The Response of Some Alien Weeds in Iran to Environmental Factors and Their Distribution: A Literature Review | ||
| دانش علفهای هرز ایران | ||
| Volume 20, Issue 1, June 2024, Pages 115-131 PDF (2 M) | ||
| DOI: 10.22034/ijws.2024.133951 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Sima Sohrabi1; Javid Gherekhloo2; Mehdi Minbashi Moeini3; Eskandar Zand4 | ||
| 1Gorgan | ||
| 2Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources | ||
| 3Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) | ||
| 4Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection | ||
| Abstract | ||
| An alien plant refers to a species that was introduced either deliberately or accidentally by humans. An invasive alien species (IAS) is a naturalized plant that produces reproductive offspring, often in very large numbers, at considerable distances from parent plants and negatively affects environmental and socio-economic aspects. These species have a detrimental impact on agricultural and non-agricultural ecosystem components. In this research, 14 alien weeds were examined regarding their current distribution, invasive status, and germination responses to various factors, including temperature, drought, salinity, soil acidity, and planting depth. The findings indicated that, from the 14 species, four were identified as invasive species in the northern parts of Iran, while the remaining species were naturalized. Certain species, including Amaranthus retroflexus and Amaranthus blitoides, exhibit a broader distribution across the country, which can be attributed to their prolonged historical presence in Iran. The majority of the studied species (64%) prefer higher temperature ranges and cause problems in summer crop fields, and due to their higher presence in northern cities, the farms in these regions are more affected. Amaranthus retroflexus and A. hybridus showed the highest tolerance (>1 MPa) to drought stress compared to other species. Three species showed the lowest tolerance to salinity at the germination stage (<6 dS/m). The findings regarding planting depth indicated that 57% of species had better emergence at depths less than four cm. Therefore, it is necessary to employ tillage operations and mulch application at greater depths and in larger volumes, respectively. Monitoring the early growth of these species under natural conditions can provide more reliable results regarding their response to environmental stresses, especially if the goal is to investigate their distribution potential in different climates or to predict their response to a reduction in precipitation. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Amaranthus species; burial depth; distribution; drought; invasive weed; salinity | ||
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