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تأثیر عصاره آبی جلبک دریایی سارگاسوم (Sargassum polycystum) بر رشد و ویژگیهای بیوشیمیایی گیاه ترخون (Artemisia dracunculus L.) در شرایط تنش خشکی | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 11، دوره 41، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 123، فروردین 1404، صفحه 145-163 اصل مقاله (791.44 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2024.364983.3425 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| احمد بخشی؛ وحید عبدوسی* ؛ مرضیه قنبری جهرمی | ||
| گروه علوم باغی و زراعی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: یکی از مهمترین عوامل اقلیمی که بر توزیع و پراکنش گیاهان سراسر جهان تاثیرگذار بوده و میتواند تغییرات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی و عملکردی در گیاه ایجاد کند، کمبود آب در دسترس گیاه در اثر تنش خشکی است. جلبکها به واسطه داشتن درصد بالای ترکیبات پلیمری است که قادرند مولکولهای آب را جذب نموده و به حالت ژلهای درآیند. درصد بالای املاح و ترکیبات معدنی موجود در جلبکها که نیاز گیاهان به املاح را تأمین میکنند و سبب تحریک رشد و محصول گیاه، ایجاد مقاومت در برابر تنشهای محیطی، افزایش جذب مواد مغذی از خاک و نیز افزایش صفات آنتیاکسیدانی میشوند. ترخون گیاهی است علفی که امروزه به عنوان طعمدهنده در صنایع غذایی و اسانس آن در کنسروسازی و عطرسازی کاربرد دارد. از آنجایی که عصاره جلبک دریایی میتواند با داشتن عناصر مورد نیاز گیاه و هورمونهای رشد بدون آسیب به طبیعت به عنوان کود زیستی جایگزین مناسبی برای کودهای شیمیایی و مقاومت گیاهان به انواع تنشهای محیطی شده و نقش مهمی در مدیریت تامین مواد غذایی سالم داشته باشد، تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی رشد و ویژگیهای بیوشیمیایی گیاه ترخون در شرایط تنش خشکی انجام شده است. مواد و روشها: تحقیق حاضر جهت بررسی رشد، خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی ترخون (Artemisia dracunculus L.) تحت تنش خشکی در چهار سطح (100، 80، 60 و 40 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و عصاره آبی جلبک دریایی سارگاسوم (عدم محلولپاشی (شاهد)، 1 و 2 گرم در لیتر)؛ در بهار سال 1402 در گلخانهای واقع در دماوند به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. نشاهای چهار برگی گیاه ترخون از مزرعه آموزشی آموزشکده فنی و حرفهای دماوند تهیه و به گلدانهای سه لیتری منتقل شدند. پس از استقرار گیاهچهها (حدود 10 روز بعد) تنش خشکی به مدت 45 روز و محلولپاشی عصاره جلبک دریایی همزمان با شروع تنش خشکی هر دو هفته یکبار انجام شد. وضعیت رطوبتی گلدانها به وسیله وزن کردن روزانه تمامی آنها مشخص گردید و بدین ترتیب نقصان رطوبتی گلدانها با اضافه نمودن مقدار آب لازم به صورت روزانه و رساندن آنها به حد ظرفیت زراعی تیمار مربوطه جبران شد. نمونهبرداری از گیاهان یک هفته تا 10 روز پس از اتمام تیماردهی زمانی که رشد رویشی گیاه کامل شد (ابتدای ورود به فاز زایشی) جهت اندازهگیری صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی شامل وزن تر و خشک بوته، ارتفاع و تعداد شاخه فرعی و فیتوشیمیایی شامل پرولین و کربوهیدرات محلول، فنول و فلاونوئید کل، فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی و درصد و عملکرد اسانس صورت گرفت. نتایج: نتایج نشان داد در شرایط تنش خشکی 40 درصد ظرفیت زراعی (تنش خشکی شدید) و عدم کاربرد عصاره جلبک کاهش معنیدار صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک گیاه (ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه اصلی، تعداد شاخه فرعی، وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی، میزان رنگیزههای فتوسنتزی (کلروفیل a، b و کل) گیاه) مشاهده شد، استفاده از عصاره جلبک سبب کاهش اثر منفی تنش خشکی در ترخون شد. در تیمار 60 درصد ظرفیت زراعی (تنش خشکی ملایم) و عدم استفاده از عصاره جلبک بیشترین مقدار فنول کل (82 میلیگرم بر گرم اسید گالیک)، فلاونوئید کل (64.33 میلیگرم بر گرم کوئرستین)، فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی (76 درصد) و درصد و عملکرد اسانس ترخون مشاهده گردید. تنش خشکی همچنین میزان آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدانی در گیاه ترخون را افزایش داد و به موجب آن سنتز کربوهیدرات محلول و پرولین نیز نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. از میان غلظتهای جلبک دریایی، عصاره جلبک 2 گرم در لیتر اثر مثبت بیشتری بر صفات مورد مطالعه داشت. نتیجه گیری: نتایج کلی تحقیق نشان داد که گیاه ترخون نسبت به تنش خشکی خیلی مقاوم نبوده و کاهش عملکرد با افزایش شدت تنش کاملا مشهود بود. در شرایط تنش خشکی استفاده از عصاره جلبک به ویژه عصاره 2 گرم در لیتر داری اثر بهتری در تعدیل شدت تنش خشکی با بهبود شاخصهای مورفوفیزیولوژیک و فیتوشیمیایی مانند مقدار فنول و فلاونوئید کل و میزان اسانس بوته ترخون شد. در بیشتر موارد اختلاف معنیداری بین 2 و 1 گرم در لیتر عصاره جلبک وجود داشت، بنابراین مقدار 2 گرم در لیتر عصاره جلبک در شرایط تنش خشکی پیشنهاد میگردد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| پرولین؛ تنش محیطی؛ فنول کل؛ کاتالاز؛ محرک رشد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of seaweed extract on the growth and biochemical characteristics of Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) under drought stress | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ahmad Bakhshi؛ Vahid Abdossi؛ Marziyeh Ghanbari Jahromi | ||
