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بررسی اثربخشی روشهای مختلف کنترل علفهای هرز و عملکرد پیاز خوراکی (Allium cepa L.) | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 36، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 141، اسفند 1403، صفحه 49-31 اصل مقاله (725.49 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2025.367907.1688 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سعید سعیدی پور* 1؛ علیرضا جلیلی2 | ||
| 1گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد شوشتر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شوشتر، ایران | ||
| 2گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد شوشتر، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی، شوشتر، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پیاز (.Allium cepa L) یکی از مهمترین سبزیجات خانواده Alliaceae است که در سراسر جهان کشت میشود. در پیاز، علفهای هرز یکی از نگرانیهای عمدهای است که باعث کاهش عملکرد آن میشود. مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی اثربخشی روشهای مختلف کنترل علفهای هرز در پیاز انجام شد. در این تحقیق چهار تیمار شامل خاکپوش پلیاتیلن سیاه، خاکپوش پلیاتیلن شفاف، علفکش پیشرویشی اسمتالاکلر و علفکش پیشرویشی اسمتالاکلر+پندیمتالین بههمراه شاهد برای کنترل علفهای هرز انتخاب شدند. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت معنیداری بین تیمارهای کنترل علفهای هرز وجود دارد. در بین تیمارها، بیشترین ارتفاع بوته (33 سانتیمتر)، تعداد برگ در بوته (8)، قطر سوخ (7/4 سانتیمتر)، وزن سوخ (73 گرم) و عملکرد سوخ (65850 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در پشتههای پوشیده شده با خاکپوش پلیاتیلن سیاه بهدست آمد. در کلیه تیمارهای اعمال شده به استثنای خاکپوش پلیاتیلن شفاف تعداد گونه، وزن تر و خشک، تراکم و تنوع شانون در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد کاهش معنیدار نشان داد. البته بیشترین کاهش وزن خشک با (2/72 گرم در متر مربع)، تعداد گونه با (16/6 بوته در متر مربع)، تراکم با (85 بوته در متر مربع) و شاخص تنوع شانون با (36/1) در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد مربوط به تیمار خاکپوش پلیاتیلن سیاه بود. ازاینرو، خاکپوش پلیاتیلن سیاه بهعنوان خاکپوش، گزینه مناسبتری برای مدیریت علفهای هرز و بهبود عملکرد در کشت پیاز پیشنهاد میشود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| پیاز؛ علفکشهای پیشرویشی؛ خاکپوش؛ پلیاتیلن | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effectiveness of different weed control practices on weed biomass and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| saeed saeedipour1؛ Alireza Jallili2 | ||
| 1Department ogagroomy, Faculty of agriculture, Shoushtar branch, Islamic Azad University, , Shoushtar, Iran | ||
| 2Department of agronomy, Faculty of agriculture, Shoushtar Branch, Isalmic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a monocotyledonous and biennial plant of the Alliaceae family, which is used as a vegetable and seasoning. This plant needs a lot of water and fertilizer, which increases the risk of weeds. The decrease in onion yield due to weed infestation is estimated to be around 40-80% (Channappagoudar and Biradar, 2007, Angiras et al., 2008). The use of herbicides and agronomic measures are among the effective ways to control weeds in onion fields. Metallachlor is an inhibitor of cell division and this herbicide controls annual narrow-leaved weeds and broad-leaved weeds. Periact is a herbicide from the group of dinitroanilines and it is absorbed through the roots and leaves and by preventing cell division, it causes the death of the plant in a short period of time after germination. One of the non-chemical solutions to suppress weeds is the use of mulch. Soil covers include organic and inorganic compounds, according to existing reports, plastic soil covers are more important for controlling soil conditions and increasing yield (Darvishi et al., 2020). Since the research in the field of weed control in onions is limited and due to the increase in the cultivated area of this commercial plant, manual control of its weeds is difficult, and on the other hand, some herbicides may not be effective. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of different methods of weed control. Materials & Methods With the aim of comparing the effectiveness of different methods of weed control and its effect on the onion crop in Ramhormoz region, an experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with four treatments. The treatments include: T1 = black plastic mulch, T2 = transparent plastic mulch, T3 = S-Metalachlor pre-emergent herbicide and T4 = S-Metalchlor pre-emergent herbicide + pendimethalin and control treatment (T5) in four replication. The height of the plant and the total number of leaves per plant were measured at intervals of 15 days during three times after planting the seedlings. Bulb diameter and bulb weight at the time of harvest were estimated from a surface equivalent to one square meter. To check the effectiveness of experimental treatments on weed control, quadrats of 0.5 x 0.5 square meters were used and weeds were removed at the time of harvest. The measurement of dry biomass was calculated after placing in an oven at 70°C for 48 hours. Results & Discussion Onion yield changes were between 658 and 39150 in the field, which was more than the highest amount related to the black mulch treatment and the lowest was observed in the transparent mulch treatment. Control, Dolgold, Priact and transparent mulch treatments showed 23.8, 22, 8 and 40.5 percent reduction in yield compared to black mulch treatment, respectively. It seems that the use of black plastic mulch affects the absorption of nutrients by the roots by modulating the soil temperature, and also affects plant growth by controlling weeds and maintaining soil moisture. The lowest weed biomass (wet and dry weight) with 140.4 and 72.2 g.m-2 and with a reduction of 78.4 and 77.9 percent compared to the control in the polyethylene mulch treatment black was obtained. Applying the transparent plastic mulch treatment increased the fresh and dry biomass of weeds by 23% and 20%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. It seems that the transparent polyethylene mulch has warmed the soil with the passage of light and has made the conditions more favorable for the germination and growth of weeds. In such conditions, most types of weeds have been able to sprout and grow green. Unlike the transparent soil cover, the black polyethylene soil cover did not provide germination conditions due to the lack of sunlight transmission and caused the growth of germinated weeds. Conclusions The results of this research showed that the improvement of onion quantitative traits was affected by the experimental treatments. So that the use of black plastic mulch, due to preventing the light from reaching the soil surface, reduces the germination and density of weeds by 57.7% compared to the control treatment and up to 62% compared to transparent polyethylene soil cover. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Onion, polythene, pre-emergence herbicide, soil cover | ||
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