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تاثیر عصاره های گیاهی بر بیماری زایی نماتد مولد غده Meloidogyne sp. در خیارگلخانه ای (Cucumis sativus) | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاهپزشکی | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 12، شماره 1، شهریور 1403، صفحه 29-49 اصل مقاله (928.98 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2025.368125.384 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سمیه اشرف1؛ جلال غلام نژاد* 2؛ حیدر مفتاحیزاده3؛ محمدرضا ارژنگ1 | ||
| 1دانشجو کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، یزد، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشیار بیماری شناسی گیاهی، عضو هیئت علمی علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان | ||
| 3دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، یزد، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| نماتدهای گونه Meloidoyne sp. از مهمترین نماتدهای خسارتزای محصولات گلخانه، زراعی و باغی میباشند. به دلیل خاصیت آفت کشی عصاره و فرآوردههای بسیاری از گیاهان، میتوان از آنها در کنترل آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی بهره برد، این مواد گیاهی به سادگی قابل تهیه و بیخطر بوده، و دوست دار محیط زیست هستند. این مطالعه در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی و در چهار تکرار انجام گرفت که در آن از پنج نوع عصاره آبی گیاه (آنغوزهFerula assa–foetida L، زیتون تلخ Melia azedarach، ، مرزه Satureja hortensis، گل جعفری Tagetes patula و چای ترش Hibiscus Sabdariffa) استفاده شد. ابتدا، تأثیر این عصارهها در محیط آزمایشگاه بر روی لارو و تخم نماتد و در گلخانه بر روی شاخص بیماریزایی نماتد انجام و سپس در بخشی دیگر آزمون عصارههای گیاهی بر میزان فعالیت آنزیمهای دفاعی (پروتئین کل، کاتالاز و پراکسیداز) در گیاه خیارگلخانه ای (رقم نگین) بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که کلیه تیمارهای مورد بررسی سبب افزایش مرگ و میر لاروها در زمانهای 24 و 48 ساعت بعد از آزمایش شدند. از بین عصارههای مورد بررسی، گل جعفری، بیشترین درصد مرگ و میر لاروها را در 24 ساعت اول، در تمام غلظتها نشان داد. در 24 ساعت دوم (48 ساعت بعد از شروع آزمون) نیز تمام غلظتهای عصارۀ گل جعفری (0، 5، 15، 25 و 50 درصد)، در مقایسه با سایر عصارهها بیشترین تأثیر را بر مرگ و میر لاروهای نماتد داشتند به طوریکه غلظتهای 50 و 25 درصد به ترتیب سبب مرگ 100 و 82/5 درصدی لاروهای نماتد شدند. در بین عصارههای گیاهی، بیشترین بازدارندگی به ترتیب مربوط به عصارۀ گل جعفری با بازدارندگی 90%، عصارۀ آنغوزه با بازدارندگی 73/50 درصد، عصارۀ زیتون تلخ با بازدارندگی 67/52 درصد و عصارۀ چای ترش با بازدارندگی 65/21 درصد بود. در گلخانه، پس از گذشت 45 روز اثر سطوح مختلف عصارههای گیاهی بر دو فاکتور شاخص گال و تعداد لارو سن دوم در 200 گرم خاک مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. تمامی تیمارهای اعمال شده تعداد لارو موجود در خاک را به طور معنی داری در مقایسه با شاهد (348 لارو) کاهش دادند. کمترین تعداد لارو در بین تیمارهای اعمال شده مربوط به غلظت 100% عصارۀ گل جعفری با تعداد 41/67 عدد لارو بود. نتایج اندازهگیری میزان پروتئین نشان داد که بیشترین میزان پروتئین به ترتیب مربوط به غلظت 100 درصد عصارۀ گل جعفری به همراه نماتد (در روز پانزدهم) به میزان پروتئین 1/99 میلی گرم در لیتر، و سپس غلظت 75 درصد عصاره به همراه نماتد به میزان 1/63 میلی گرم در لیتر بود. بیشترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز و کاتالاز، در غلظت 100 درصد عصارۀگل جعفری به همراه نماتد، به ترتیب به میزان ΔOD/Min/mg protein 3/93 و 5/34 مشاهده شد و در بین روزهای نمونه برداری بیشترین میزان فعالیت هر دو آنزیم پراکسیداز و کاتالاز در روز پانزدهم صورت گرفت. براساس نتایج، بعد از عصارۀ گل جعفری، عصارۀ آبی آنغوزه دارای اثر نماتدکشی مطلوبی در مقایسه با عصاره سایر گیاهان مورد مطالعه بود. بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه از عصارههای گل جعفری و آنغوزه میتوان در برنامههای کنترل تلفیقی آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی استفاده کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| خیار؛ نماتد گره ریشه؛ عصاره گیاهی؛ فعالیت آنزیمی؛ گلخانه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of plant extracts on root–knot nematode pathogenicity caused by Meloidogyne sp. on greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Somayeh Ashraf1؛ jalal gholamnezhad2؛ Hidar Meftahizadeh3؛ Mohammad Reza Arzhang1 | ||
| 1MS.c. Student, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Yazd, Iran. | ||
| 2https://ardakan.ac.ir/ | ||