| Department of Horticultural science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Water availability is one of the most critical climatic factors influencing plant distribution worldwide. Drought stress, resulting from insufficient water availability, can induce plant morphophysiological, biochemical, and functional changes. Seaweed contains a high percentage of polymer compounds capable of absorbing water molecules and forming a gel-like structure. Additionally, its rich composition of salts and essential minerals fulfills plant nutrient requirements, promotes growth and yield, enhances resistance to environmental stress, improves nutrient uptake from the soil, and boosts antioxidant properties. Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) is an herb widely used as a flavoring agent in the food industry, with its essential oil playing a key role in canning and perfumery. Because seaweed extract serves as a natural biofertilizer, providing essential nutrients and plant growth hormones while being environmentally friendly, it represents a viable alternative to chemical fertilizers. Moreover, it enhances plant resilience to various environmental stresses and contributes to sustainable food production. This study aims to investigate the effects of seaweed extract on the growth and biochemical characteristics of tarragon under drought stress conditions. Methodology: This study was conducted to investigate the growth, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of the medicinal plant tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) under drought stress at four levels (100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% field capacity) and foliar application of aqueous Sargassum seaweed extract at three concentrations (0 g/L [control], 1 g/L, and 2 g/L). The experiment was carried out in the spring of 2023 in a greenhouse located in Damavand, using a factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design with three replications. Four-leaf tarragon seedlings were obtained from the training farm of Damavand Technical and Vocational School and transplanted into three-liter pots. After a 10-day establishment period, drought stress was applied for 45 days, with foliar spraying of seaweed extract performed every two weeks, starting simultaneously with the onset of drought stress. Soil moisture levels in the pots were monitored daily by weighing them, and water was added as needed to maintain the target field capacity for each treatment. Plant sampling was conducted one week to 10 days after the completion of treatments, coinciding with the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. Morphophysiological traits, including fresh and dry biomass, plant height, and the number of secondary branches, were measured. Additionally, biochemical parameters such as proline content, soluble carbohydrates, total phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and essential oil yield and percentage were analyzed. Results: The results indicated that under severe drought stress (40% field capacity) and in the absence of seaweed extract application, there was a significant reduction in morphophysiological traits, including plant height, main stem diameter, number of secondary branches, fresh and dry weight of aerial parts, and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll). However, the application of seaweed extract mitigated the adverse effects of drought stress on tarragon. Under mild drought stress (60% field capacity) without seaweed extract application, the highest levels of total phenol (82 mg/g gallic acid), total flavonoid (64.33 mg/g quercetin), antioxidant activity (76%), and essential oil yield and percentage were observed. Drought stress also enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes, leading to increased synthesis of soluble carbohydrates and proline compared to the control. Among the tested seaweed extract concentrations, the application of 2 g/L had the most significant positive impact on the evaluated traits, further improving plant resilience and biochemical responses under drought-stress conditions. Conclusion: The overall findings of this study indicate that tarragon exhibits limited resistance to drought stress, with a noticeable decline in yield as stress intensity increases. Under drought conditions, the application of seaweed extract, particularly at a concentration of 2 g/L, effectively mitigated the adverse effects of stress by enhancing morphophysiological and phytochemical traits, including total phenol, flavonoid content, and essential oil yield. In most cases, the difference between 2 g/L and 1 g/L of seaweed extract was statistically significant, with 2 g/L demonstrating superior effectiveness. Therefore, the application of 2 g/L seaweed extract is recommended to improve drought tolerance and maintain yield in tarragon under water-limited conditions. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| proline, environmental stress, total phenol, catalase, growth promoter | ||
| مراجع | ||
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