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بررسی تأثیر کود گاوی، کود زیستی و جیبرلین بر زادآوری و عملکرد گونه دارویی و در خطر انقراض گیاه بنسرخ (Allium jesdianum Boiss.) | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 12، دوره 41، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 123، فروردین 1404، صفحه 164-181 اصل مقاله (1.12 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2025.366188.3457 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زینب شریفی* 1؛ حمید رضا عیسوند2؛ ناصر اکبری1؛ امیدعلی اکپرپور1 | ||
| 1گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاوورزی دانشگاه لرستان خرم آباد ایران | ||
| 2استاد.گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاوورزی دانشگاه لرستان خرم آباد ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: بنسرخ (Allium jesdianum) یک گونه مهم دارویی و خوراکی از خانواده Alliaceae و بومی ایران است. در حال حاضر به دلیل برداشت بیش از حد در محیط بومی خود در معرض خطر انقراض است. این مطالعه به منظور تقویت کشت، احیای زیستگاه طبیعی و حفاظت از این گونه ارزشمند انجام شد. بنابراین، برای افزایش پایداری این گونه، اکوتیپهای وحشی در محیطهای کشاورزی کشت شدند و تأثیر تغذیه گیاه و اسید جیبرلیک بر موفقیت تولیدمثلی و عملکرد کلی آن بررسی شد. مواد و روش: آزمایش به صورت بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1401-1400 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه لرستان انجام شد. تیمارها شامل کود گاوی در دو سطح (0 و 40 تن در هکتار)، کود زیستی NPK (شامل آزوتوبروار-1، پتابروار-2 و فسفات بروار-2) در دو سطح (0، 100 گرم در هکتار) و اسید جیبرلیک (مشتق شده از GA3) در دو سطح (0 و غلظت 250 پیپیام) بودند. پیازها از رویشگاه طبیعی خود در ارتفاعات مجاور محل تحقیقات جمعآوری شدند. در این تحقیق از یک اکوتیپ وحشی A. jesdianum استفاده شد. پیازها پس از تلقیح با کود زیستی NPK (ازوتوبروار-1، پتابروار-2، فسفاتبروار-2) و اسید جیبرلیک تحت کشت مزرعه قرار گرفتند. صفات مختلفی ازجمله ارتفاع بوته، وزن تر و خشک برگ، وزن و قطر پیاز مادر، وزن و قطر پیازهای دختر، تولید پیاز دختر، عملکرد اقتصادی و عملکرد بیولوژیکی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. تجزیهوتحلیل دادهها با استفاده از نرمافزار SAS9.4 انجام شد و میانگین تیمارها با استفاده از آزمون LSD در سطح احتمال 5 درصد مقایسه گردید. نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که صفات رویشی مرتبط با عملکرد بهطور قابل توجهی تحت تأثیر کاربرد کود گاوی، کود زیستی NPK و اسید جیبرلیک چه در کاربرد منفرد تیمارها و چه در ترکیب با هم، قرار دارد. با وجود این، تعداد برگ در بوته هیچگونه تغییر معنیداری نشان نداد. حداکثر اندازهگیری ارتفاع بوته و وزن تر و خشک برگها به ترتیب 26.53 سانتیمتر، 8.24 گرم در بوته و 2.84 گرم در بوته در تیمار ترکیبی کود گاوی، کود زیستی NPK و اسید جیبرلیک بود. استفاده از کود و اسید جیبرلیک منجر به افزایش تقریباً 2.5 برابری در عملکرد برگ تازه و افزایش متوسط 18 درصد در عملکرد بیولوژیکی در مقایسه با شرایط بدون این تیمارها شد. متعاقباً، ترکیب کود گاوی و کود بیولوژیک بیشترین تأثیر را بر صفات کمی گیاهان نشان داد. وزن و قطر پیاز مادر بهطور قابل توجهی تحت تأثیر اثرهای اصلی و کاربرد توأم آنها قرار گرفت. حداکثر مقادیر ثبت شده برای این پارامترها 3.53 گرم در بوته و 22.52 میلیمتر بود که به اثر متقابل کود گاوی، کود زیستی NPK و اسید جیبرلیک نسبت داده شد. به دنبال این، اثر ترکیبی کود گاوی و کود زیستی NPK نیز بهطور قابل توجهی کمک کرد. بهطور مشابه، وزن و قطر پیازهای دختر تولیدی، روندهای مشابهی را با موارد مشاهده شده در پیازهای مادر نشان داد. موفقیت تولید در A. jesdianum بهطور قابلتوجهی با استفاده از کود گاوی، کودزیستی NPK و اسید جیبرلیک افزایش یافت. عملکرد بهینه پیاز در واحد سطح تحت کاربرد ترکیبی این کودها و اسید جیبرلیک (میانگین 13.33 عدد در واحد سطح) به دست آمد. نتیجهگیری: با توجه به نتایج آزمایش، استفاده از کود گاوی همراه با کود زیستی NPK و اسید جیبرلیک بهطور قابل توجهای باعث افزایش عملکرد گیاه و تولید پیازهای دختر میشود. در نتیجه، این تیمار برای کشاورزانی که به دنبال به حداقل رساندن اتکای خود به کودهای شیمیایی هستند توصیه میشود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| ازتوبارور-1؛ اسید جیبرلیک؛ پتا بارور-2؛ تکثیر؛ عملکرد؛ فسفات بارور-2 و کود آلی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of cow manure, biological fertilizer, and gibberellin on reproduction and yield of the endangered medicinal plant Allium jesdianum Boiss. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Zeinab Sharifi1؛ Hamid Reza Eisvand2؛ Naser Akbari1؛ Omid Ali Akbarpour1 | ||