| 3Associate professor, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Yazd, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background & Objectives Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), belongs to the pumpkin family, is an annual plant & is one of the most important vegetables in Iran & the world. Meloidone sp. nematodes are one of the most important nematodes causing damage to greenhouse, agricultural & garden products. Due to the pesticidal properties of the extracts & products of many plants, they can be used to control pests & plant diseases, these plant materials are easy to prepare & safe, & they are environmentally friendly. Materials & Methods This study was carried out in the form of a completely randomized design & in four replications & the effect of aqueous extracts of five types of plants (Ferula, bitter olive, savory, tagetes, roselle) on tuber producing nematode in greenhouse cucumber, the effect of these extracts in the laboratory environment on nematode larvae & eggs were investigated in the greenhouse on nematode pathogenicity, & in third section, plant extracts were tested on the activity of defensive enzymes (total protein, catalase & peroxidase) in cucumber plants. Results According to the results, all the investigated treatments caused a significant increase in larval mortality at 24 & 48 hours after the experiment. Tagetes, among the studied extracts, showed the highest percentage of larvae mortality in the first 24 hours, in all concentrations. In the second 24 hours (48 hours), all concentrations of tagetes extract (0, 5, 15, 25 & 50%) had the greatest effect on the mortality of nematode larvae compared to other extracts. that the concentrations of 50 & 25% caused the death of 100 & 82.5% of nematode larvae. Despite the acceptable nematicidal effect of all the investigated extracts, the effect of the aqueous extract of parsley flower & then the extract of Ferula on the death of nematode larvae was much more significant than other extracts. The highest percentage of inhibition of nematode egg hatching was observed at 50% concentration of different extracts, & the highest inhibition was related to tagetes extract with 90% inhibition, Ferula extract with 73.50% inhibition, bitter olive extract with 67.52% inhibition & Sour tea with inhibition was 65.21%. In the greenhouse, after 45 days, the effect of different levels of plant extracts on the two factors of gall index & the number of second instar larvae per 200 grams of soil was evaluated. All used treatments significantly reduced the number of larvae in the soil compared to the control (348 larvae). The lowest number of larvae among the applied treatments was related to the concentration of 100% tagetes extract with the number of 41.67 larvae. The highest numerical value of gall index, after the control, was related to the concentration of 25% bitter olive extract, whose numerical value was 4.67 without any difference with the control, the smallest gall index was showed in the treatment of 75% tagetes extract with a numerical value of 1.67. The results of measuring the amount of protein showed that the highest amount of protein was related to the concentration of 100% of tagetes extract with nematodes (on the fifteenth day) at a protein level of 1.99 mg/liter, & then the concentration of 75% of the extract with nematodes to the amount was 1.63 mg. The highest level of peroxidase enzyme activity was observed in 100% concentration of tagetes extract with nematode, at the rate of 3.39 ΔOD/Min/mg protein. The highest activity level of catalase enzyme was observed in 100% concentration of tagetes extract with nematode, at 34.5ΔOD/Min/mg protein, & among the days of sampling, the highest activity level of both catalase peroxidase enzymes was observed on the 15th day. Discussion According to the results of studying the activity of plant defense enzymes, it was found that plant extracts (tagetes) have the ability to induce defense responses even in sensitive cultivars. In this research, it was proved that the extract of parsley flower, with its significant effect on increasing the expression of defense genes of the plant & as a result of increasing the activity of defense genes, increases the resistance of the plant to the pathogen M. javanica. . | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Cucumber, Root knot nematode, Plant extract, Enzyme activity | ||
| مراجع | ||
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