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Morphological variation of Carpinus betulus leaf and fruit in Hyrcanian and Arasbaran forests (Iran) | ||
| Rostaniha | ||
| دوره 26، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 73، اسفند 2025، صفحه 124-138 اصل مقاله (1008.37 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bot.j.iran.2025.369113.1416 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Younes Asri1؛ Sona Akhondnezhad* 2؛ Mohamad Hasan Jafari Sayadi3 | ||
| 1Associate Prof., Botany Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Prof., Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr Branch, Azadshahr, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Prof., Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, University of Payame Noor, Tehran, Iran) | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Carpinus betulus L. (Betulaceae), a tree about 30 meters high that is distributed in Europe, Caucasus, Turkey, and Iran. These trees, with their wide distribution, are always undergoing changes in their appearance traits. For this purpose, the variation of leaf and fruit morphological traits in 13 populations of the C. betulus (hornbeam) located in four provinces (Golestan, Mazandaran, Guilan, and E. Azarbaijan) of Iran was investigated. In July 2005, 10 trees were selected from natural habitats, maintaining a minimum distance of 100 meters between them. Random samples of leaves, catkins, bracts, and fruits were collected from the outer parts of the crown. The evaluation of morphological traits across populations revealed significant differences in most traits, except for the number of veins, beak length and width, seed weight, and the number of seed sulcate. Principal component analysis indicated that the first component placed greater emphasis on leaf area, bract length and width, beak width, and seed width. The second component highlighted leaf width, catkin width, petiole length, and beak length as key traits, while the third component prioritized catkin length, seed weight, and the number of seed sulcate. Cluster analysis of the studied traits revealed that the trees sampled from 13 populations were grouped into five distinct clusters, based on variance changes in cluster formation. The findings indicated intraspecific variation in Carpinus species regarding morphological traits of leaves, seeds, bracts, and catkins. Additionally, traits such as the number of veins, beak length and width, seed weight, and the number of seed sulcate showed lower sensitivity to environmental influences, making them valuable distinguishing traits for identifying of the said species. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Altitudinal transect؛ Betulaceae؛ cluster analysis؛ intraspecific variation؛ plasticity؛ principal component analysis | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| تنوع ریختی برگ و میوه ممرز در جنگل‌های هیرکانی و ارسباران | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| یونس عصری1؛ سونا آخوندنژاد2؛ محمدحسن جعفری صیادی3 | ||
| 1دانشیار پژوهش بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌شناسی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد آزادشهر، آزادشهر، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار گروه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| مَمرَز (Carpinus betulus) متعلق به تیره توس درختی به ارتفاع حدود 30 متر است که در اروپا، قفقاز، ترکیه و ایران انتشار دارد و با پراکنش وسیع، همواره دستخوش تغییراتی در صفات ظاهری خود بوده است. به همین منظور، تنوع صفات ریخت‌شناسی برگ و میوه در 13 جمعیت گونه مَمرَز واقع در استان‌های گلستان، مازندران، گیلان و آذربایجان‌شرقی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تعداد 10 پایه درخت از رویشگاه‌های طبیعی، با فواصل حداقل 100 متر از یکدیگر انتخاب شدند و نمونه‌های برگ، شاتون، برگه و میوه از خارج تاج به صورت تصادفی جمع‌آوری گردید. از میان صفات ریخت‌شناسی اندازه‌گیری شده بین جمعیت‌ها به جز تعداد رگبرگ، طول و عرض منقارک، وزن دانه و تعداد شیار دانه، سایر صفات تفاوت معنی‌داری داشتند. تجزیه داده‌ها به روش تجزیه مؤلفه‌های اصلی نشان داد که در مؤلفه اول مساحت برگ، طول و عرض برگه، عرض منقارک و عرض دانه؛ در مؤلفه دوم عرض برگ، عرض شاتون، طول دمبرگ و طول منقارک و در مؤلفه سوم طول شاتون، وزن دانه و تعداد شیار دانه اهمیت بیشتری در مقایسه با سایر صفات داشتند. نتایج تجزیه خوشه‌ای براساس کلیه صفات مورد مطالعه نشان داد که با توجه به تغییرات واریانس تشکیل خوشه‌ها، پایه‌های نمونه‌گیری شده از 13 جمعیت به پنج گروه مجزا تفکیک شدند. براساس نتایج به دست آمده در گونه مَمرَز از نظر صفات ریخت‌شناسی برگ، دانه، براکته و شاتون تنوع درون‌گونه‌ای وجود دارد. همچنین می‌توان از صفات تعداد رگبرگ، طول و عرض منقارک، وزن دانه و تعداد شیار دانه به دلیل تاثیرپذیری کمتر از عوامل محیطی به عنوان صفات متمایزکننده در تفکیک گونه مذکور استفاده کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| پلاستیسیتی, ترانسکت ارتفاعی, تجزیه مؤلفه‌های اصلی, تجزیه خوشه‌ای, تنوع درون‌گونه‌ای, Betulaceae | ||
| مراجع | ||
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