| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,186 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,332 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 51,392,846 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 91,298,135 |
اثر کاربرد خاکی سولفات منیزیم بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفیت میوه نخل خرما (.Phoenix dactylifera L) رقم مضافتی | ||
| نهال و بذر | ||
| دوره 40، شماره 3، مهر 1403، صفحه 386-363 اصل مقاله (641.18 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/spj.2025.369835.1427 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| بهاره دامن کشان* 1؛ بهمن پناهی2؛ جواد فرخی3 | ||
| 1مربی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران. ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، پژوهشکده پسته، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران. | ||
| 3استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| منیزیم از جمله عناصر غذایی مؤثر بر عملکرد، کیفیت و طعم میوه خرما است. در این پژوهش، اثر کاربرد خاکی سولفاتمنیزیم (MgSO4.7H2O) بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفیت میوه نخل خرما رقم مضافتی در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و چهار تیمار (0، 250، 500 و 750 گرم سولفاتمنیزیم بهصورت کاربرد خاکی در هر درخت)، بر روی 12 نفر نخل خرمای 20 ساله رقم مضافتی در دو سال زراعی (1401 و1402) در نخلستانی در بروات از توابع شهرستان بم در استان کرمان بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد اثر سطوح تیمار سولفاتمنیزیم بر عملکرد میوه درخت، قطر میوه، میزان مواد جامد محلول کل ((TSS خرما و غلظت منیزیم در برگ در سطح احتمال یک درصد و بر طول هسته خرما در سطح احتمال پنج درصد معنیدار بود. بیشترین عملکرد میوه درخت (74/66کیلوگرم در درخت)، بیشترین قطر میوه (2/31سانتیمتر) و بالاترین مقدار TSS میوه (33/66 درصد) مربوط به تیمار سولفات منزیم به میزان 250 گرم در هر درخت بود. بیشترین میزان منیزیم در برگ (0/1883درصد) و کمترین طول هسته (1/98سانتیمتر) در تیمار 750 گرم سولفات منیزیم ثبت شد. این یافتهها نقش حیاتی سولفاتمنیزیم را در بهینهسازی بهرهوری عملکرد و کیفیت میوه نخل خرما رقم مضافتی برجسته کرده و بر ضرورت مدیریت مناسب و بهینه کودهای دارای عنصر منیزیم در نخلستان های منطقه تاکید می کند. بنابراین، استفاده بهینه از سولفاتمنیزیم میتواند به عنوان راهکاری عملی جهت ارتقاء کمیت و کیفیت میوه خرما رقم مضافتی مورد بهرهبرداری قرار گیرد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| خرما؛ صفات پومولوژیکی؛ قطر میوه؛ عملکرد میوه؛ نخلستان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of Soil Application of Magnesium Sulfate on Fruit Quantitative and Quality Characteristics of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Mazafati | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| B. Damankeshan1؛ B. Panahi2؛ J. Farrokhi3 | ||
| 1Researcher, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Kerman, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Pistachio Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Kerman, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Kerman, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| To investigate the effects of different magnesium sulfate on fruit quantitative and quality characteristics of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Mazafati, a field experiment was carried out using randomized complete block design with three replications in palm date orchard cv. Mazafati in Baravat district of Bam, Kerman province, in Iran, in two growing seasons (2022 and 2023). The experimental treatments were four levels (0, 250, 500, and 750 g tree-1) of soil applied magnesium sulfate. The results showed that magnesium sulfate levels had significant effect on fruit yield, fruit diameter, seed length, total soluble solids (TSS), and leaf magnesium content. The 250 g level had the highest fruit yield and quality, while the 750 g level showed the highest leaf magnesium content. In conclusion, soil application of magnesium sulfate improved fruit yield, fruit quality and pomological traits. The results underlined the importance of megensium role in improvement of productivity and fruit quality of date palm trees cv. Mazafati. Keywords: Date palm, orchard, fruit diameter, pomological traits, fruit yield. Introduction In recent years, numerous studies have investigated the role of magnesium in improving plant growth, yield, and fruit quality. Tränkner et al. (2019) highlighted the importance of magnesium in biomass production and chlorophyll synthesis. Similarly, research by Assis (2024) emphasized the role of magnesium in enhancing plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. In