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اثرات کشندگی چند حشره‌کش گیاهی و شیمیایی روی شته گندم Sitobion avenae و مگس گل Episyrphus balteatus | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| دوره 11، شماره 2، اسفند 1402، صفحه 81-91 اصل مقاله (559.32 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2025.368278.385 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| ریحانه براتی* | ||
| استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| حشرهکشها می‌توانند علاوه بر آفات، موجودات غیرهدف را نیز تحت تاثیر قرار دهد. شته‌های گندم از آفات مهم گندم هستند که علاوه بر تغذیه از شیره گیاهی، باعث انتقال بیماری‌های ویروسی نیز می‌شوند. در این پژوهش، اثرات کشندگی چند حشره‌کش توصیه شده علیه آفات گندم روی شته سبز گندم Sitobion avenae و مراحل حشره کامل و شفیره مگس گل Episyrphus balteatus مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط آزمایشگاهی با دمای 2 ± 2۴ درجه سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 60–50 درصد و دوره نوری 8 : 16 (تاریکی: روشنایی) انجام شد. تیمارها شامل حشرهکشهای فنیتروتیون در غلظت توصیه شده (۲ در هزار) و دو غلظت کمتر (0/5 و 1 در هزار)، دلتامترین در غلظت توصیه شده (0/7 در هزار) و دو غلظت کمتر (0/15 و 0/3 در هزار)، ماترین در غلظت توصیه شده (1/5 در هزار) و سه غلظت دیگر (0/7، 1 و 2 در هزار) و شاهد (آب) بودند. درصد مرگ و میر شته‌ها و مگس گل بررسی و حشرهکشها، طبق روش IOBC گروهبندی شدند. نتایج نشان داد تمام حشرهکشهای مورد مطالعه سبب تلفات ۱۰۰ درصدی شته‌های گندم شدند. همه تیمارها برای حشرات کامل مگس گل زیان‌آور بودند، به‌جز کمترین غلظت ماترین که نسبتا زیان‌آور بود. بیشترین اثر سوء برای شفیره مگس گل ناشی از فنیتروتیون 2 در هزار بود که سبب 32/32 درصد تلفات شد اما با کاهش غلظت مصرفی، میزان کشندگی به طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. دلتامترین 0/7 در هزار و ماترین 2 در هزار به ترتیب سبب تلفات 19/39 و 13/47 درصدی مگس گل شدند در حالی که غلظت‌های پایین‌تر این ترکیبات تلفاتی ایجاد نکردند. بر مبنای نتایج، لازم است ضمن پرهیز از افزایش غلظت مصرفی، از کاربرد حشرهکشهای دلتامترین، فنیتروتیون و ماترین در زمان اوج جمعیت مگس گل اجتناب شود. با توجه به این که مگس‌های گل نقش مهمی در مهار زیستی شته‌ها دارند، ضروری است که در برنامه‌های مدیریت آفات، اثرات حشرهکشها بر این حشرات مورد توجه قرار گیرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| دشمنان طبیعی؛ مدیریت تلفیقی آفات؛ آفتکش‌ها؛ مهار زیستی؛ مگس سیرفید | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Lethal effects of some botanical and chemical insecticides on the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae, and the flower fly, Episyrphus balteatus | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Reihaneh Barati | ||
| Assistant Professor, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, AREEO, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Abstract Insecticides used for pest management in agriculture, may also affect non–target organisms. Wheat aphids are important pests of wheat, causing not only damage through feeding on plant sap but also transmitting viral diseases. In this study, the lethal effects of several recommended insecticides against wheat pests were evaluated on the green wheat aphid, Sitobion avenae, and the adult and pupal stages of its natural predator, the flower fly Episyphus balteatus. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications under laboratory conditions with a temperature of 24 ± 2°C, relative humidity of 50–60%, and a light: dark photoperiod of 8:16 hours. The treatments included fenitrothion at the recommended concentration (2 ml/L) and two lower concentrations (0.5 and 1 ml/L), deltamethrin at the recommended concentration (0.7 ml/L) and two lower concentrations (0.15 and 0.3 ml/L), matrine at the recommended concentration (1.5 ml/L) and three lower concentrations (0.7, 1, and 2 ml/L), and control (water). The mortality rates of aphids and flower fly were recorded, and insecticides were classified according to the IOBC method The results showed that all tested insecticides caused 100% mortality of wheat aphids. All treatments were harmful to adult flower flies except for the lowest concentration of matrine, which was moderately harmful. The highest adverse effect on flower fly pupae was caused by fenitrothion at 2 ml/L, resulting in 32.32% mortality, however, the mortality rate significantly decreased with lower concentrations. Deltamethrin at 0.7 ml/L and matrine at 2 ml/L caused 19.39% and 13.47% mortality in flower fly pupae, respectively, while lower concentrations of these compounds caused no mortality. Based on the results, it is recommended to avoid increasing application concentrations and to refrain from using deltamethrin, fenitrothion, and matrine during peak flower fly population periods. Given the important role flower flies play in the biological control of aphids, it is crucial to consider the adverse effects of insecticides on these insects in pest management programs. . | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Natural enemies, Integrated Pest Management, Pesticides, Biological control, Syrphid fly | ||
| مراجع | ||
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