقش بنیادین آنها را در شکل‌گیری جوامع قارچی و ارتقای کارکردهای زیست‌بومی برجسته می‌سازد. گیاهان بوته‌ای به‌عنوان محرک‌هایی کلیدی در تعاملات اکولوژیکی و پایداری عملکرد اکوسیستم‌ها شناخته می‌شوند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اسپور؛ شناسایی مولکولی؛ گیاهان بوته‌ای؛ میکوریزا آربوسکولار | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Comparison of the Colonization Percentage and Spore Density of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Soil under the Canopy of Three Shrub Species | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Foruzan Fazelinejad Delfan1؛ Reza Erfanzadeh1؛ Samad Jamali2 | ||
| 1Rangeland Management Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Phytomedical Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Abstract Background and Objectives Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants are critical for ecosystem function; however, these interactions remain poorly characterized in mountainous and cold environments. This research aimed to investigate the effect of three shrub species (Berberis integerrima, Onobrychis cornuta, and Juniperus sabina.) on root colonization, spore population, and fungal species diversity in the rhizosphere of these plants. Materials and Methods This research was conducted in the Belde highlands, Helooposhteh village, in the southern part of Nur County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. A field survey was initially performed to select 13 plots as replicates. Each plot contained three adjacent shrub species. Soil sampling was carried out in the spring of 2023. A total of 52 rhizosphere soil samples (4 samples under each shrub and 1 sample from outside the shrub canopy in each plot) and 39 root samples were collected. Soil samples were taken from a depth of 0-30 cm in each of the 13 plots. Root samples were stained using the Hayman & Phillips (1970) method to visualize fungal structures (vesicles, arbuscules, and hyphae). Also, 200 grams of each soil sample were taken, and spores were isolated and counted using a washing, wet sieving, and centrifugation method in a sucrose solution. Then, identification was performed. Results The results indicated that the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was significantly influenced by the canopy of different shrub species. In the control (areas outside the shrub canopies), Diversispora aurantia was identified. Under the canopy of Onobrychis cornuta, Glomus flavisporum and Acaulospora sp. were found. Additionally, under the Berberis integerrima canopy, Gigaspora gigantea, Acaulospora colombiana, and Acaulospora jejuensis were identified, and under the Juniperus sabina canopy, Cetraspora pellucida and Glomus flavisporum were observed. The results also showed that Acaulospora had the highest abundance among these fungi, while Gigaspora and Diversispora aurantia had the lowest. Furthermore, root colonization rate and spore counts showed significant differences among the shrub species. The root colonization percentage for O. cornuta was 79.46% with a spore count of 4038 per 200g of soil The relative abundance of J. sabina was 53.46% (3952 spores), while B. integerrima constituted 41.30% (3593 spores) of the total spore count. Conclusion The results of this study emphasize the significance of species diversity in shrub communities within mountainous and cold habitats, highlighting their pivotal role in shaping fungal communities and enhancing ecosystem functions. Shrubs are recognized as key drivers in ecological interactions and in maintaining the sustainability of ecosystem processes. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Molecular identification, Shrub plants, Spores | ||
| مراجع | ||
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