most of these studies, the effects of soil-applied magnesium were examined (Zhang et al., 2021). Unlike previous research, which mainly focused on other fruit crops, this study specifically assesses the effects of different levels of soil applied magnesium sulfate on the fruit quantitative and quality characteristics of date palm cv. Mazafati under the climatic conditions of Kerman province. This study aimed to determine the optimum level of soil application of magnesium sulfate levels to improve fruit yield and quality traits of date palms cv. Mazafati in arid and semi-arid regions in Iran. Materials and Methods This research was carried out in two phases. First, the nutritional status of 15 cv. Mazafati date palm orchards in Kerman Province (Baravat, Bam, Shahdad, Fahraj, Rigan, Narmashir, Anduhjerd, and Chahar-Farsakh) was assessed. Leaf samples were analyzed for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Data were processed in mean comparisons. Second, the main field experiment was carried out in two growing seasons (2022 and 2023) in Baravat district, Bam, Kerman Province, in Iran, on 20-year-old date palm trees cv. Mazafati using randomized complete block design with three replications and four soil applied magnesium sulfate levles 0 (control), 250, 500, and 750 g MgSO₄ tree-1. Routine orchard management practices were uniformly applied. At harvest, fruit yield tree-1, fruit weight, fruit diameter, seed length, fruit flesh: seed ratio, and total soluble solids (TSS) were measured. Leaf Mg content was determined by complexometric titration. Combined analysis of variance and mean comparision LSD tests at the 5% probability level was perfermed using SPSS (Version 26) software. Results and Discussion The results showed that despite non-significant differences in nitrogen and phosphorus contents between the control and experimental date palm orchards, potassium and calcium levels were higher, while magnesium levels were lower in the experimental orchards compared to the control. In 85% of the leaf samples, leaf magnesium contents were lower than normal thresholds, which could potentially reduce fruit yield and quality. The higher potassium contents likely inhibited magnesium uptake in the experimental orchard (Zhang et al., 2021). Soil application of 250 g magnesium sulfate tree-1 resulted in the highest fruit yield (74.66 kg tree-1) and fruit diameter (2.31 cm). This treatment also had the highest TSS content (66.33%). However, excessive magnesium sulfate application (500 and 750 g tree-1) led to reduction in TSS, likely due to disturbances in cation balance and the uptake of other nutrient elements. Our findings are in consistent with the findings of Wang et al. (2021). Therefore, balanced soil applied magnesium sulfate was effective in correcting nutrient deficiencies and improving fruit yield and quality characteristics of date palm cv. Mazafati. References Assis, V.C.S.S. 2024. Magnesium dynamics in the soil-plant system and its role in plant metabolism and nutrition: a review. Scientific Electronic Archives, 17(4), pp.1-10. DOI: 10.36560/17420241898 Tränkner, M. and Jaghdani, S.J. 2019. Minimum magnesium concentrations for photosynthetic efficiency in wheat and sunflower seedlings. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 144, pp.234-243. DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.040 Wang, Z., Hassan, M.U., Nadeem, F., Wu, L., Zhang, F. and Li, X. 2020. Magnesium fertilization improves crop yield in most production systems: a meta-analysis. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 495191. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01727 Zhang, S.W., Yang, W.H., Muneer, M.A., Ji, Z.J., Tong, L. and Zhang, X. 2021. Integrated use of lime with Mg fertilizer significantly improves the pomelo yield, quality, economic returns and soil physicochemical properties under acidic soil of southern China. Scientia Horticulturae, 290, 110502. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110502 | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Date palm, orchard, fruit diameter, pomological traits, fruit yield | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Ahmad, R., Ali, H.M., Lisek, A., Mosa, W.F., Ercisli, S. and Anjum, M.A. 2023. Correlation among some phenological and biochemical traits in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) germplasm. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14. 1118069. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1118069.
