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آزادی, ابوالفضل, جعفرنژادی, علیرضا, گوشه, محی الدین. (1404). بررسی و تحلیل برخی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های اراضی کشاورزی استان خوزستان (با تأکید بر محدودیت‌های منابع خاک). سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 13(1), 79-103. doi: 10.22092/lmj.2025.366322.361
ابوالفضل آزادی; علیرضا جعفرنژادی; محی الدین گوشه. "بررسی و تحلیل برخی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های اراضی کشاورزی استان خوزستان (با تأکید بر محدودیت‌های منابع خاک)". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 13, 1, 1404, 79-103. doi: 10.22092/lmj.2025.366322.361
آزادی, ابوالفضل, جعفرنژادی, علیرضا, گوشه, محی الدین. (1404). 'بررسی و تحلیل برخی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های اراضی کشاورزی استان خوزستان (با تأکید بر محدودیت‌های منابع خاک)', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 13(1), pp. 79-103. doi: 10.22092/lmj.2025.366322.361
آزادی, ابوالفضل, جعفرنژادی, علیرضا, گوشه, محی الدین. بررسی و تحلیل برخی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های اراضی کشاورزی استان خوزستان (با تأکید بر محدودیت‌های منابع خاک). سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1404; 13(1): 79-103. doi: 10.22092/lmj.2025.366322.361

بررسی و تحلیل برخی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های اراضی کشاورزی استان خوزستان (با تأکید بر محدودیت‌های منابع خاک)

مدیریت اراضی
مقاله 6، دوره 13، شماره 1، مرداد 1404، صفحه 79-103    اصل مقاله (1.66 M)
نوع مقاله: مروری
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/lmj.2025.366322.361
نویسندگان
ابوالفضل آزادی* 1؛ علیرضا جعفرنژادی2؛ محی الدین گوشه1
1استادیار پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران.
2دانشیار پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران.
چکیده
مطالعه وضعیت خـاک در اراضی کشـاورزی و منـابع طبیعی برای مـدیریت بهینـه منابع و رسـیدن بـه بهـره‌وری اقتصادی بیشینه ضروری است. لذا در این مقاله ضمن بررسی وضعیت فعلی خاک‌های استان خوزستان، مهم‌ترین چالش‌های موجود و محدودیت‌های منابع خاک در این استان نیز بیان ‌شده است. نتایج بررسی‌های انجام‌شده وضعیت خاک‌های استان در یک دوره ده‌ساله (1390-1400) با برداشت بالغ‌بر حدود 1100 نمونه سطحی نشان داده است که شوری خاک اراضی کشاورزی در حال افزایش و غلظت قابل جذب عناصر غذایی و همچنین کربن آلی عمدتاً کاهش یافته‌ است؛ که این موضوع بیانگر آن است که با وجود انجام تمام اقدامات مدیریتی در این استان، وضعیت خاک آن برای تولید و بهره‌برداری، چندان مناسب نبوده است. این موضوع عمدتاً به دلیل سوء مدیریت و عدم برنامه‌ریزی مناسب و پایدار مدیریت خاک است. همچنین بررسی نتایج وضعیت پراکنش تعداد کلاس‌های اراضی تعیین‌شده در هر سال که پس از بررسی حدود 200 نیمرخ مطالعاتی حاصل از 140 مورد بازدید اراضی استخراج شد، نشان می‌دهد که بیشترین درخواست‌های تغییر کاربری اراضی هر ساله به ترتیب مرتبط با احداث صنایع، کارگاه‌ها و کارخانه‌ها، طرح‌های گردشگری، پرورش ماهی و میگو، جهش ملی مسکن و نهایتاً احداث گلخانه است. دامنه تغییرات کلاس‌های طبقه‌بندی اراضی بررسی‌شده از کلاس‌های I(قابل‌کشت) تا VI(غیر قابل کشت) با تحت کلاس‌های مختلف متغیر است ولی بیشترین پراکنش کلاس‌ها در هر سال مربوط به کلاس‌های V(قابلیت کشت نامشخص و دارای محدودیت‌های زیاد) و III(قابل کشت با محدودیت‌های متوسط) است. لذا غالب کلاس‌های V تفکیک‌شده به‌ویژه در نواحی جنوبی و غربی استان (مانند شهرستان‌های آبادان، ماهشهر و ...) و مربوط به محدودیت شوری و قلیائیت خاک است. لذا جهت جلوگیری از تغییر کاربری و حفظ و مدیریت بهتر اراضی دارای مشکل شوری و قلیائیت، بومی‌سازی و بازنگری شیوه‌نامه مورد استفاده جهت تعیین قابلیت کشت اراضی کشاورزی و اعمال روش‌های مبتنی بر یافته‌های علمی و تجربیات کارشناسی دقیق ضروری است؛ بنابراین شوری، کمبود مواد آلی، کاهش حاصلخیزی، فرسایش و...از جمله مشکلات عمده خاک­های استان است و در نتیجه توسعه استقرار حکمرانی خاک و سیاست‌های مرتبط با آن، توسعه سرمایه‌گذاری در مدیریت پایدار خاک، تحقیقات با تأکید بر خاک و آموزش مؤثر و بسط برنامه‌های خاک بایستی در اولویت باشد.
 
کلیدواژه‌ها
شوری؛ کاربری اراضی؛ کشاورزی؛ محدودیت‌های خاک
عنوان مقاله [English]
Investigation of some of the most important challenges facing agricultural lands in Khuzestan Province (Limitations of soil resources)
نویسندگان [English]
Abolfazl Azadi1؛ Alireza Jafarnajadi2؛ Mohiuddin Goosheh1
1Assistant Prof., Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran.
2Associate Prof., Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Study of soil conditions in agricultural lands and natural resources is essential for achieving both optimal resource management and maximum economic productivity. Studying the current soil conditions in Khuzestan Province, the present article investigates the most important challenges facing soil resources in Khuzestan Province and their limitations. The results of the ten-year (2011-2021) study based on approximately 1100 surface soil samples revealed that soil salinity in agricultural lands of the province is on the rise while absorbable nutrients and organic carbon concentrations are basically declining in the soils studied. This indicates that, despite all the management measures taken, soil conditions in the province do not favor agricultural production, which may be mainly attributed to soil resources mismanagement and improper planning. Moreover, about 200 study pedons from 140 land visits were reviewed to extract the distribution and percentages of land classes for each year of the study period. The results indicate that the highest number of land use change requests each year are recorded for new industrial developments and establishment of workshops and factories, tourism projects, fish and shrimp farming, national housing boom, and, finally, greenhouses. The range of changes in the land classes studied varies from class I (Arable) to VI (non- Arable) with different subclasses but the highest distribution of classes each year is related to classes V (undetermined Arable and with severe limitation) and III (Arable with moderate limitation). The majority of the V classes are spatially dispersed across the province, especially in the southern and western regions (such as the cities of Abadan, Mahshahr, etc.) and are related to soil salinity and alkalinity as soil limitations. It is, therefore, essential to localize and revise the methodology employed to determine the cultivability of agricultural lands and apply methods based on scientific findings and accurate expert experiences in order to prevent land use changes and to improve upon the preservation and management of lands with salinity and alkalinity problems. Thus, salinity, poor soil organic matter, reduced fertility, and erosion may be regarded as the major problems facing soil management in the province. It follows then that development of proper soil management measures and the related policies, enhanced investment in sustainable soil management, implementation of soil studies with special focus on effective training and education, and expansion of soil programs must be placed on any priority list.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Salinity, Land use, Agriculture, Soil limitations
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آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 120
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