اخبار و اعلانات

 آمار

تعداد نشریات282
تعداد نشریات سازمان80
تعداد شماره‌ها3,168
تعداد مقالات35,197
تعداد مشاهده مقاله50,943,588
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله90,948,765
Wadi, Malik, Hakeem, Ibtehaj M.. (1404). Determination of Betanin, Apigenin, Catechin, and Caffeic Acid Levels in Iraqi Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) Extracts Using Various Extraction Methods. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 14(5), 473-476. doi: 10.22034/jmpb.2025.369403.1962
Malik K Wadi; Ibtehaj M. Hakeem. "Determination of Betanin, Apigenin, Catechin, and Caffeic Acid Levels in Iraqi Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) Extracts Using Various Extraction Methods". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 14, 5, 1404, 473-476. doi: 10.22034/jmpb.2025.369403.1962
Wadi, Malik, Hakeem, Ibtehaj M.. (1404). 'Determination of Betanin, Apigenin, Catechin, and Caffeic Acid Levels in Iraqi Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) Extracts Using Various Extraction Methods', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 14(5), pp. 473-476. doi: 10.22034/jmpb.2025.369403.1962
Wadi, Malik, Hakeem, Ibtehaj M.. Determination of Betanin, Apigenin, Catechin, and Caffeic Acid Levels in Iraqi Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) Extracts Using Various Extraction Methods. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1404; 14(5): 473-476. doi: 10.22034/jmpb.2025.369403.1962

Determination of Betanin, Apigenin, Catechin, and Caffeic Acid Levels in Iraqi Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) Extracts Using Various Extraction Methods