Aiswarya, J., Mariammal, K. and Veerappan, K. 2023. Plant nutrient deficiency detection and classification-a review. Pp.796-802. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications. DOI: 10.1109/ICIRCA57980.2023.10220778
Ali, M.M., Hu, X., Chao, P., Ali, S., Akram, M.T., Naveed, W.A., Gull, S., Deng, H., Mosa, W.F., Hou, Y. and Chen, F. 2024. Magnesium's impact on fruit quality of loquat: Insights into sugar and acid dynamics. Scientia Horticulturae, 328. 112972. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.112972.
Anonymous. 2022. Agricultural statistical yearbook. 3rd Volume. Horticultural and Glasshouse Products. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture, Tehran, Iran. 401 pp (in Persian).
AOAC. 2000. Official methods of analysis. Association of official analytical chemists. 17th edition. Gaithersburg, Maryland, U.S.A.
Assis, V.C.S.S. 2024. Magnesium dynamics in the soil-plant system and its role in plant metabolism and nutrition: a review. Scientific Electronic Archives, 17(4), pp.1-10. DOI: 10.36560/17420241898
Barker, A.V. and Pilbeam, D.J. 2015. Handbook of Plant Nutrition; CRC Press: Boca Raton, Florida, USA. 661 pp.
Bould, C. 1963. Soil and leaf analysis in relation to fruit nutrition. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 14(10), pp.710-718.
Bremner, J.M. 1965. Total nitrogen. Pp. 1149-1178. In: Norman, A.G. (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 9(2). American Society of Agronomy. Wisconsin, USA.
Cakmak, I. 2013. Magnesium in crop production, food quality and human health. Plant Soil. 368, pp.1-4. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-013-1781-2
Cakmak, I. and Kirkby, E.A. 2008. Role of magnesium in carbon partitioning and alleviating photooxidative damage. Physiologia Plantarum, 133(4), pp.692-704. DOI: 10.1111.j.1399-3054.2007.01042.x
Chandra, R. and Singh, K.K. 2015. Foliar application of zinc sulphate, magnesium sulphate and copper sulphate on the yield and quality of aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn L.) cv. “NA-7” under Garhwal Himalaya. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 3(5), pp.42-45.
De Mello Prado, R. and Rozane, D.E. 2020. Leaf analysis as diagnostic tool for balanced fertilization in tropical fruits. Fruit Crops, pp.131-143. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-818732-6.00011-3
El-Salhy, A.M., El-Akaad, M.M., El-Deen, E.Z. and Ahmed, M.M. 2017. Effect of magnesium fertilization and leaf/bunch ratio on growth and fruiting of Sewy date palm. Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 48(4), pp.132-144. DOI: 10.21608/ajas.2017.5014
Esteves, E., Kadyampakeni, D.M., Zambon, F., Ferrarezi, R.S. and Maltais-Landry, G. 2022. Magnesium fertilization has a greater impact on soil and leaf nutrient concentrations than nitrogen or calcium fertilization in Florida orange production. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 122(1), pp.73-87. DOI: 10.1007/s10705-021-10182-1
Ezz, T.M., Kassem, H.A. and Marzouk, H.A. 2010. Response of date palm trees to different nitrogen and potassium application rates. Acta Horticulturae, 882(84), pp.761-768. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.882.84
FAO. 2022. World food and agricultural-statistics yearbook 2022. Rome, Italy. 380 pp. https://www.fao.org/10.4060/cc2211en
Gerendás, J. and Führs, H. 2013. The significance of magnesium for crop quality. Plant and Soil, 368, pp.101-128. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-012-1555-2