| 1Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Plant Production Engineering and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran, | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Allium jesdianum is a valuable medicinal and edible plant belonging to the Alliaceae family and is native to Iran. However, due to excessive harvesting in its natural habitat, it is currently endangered. This study aimed to promote the cultivation, conservation, and habitat restoration of this endangered species. To ensure its sustainability, wild ecotypes were cultivated in controlled agricultural environments, and the effects of plant nutrition and gibberellic acid on reproductive success and overall yield were evaluated. Methodology: A randomized complete block experiment with three replications was conducted during the 2021–2022 growing season at the research farm of Lorestan University. The experimental treatments included cow manure at two levels (0 and 40 t/ha), NPK biofertilizer (Azotobarvar-1, Potabarvar-2, and Phosphatebarvar-2) at two levels (0 and 100 g/ha), and gibberellic acid (GA₃) at two levels (0 and 250 ppm). Bulbs were collected from their natural highland habitat near the research site and cultivated in the field after being inoculated with NPK biofertilizer and gibberellic acid. Various morphological and yield-related traits were measured, including plant height, fresh and dry leaf weight, weight and diameter of mother and daughter bulbs, daughter bulb production, economic yield, and biological yield. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.4 software, and treatment means were compared using the LSD test at a 5% significance level. Results: Applying cow manure, NPK biofertilizer, and gibberellic acid individually or in combination significantly influenced most vegetative and yield-related traits. However, the number of leaves per plant showed no significant variation. The highest plant height (26.53 cm), fresh leaf weight (8.24 g per plant), and dry leaf weight (2.84 g per plant) were recorded in the treatment combining cow manure, NPK biofertilizer, and gibberellic acid. Fertilizer and gibberellic acid application led to an approximately 2.5-fold increase in fresh leaf yield and an 18% improvement in biological yield compared to the control. The combination of cow manure and biological fertilizer had the most substantial impact on plant growth parameters. The weight and diameter of the mother bulb were significantly influenced by both the main effects and their interactions, with the highest values (3.58 g per plant and 22.52 mm) observed under the combined application of cow manure, biological fertilizer, and gibberellic acid. Similarly, the weight and diameter of daughter bulbs followed the same pattern. Reproductive success in A. jesdianum was significantly improved with the combined application of cow manure, biological fertilizer, and gibberellic acid. This treatment resulted in the highest bulb yield, averaging 13.33 bulbs per unit area. Conclusion: The results indicate that the integrated application of cow manure, NPK biofertilizer, and gibberellic acid significantly enhances plant yield and daughter bulb production. Therefore, this approach is recommended for farmers seeking to improve A. jesdianum cultivation while reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Azotobarvar-1, gibberellic acid, organic fertilizer, phosphatebarvar-2, potabarvar-2, production, yield | ||
| مراجع | ||
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