Journal of Medicinal plants and By-products
مقاله 13، دوره 14، شماره 5، آذر و دی 2025، صفحه 473-476    اصل مقاله (700.8 K)
نوع مقاله: Research Paper
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jmpb.2025.369403.1962
نویسندگان
Malik K Wadi؛ Ibtehaj M. Hakeem*
College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Iraq
چکیده
Beetroot is renowned for its rich content of natural pigments and antioxidants, particularly betalains and flavonoids, which are linked to various health benefits. Due to these compounds, beetroot is increasingly viewed as a valuable natural alternative to artificial food additives. This study aimed to quantify the levels of betanin- a key pigment in beetroot- and certain flavonoid compounds in beetroot extracts using six different extraction methods. The extraction solvents included water, alcohol, three concentrations of citric acid (1%, 0.5%, and 0.2%), ascorbic acid, and a combination of citric and ascorbic acids. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was utilized to determine the concentrations of betanin and flavonoids in each extract. The analysis revealed that both betanin and flavonoid levels varied depending on the extraction method, with betanin consistently being the most prevalent compound across the samples. These results highlight the importance of choosing the right extraction solvent to optimize the recovery of desired compounds, whether betanin or specific flavonoids. Ultimately, this research supports the use of beetroot as a source of beneficial natural additives and emphasizes the necessity of careful selection of extraction techniques to maximize yield and effectiveness.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Betanin؛ Flavonoids؛ Apigenin؛ Catechin؛ Caffeic acid
مراجع
  1. Dey S., Nagababu B.H. Applications of food color and bio-preservatives in the food and its effect on the human health. Food Chemistry Advances. 2022; 1: 100019.
  2. Roy S. Membrane-associated RING ubiquitin ligase RNF-121 and advancement of cancer. Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports. 2025; 5(2): 80-90.
  3. Valizadehkakhki E., Mohammadi Zonoz F., Saljooghi A.S., Matin M., Ahmadi Koopaee Z.S. Toxicity comparison of two nanocarriers, magnetic mesoporous silica and polyoxometalate, using in vitro methods in PC-3 cells. Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports. 2025; 5(3): 187-197.
  4. Chhikara N., Kushwaha K., Sharma P., Gat Y., Panghal A. Bioactive compounds of beetroot and utilization in food processing industry: A critical review. Food Chemistry. 2019; 272: 192-200.
  5. Hussein S., Laluf A., Ahmed Y., Ahmed B., Iyad A. Determination of inhibition activity of α-amylase enzyme, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity and phenolic compounds by using some medical plants. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2020; 51(1).
  6. Borjan D., Šeregelj V., Andrejč D.C., Pezo L., Šaponjac V.T., Knez Ž., Vulić J., Marevci M.K. Green techniques for preparation of red beetroot extracts with enhanced biological potential. Antioxidants. 2022; 11(5): 805.
  7. Wadi M.K., Hakeem I.M. Antioxidants and Anticancer Activity of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) Extract. Journal of Medicinal plants and By-Products. 2024.
  8. Sandate-Flores L., Rodríguez-Hernández D.V., Rostro-Alanis M., Melchor-Martínez E.M., Brambila-Paz C., Sosa-Hernández J.E., Parra-Saldívar R., Rodríguez-Rodríguez J., Iqbal H.M. Evaluation of three methods for betanin quantification in fruits from cacti. MethodsX. 2022; 9: 101746.
  9. Fang Q., Wu P., Yang L. Separation and determination of puerarin by high performance liquid chromatography. Yao xue xue bao= Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. 1983; 18(9): 695-699.
  10. Farhan M.M., Hassawi D.S., Ibraheem N.K. Extraction, fractionation, and seperatione of cynaroside and scolymoside from Cynara scolymus L. grown in Iraq. The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science. 2023; 54(2): 421-430.
  11. Singh M.P., Gupta A., Sisodia S.S. Qualitative analysis of gallic acid by HPLC method in different extracts of Terminalia bellerica Roxb. fruit. FABAD Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2019; 44(2): 101-106.
  12. Li D., Martini N., Wu Z., Wen J. Development of an isocratic HPLC method for catechin quantification and its application to formulation studies. Fitoterapia. 2012; 83(7): 1267-1274.
  13. Woottisin N., Kongkiatpaiboon S., Sukprasert S., Sathirakul K. Development and validation of stability indicating HPLC method for determination of caffeic acid, vitexin and rosmarinic acid in Thunbergia laurifolia leaf extract. Pharmacognosy Journal. 2020; 12(3).
  14. López N., Puértolas E., Condón S., Raso J., Alvarez I. Enhancement of the extraction of betanine from red beetroot by pulsed electric fields. Journal of Food Engineering. 2009; 90(1): 60-66.
  15. Sharma S., Ali A., Ali J., Sahni J.K., Baboota S. Rutin: therapeutic potential and recent advances in drug delivery. Expert opinion on investigational drugs. 2013; 22(8): 1063-1079.
  16. Al-Abide N. Morphological and chemical characteristics of two species belong to Alysseae and Lepidieae tribes spread in northern Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2022; 53(4): 911-921.
  17. Gullon B., Lú-Chau T.A., Moreira M.T., Lema J.M., Eibes G. Rutin: A review on extraction, identification and purification methods, biological activities and approaches to enhance its bioavailability. Trends in food science & technology. 2017; 67: 220-235.
  18. Ali F., Rahul, Naz F., Jyoti S., Siddique Y.H. Health functionality of apigenin: A review. International Journal of Food Properties. 2017; 20(6): 1197-1238.
  19. Cvetanović A., Švarc-Gajić J., Gašić U., Tešić Ž., Zengin G., Zeković Z., Đurović S. Isolation of apigenin from subcritical water extracts: Optimization of the process. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids. 2017; 120: 32-42.
  20. Sarvamangala D., Babu C., Sowjanya N. Production of gallic acid-a short review. Int. J. Sci. Res. Methodol. 2015; 4: 125-132.
  21. Alsaloom A.N. Testing and evaluation of bioactive compounds in soybean. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2023; 54(1): 85-92.
  22. Georgiev V.G., Weber J., Kneschke E.-M., Denev P.N., Bley T., Pavlov A.I. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of betalain extracts from intact plants and hairy root cultures of the red beetroot Beta vulgaris cv. Detroit dark red. Plant foods for human nutrition. 2010; 65: 105-111.
  23. Khattab S.A., Hussien W.F., Raafat N., Ahmed Alaa El-Din E. Effects of catechin hydrate in benzo [a] pyrene-induced lung toxicity: Roles of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods. 2021; 31(6): 467-475.
  24. Wadi M.K., Hakeem I.M. Antioxidants and Anticancer Activity of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) Extract. Journal of Medicinal plants and By-Products. 2024; In Press.
  25. Ramezani S.R., Mojra A., Tafazzoli-Shadpour M. Investigating the effects of substrate stiffness on half-maximal inhibitory concentration of chemical anticancer drugs, cell viability and migration of cell lines. Cell Mol Biomed Rep. 2025; 5(3): 141-147.
  26. Reddy K.T.K., Reddy A.S. Recent Breakthroughs in Drug Delivery Systems for Targeted Cancer Therapy: An Overview. Cell Mol Biomed Rep. 2025; 5(1): 13-27.
  27. Ye J.-C., Hsiao M.-W., Hsieh C.-H., Wu W.-C., Hung Y.-C., Chang W.-C. Analysis of caffeic acid extraction from Ocimum gratissimum Linn. by high performance liquid chromatography and its effects on a cervical cancer cell line. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2010; 49(3): 266-271.
  28. Abid S., Abdula A.M., Al Marjani M., Abdulhameed Q. Synthesis, antimicrobial, antioxidant and docking study of some novel 3, 5-disubstituted-4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles incorporating imine moiety. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry. 2019; 62(4): 739-749.
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 285
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 231


counter
سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. طراحی و پیاده سازی از سیناوب