Gransee, A. and Führs, H. 2013. Magnesium mobility in soils as a challenge for soil and plant analysis, magnesium fertilization and root uptake under adverse growth conditions. Plant and Soil, 368, pp.5-21. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-012-1567-y
Hailes, K.J., Aitken, R.L. and Menzies, N.W. 1997. Magnesium in tropical and subtropical soils from north-eastern Australia. II. Response by glasshouse-grown maize to applied Magnesium. Soil Research, 35, pp.629–641. DOI: 10.1071/S96082
Han, H., Chen, X.L., Liu, Y.Z., Zhou, T., Alam, S.M. and Khan, M.A. 2024. Foliar spraying magnesium promotes soluble sugar accumulation by inducing the activities of sucrose biosynthesis and transport in citrus fruits. Scientia Horticulturae, 324, 112593. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2023.112593
He, H., Khan, S., Deng, Y., Hu, H., Yin, L. and Huang, J. 2022. Supplemental foliar-applied magnesium reverted photosynthetic inhibition and improved biomass partitioning in magnesium-deficient banana. Horticulturae, 8(11), 1050 pp. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8111050
Hussain, M.I., Farooq, M. and Syed, Q.A. 2020. Nutritional and biological characteristics of the date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.)–A review. Food Bioscience, 34. 100509. DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.100509
Isaac, R.A. and Kerber, J.D. 1971. Atomic absorption and flame photometry: Techniques and uses in soil, plant, and water analysis. Pp. 17-37. In: Instrumental methods for analysis of soils and plant tissue. DOI: 10.2136/1971.instrumentalmethods.c2
Klute, A. 1986. Water retention: laboratory methods. Pp. 635-662. In: Klute, A. (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis: Physical and Mineralogical Methods. ASA and SSSA. Madison.
Kolsi-Benzina, N. and Zougari, B. 2008. Mineral composition of the palms leaflets of the date palm. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31(3), pp.583-591. DOI: 10.1080/01904160801895100
Lalithya, K.A., Bhagya, H.P. and Choudhary, R. 2014. Response of silicon and micro nutrients on fruit character and nutrient content in leaf of sapota. Biolife, 2(2), pp.593-598.
Li, J., Jin, S., Zhou, W., Meng, L., Song, X., Chen, Q., Shi, H. and Wang, Y. 2022. Magnesium fertilizer application and soil warming improves tomato yield by increasing magnesium absorption under PE-film covered greenhouse. Agronomy, 12(4), 940. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12040940
Marschner, H. 2012. Marschner's mineral nutrition of higher plants. 3rd edition. Vol. 89, Academic press, London. 651 pp.
Mayland, H.F. and Wilkinson, S.R. 1989. Soil factors affecting magnesium availability in plant-animal systems: a review. Journal of Animal Science, 67(12), pp.3437-3444.
Melanie, H.J. and Merle, T. 2019. Critical leaf magnesium thresholds and the impact of magnesium on plant growth and photo-oxidative defense: A systematic review and meta-analysis from 70 years of research. Plant Science, 10, pp.766–781. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00766
Mohamad, A. 2003. Response of oil palm seedlings planted on highly weathered acid soils to magnesium fertilizers. Ph. D. Thesis. University of Putra. Malaysia. 120 pp.
Mohebi, A. and Nabhani, L. 2011. Principles and foundations of date palm nutrition. Katibeh Sabz Publications. Ahvaz, Iran. 118 pp. (in Persian).
Noonan, L. and Holcombe, E.E. 1975. Procedures for chemical analyses of plant and soil samples, Oregon State University. 72 pp.
Obreza, T.A., Zekri, M. and Hanlon, E.A. 2008. Soil and leaf tissue testing. Pp. 24-32. In: Obreza, T.A and Morgan, K.T (eds.) Nutrition of Florida citrus trees. University of Florida institute of food and agricultural. Gainesville, USA.
