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شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی عصاره آبی گیاهان رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare) و گزنه (Urtica dioica) و اثر نماتدکشی آن‌ها روی نماتد ریشه‌گرهی توتون (Meloidogyne incognita). | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 12، شماره 1، شهریور 1403، صفحه 13-28 اصل مقاله (556.08 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2024.367420.377 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| مرضیه شازده احمدی* | ||
| محقق، بخش بیوتکنولوژی- مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش توتون تیرتاش ، بهشهر، مازندران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| نماتدهای ریشه گرهی (Meloidogyne sp.) به دلیل نحوه خسارت و دامنه میزبانی وسیع از نظر اقتصادی از مهم‌ترین نماتدهای پارازیت گیاهی در سطح جهان می باشند و سالیانه خسارات جبران ناپذیری را در سراسر جهان به محصولات مختلف کشاورزی وارد می‌سازند. در سالیان اخیر، تحقیقات بسیاری برای دستیابی به ترکیبات گیاهی مناسب، به منظور جایگزین کردن ترکیبات شیمیایی با ترکیبات طبیعی، جهت کنترل نماتدها انجام گرفته است. به منظور دستیابی به روشی مؤثر، کم خطر و اقتصادی برای کنترل نماتد ریشه گرهی (Meloidogyne incognita) روی گیاه توتون، در این تحقیق، اثر عصاره های آبی دانه رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare) و برگ گزنه (Urtica dioica) روی عدم تفریخ تخم و مرگ و میر لاروهای سن دوم نماتد M. incognita مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. عصاره های آبی، به روش خیساندن با آب تهیه شدند. بررسی ها در دو قسمت آزمایشگاهی و گلخانه ای انجام شد. همچنین، ترکیبات شیمیایی تشکیل دهنده عصاره آبی گیاهان رازیانه و گزنه با استفاده از دستگاه GC-MS شناسایی شدند. در بررسی آزمایشگاهی، غلظت های مختلف عصاره رازیانه به طور معنی داری درصد مرگ و میر لاروهای نماتد را نسبت به شاهد افزایش دادند، به طوری که غلظت های 15 و 20 درصد عصاره رازیانه، پس از 48 ساعت، موجب از بین رفتن 100% لاروهای سن دو نماتد در آزمایشگاه شدند. بالاترین درصد بازدارندگی تفریخ تخم نماتد نیز در غلظت 20 درصد تیمار عصاره رازیانه به میزان 78/9 درصد در شرایط آزمایشگاهی مشاهده شد. در بررسی گلخانه ای، یک هفته پس از نشاکاری توتون رقم K326، در اطراف طوقه هر بوته، دو سوراخ به عمق 5 سانتی متر ایجاد و جهت تلقیح و مایه زنی، به هر گلدان، 25 میلی‌لیتر سوسپانسیون حاوی 2000 عدد تخم و لارو سن دوم نماتد M. incognita به طور مساوی به سوراخ‌ها اضافه گردید. عصاره های آبی گیاهان رازیانه و گزنه در غلظت های 15 و 20 درصد، در زمان 10 روز پس از مایه زنی با نماتد به خاک گلدان ها اضافه شدند. حدود دوماه پس از مایه زنی با نماتد، گیاهچه ها به آرامی از خاک هر گلدان خارج و صفات شاخص گال، تعداد توده تخم، متوسط تخم در هر توده، فاکتور تولید مثل، جمعیت نماتد در خاک و ریشه و درصد کنترل نماتد بررسی و ثبت گردید. طبق نتایج تجزیه واریانس، تمام شاخص های مربوط به نماتد در سطح یک درصد اختلاف معنی دار نشان دادند (P < 0.01). عصاره آبی رازیانه، تأثیر بهتری نسبت به عصاره گزنه داشت و بهترین تأثیر در کنترل نماتد در عصاره آبی رازیانه با غلظت 20 درصد حاصل شد. در مجموع، نتایج تحقیق حاضر، نشان دهنده قدرت بازدارندگی و نماتدکشی بالای این عصاره ها به خصوص، عصاره رازیانه علیه نماتد ریشه گرهی توتون (M. incognita) بوده است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| توتون؛ نماتد ریشه‌گرهی؛ عصاره گیاهی؛ رازیانه؛ گزنه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Identification of chemical compounds of aqueous extracts of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and nettle (Urtica dioica) plants and their nematicidal effect on tobacco root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Marziyeh Shazdeh ahmadi | ||
| Researcher, Biotechnology research department, Tirtash Tobacco Research and Education center, Behshahr, Mazandaran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.) are one of the most important plant parasitic nematodes in the world, due to the way of damage and the wide range of hosts, which attack many plants and annually cause irreparable damage to crops all over the world. In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted to identify suitable plant compounds to replace chemical agents with natural alternatives for nematode control. This research aimed to develop an effective, low-risk, and economical method for managing root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on tobacco plants by investigating the effects of aqueous extracts from fennel seed (F. vulgare) and nettle leaf (U. dioica) on the non-hatching of eggs and the mortality of second instar larvae of M. incognita. Aqueous extracts were prepared by soaking them with water. Investigations were carried out in two parts: laboratory and the greenhouse. Also, the chemical compounds of the aqueous extracts of F. vulgare and U. dioica plants were identified using GC-MS. In a laboratory study, different concentrations of the extract significantly increased the mortality rate of nematode larvae, so that the concentrations of 15% and 20% of F. vulgare extract, after 48 hours, caused the destruction of 100% of the old larvae. Two became nematodes. The highest inhibition percentage of nematode egg hatching was also observed in the treatment of F. vulgare extract with a concentration of 20% and 78.9% in laboratory conditions. In a greenhouse survey, one week after transplanting with K326 tobacco, two holes with a depth of 5 cm were made around the crown of each plant, and for inoculation and seeding, 2000 eggs and second instar larvae were placed in each pot. The nematode M. incognita was added. Aqueous extracts of F. vulgare and U. dioica plants in concentrations of 15 and 20% were added to the soil of the pots 10 days after inoculation with nematodes. About two months after inoculation with nematodes, the seedlings gradually emerged from the soil of each pot, and the characteristics of Gall index, the number of egg mass, average egg per mass, reproduction factor, nematode population in the soil and roots and the percentage of nematode control were investigated. and notes were taken. According to the results of analysis of variance, all the indicators related to nematodes showed a significant difference at the level of 1% (P < 0.01). Aqueous extract of F. vulgare had a better effect than U. dioica extract, and the best effect in nematode control was obtained in aqueous extract of F. vulgare with a concentration of 20%. In total, the results of research have shown the high inhibitory and nematicidal power of these extracts, especially F. vulgare against M. incognita. . | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| tobacco, root-knot nematode, plant extract, fennel, nettle | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Pflanzenschutz- Nachrichten. Bayer AG, 24: 141-144. | ||
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