Peng, W., Zhang, L., Zhou, Z., Chen, F., Chen, Z. and Liao, H. 2018. Magnesium promotes root nodulation through facilitation of carbohydrate allocation in soybean. Plant Physiology, 163, pp.372–385. DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12730
Pushparajah, E. 1994. Leaf analysis and soil testing for plantation tree crops. Pp 1–12. In: Proceedings of the international workshop on ‘Leaf diagnosis and soil testing as a guide to crop fertilization’, Taiwan.
Qu, S., Li, H., Zhang, X., Gao, J., Ma, R., Ma, L. and Ma, J. 2023. Effects of magnesium imbalance on root growth and nutrient absorption in different genotypes of vegetable crops. Plants, 12(20). 3518. DOI: 10.3390/plants12203518
Qureshi, I.M. and Srivastava, P.B.L. 1966. Foliar diagnosis and mineral nutrition of forest trees. Indian Forester, 92(7), pp.447-60.
Rekis, A., Laiadi, Z. and Mehenni, M. 2020. Morphological characteristics denomination of date palm studied cultivars. Algerian Journal of Arid Regions, 14(1), pp.131-140.
Ryan, J., Estefan, G. and Rashid, A. 2001. Soil and plant analysis laboratory manual. 2nd edition. International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria. 172 pp. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11766/67563
Salama, A.S.M., Omima, E.S.M. and Abdel-Hameed, A.A. 2014. Effect of magnesium fertilizer sources and rates on yield and fruit quality of date palm cv. Hayany under Ras-Sudr conditions. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 10(2), pp.118-126.
Senbayram, M., Gransee, A., Wahle, V. and Thiel, H. 2015. Role of magnesium fertilisers in agriculture: plant–soil continuum. Crop and Pasture Science, 66(12), pp.1219-1229. DOI: 10.1071/CP15104
Sun, X., Chen, J.H., Liu, L.S., Rosanoff, A., Xiong, X. and Zhang, Y.J. 2018. Effects of magnesium fertilizer on the forage crude protein content depend upon available soil nitrogen. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 66, pp.1743–1750. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04028
Tränkner, M. and Jaghdani, S.J. 2019. Minimum magnesium concentrations for photosynthetic efficiency in wheat and sunflower seedlings. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 144, pp.234-243. DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.040
Wang, Z., Hassan, M.U., Nadeem, F., Wu, L., Zhang, F. and Li, X. 2020. Magnesium fertilization improves crop yield in most production systems: a meta-analysis. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 495191. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01727
Waters, B.M. 2011. Moving magnesium in plant cells. New Phytologist, 190(3), pp.510-513. DOI: 10.1111.j.1469-8137.2011.03724.x.
Zhang, S.W., Yang, W.H., Muneer, M.A., Ji, Z.J., Tong, L. and Zhang, X. 2021. Integrated use of lime with Mg fertilizer significantly improves the pomelo yield, quality, economic returns and soil physicochemical properties under acidic soil of southern China. Scientia Horticulturae, 290, 110502. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110502
Zhang, W., Liu, Y., Muneer, M.A., Jin, D., Zhang, H., Cai, Y., Ma, C., Wang, C., Chen, X., Huang, C. and Tang, Y. 2022. Characterization of different magnesium fertilizers and their effect on yield and quality of soybean and pomelo. Agronomy, 12(11), 2693. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12112693
Zhang, Q., Shi, Y., Hu, H., Shi, Y., Tang, D., Ruan, J., Fernie, A.R. and Liu, M.Y. 2023. Magnesium promotes tea plant growth via enhanced glutamine synthetase-mediated nitrogen assimilation. Plant Physiology, 192(2), pp.1321-1337. DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad143
Zörb, C., Senbayram, M. and Peiter, E. 2014. Potassium in agriculture–status and perspectives. Journal of plant physiology, 171(9), pp.656-669. DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.08.008
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 816 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 241 |
||