| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,272 |
| تعداد مقالات | 36,149 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 55,713,307 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 94,492,178 |
تأثیر سامانههای خاکورزی و قطع آبیاری در مراحل مختلف رشد گندم نان بر عملکرد دانه و ویژگیهای خاک در استان فارس | ||
| تحقیقات سامانه‌ها و مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی | ||
| دوره 25، شماره 89، فروردین 1403، صفحه 49-68 اصل مقاله (1.85 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/amsr.2025.368082.1509 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| شکوفه ساریخانی خرمی* 1؛ صادق افضلی نیا2؛ سید عبدالرضا کاظمینی3 | ||
| 1استادیار بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی؛ مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران | ||
| 2استاد بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران. | ||
| 3استاد بخش تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| خاکورزی حفاظتی با حفظ منابع آب و خاک، برای رسیدن به کشاورزی پایدار دارای اهمیت است. این پژوهش در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی و بهصورت کرتهای خرد شده در سه تکرار در کرتهای ثابت در سالهای زراعی 1399-1396 اجرا شد. فاکتور اصلی سه روش خاکورزی مرسوم، کمخاکورزی و بیخاکورزی و فاکتور فرعی چهار تیمار قطع آبیاری در مراحل گرده افشانی، شیری شدن دانة گندم و خمیریشدن دانة گندم سیروان و آبیاری کامل به عنوان شاهد بود. در سراسر فصل رشد و پس از برداشت، صفتهای روز تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، وزن هزاردانه، عملکرد دانه و ویژگیهای خاک شامل جرم مخصوص ظاهری، سرعت نفوذ آب، میزان کربن آلی و نیترات خاک اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج بررسی نشان داد که بین سامانههای خاکورزی از نظر وزن مخصوص ظاهری و سرعت نفوذ آب به خاک اختلاف معنیداری وجود دارد. در سامانة کمخاکورزی کمترین جرم مخصوص ظاهری خاک در هر دو عمق 10-0 و 20-10 سانتیمتر، و بیشترین سرعت نفوذ آب به خاک برابر با 15/1 میلیمتر بر دقیقه دیده شد. عملکرد دانة گندم در سامانههای کمخاکورزی و بیخاکورزی نسبت به خاکورزی مرسوم بهترتیب 14 و 4/20 درصد کمتر بود، ولی شخمهای عمیق و حفظنشدن بقایای گیاهی در سطح خاک در سامانه خاکورزی مرسوم به کاهش میزان کربن آلی خاک 2/6 و 13 درصد، در مقایسه با سامانههای کمخاکورزی و بیخاکورزی انجامید. با توجه به اینکه تعداد روز تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانة گندم در تیمار آبیاری کامل با تیمار اعمال قطع آبیاری در مرحله خمیریشدن دانه اختلاف معنیدار نداشت، نتیجهگیری شد که میتوان در شرایط محدودیت آب، بدون کاهش معنیدار در دورۀ رشد و عملکرد، آبیاری را در مرحلـة انتهای پرشدن دانه قطع کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بیخاکورزی؛ تنش رطوبتی؛ جرم مخصوص ظاهری؛ کمخاکورزی؛ گندم؛ ماده آلی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Tillage systems effect and irrigation cutting at different bread wheat growth stages on grain yield and soil properties in Fars province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Shokoofeh Sarikhani Khorami1؛ Sadegh Afzalinia2؛ Seyed Abdolreza Kazemeini3 | ||
| 1Department of Seed and Plant Improvement Research, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Agricultural Engineering Research, Fars Research and Education Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran. | ||
| 3Department of Plant Production and Genetics, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Implementing conservation tillage is important system to achieve sustainable agriculture by conserving water and soil resources. Experimental treatments were three-tillage practices—conventional tillage (CT), Minimum tillage (MT), and no tillage (NT)—and irrigation cutting at pollination, milky and seed dough developmental stages along with full irrigation were randomized in the main and subplots, respectively in a randomized complete block design arranged as split-plot with three replications. Wheat, Sirvan cultivar was sown in permanent plots during 2017–2020. Several agronomic traits including day to physical maturity, harvest index, thousand grain weight, and grain yield were measured during growing season and after harvest. The physical and chemical soil properties including soil bulk density, water infiltration, organic carbon, and nitrate content were also measured. Results showed that soil bulk density and water infiltiration were affected by tillage systems. MT system had lower soil bulk density at both soil layer (0-10 and 10-20 cm), and higher water infiltration (1.15 mm/min). Wheat grain yield under MT and NT systems was 14 and 20.4 % lower than CT system. Deep plowing and removing crop residue in CT system led to decrease soil organic matter by 6.2 and 13 % as compared to MT and NT, respectively. According to days to physiological maturity, and wheat grain yield was not significantly different between irrigation cutting of dough stage and full irrigation treatments, irrigation can be stopped at the end of grain filling without significant reduction in wheat growth duration, and grain yield under water limitation. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Bulk density, Tillage, Cutting irrigation, Wheat, Organic matter | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Afzalinia, S., & Karami, A. (2018). Effect of conservation tillage on the soil properties and cotton yield in the corn- wheat rotation. Iranian Journal of Biosystems Engineering, 41(9), 129-137. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijbse.2017.243058.664995. Afzalinia, S., & Zabihi, J. (2014). Soil compaction variation during corn growing season under conservation tillage. Soil and Tillage Research, 137, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.11.003. Afzalinia, S., Karam, A., & Mohammad, D. (2018). Effect of conservation tillage methods on soil physical properties and cotton yield in wheat-cotton rotation. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization, 4(2), 141-152. (in Persian) Afzalinia, S., Karami, A., & Alavimanesh, S. M. (2012). Comparing conservation and conventional tillage methods in corn–wheat rotation. Proceedings of the International Conference of Agricultural Engineering, July 8-12, Valencia, Spain. Anon. (2009). D3385–09 standard test method for infiltration rate of soils in field using double-ring infiltrometer. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). West Conshohocken, PA, USA. Asadi, M. E., Fizbakhsh, M. T., & Razzaghi, M. H. (2016). Study of silage maize yield and yield components under different managements of tillage. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 23(3), 150-171. https://doi/org/10.22069/jwfst.2016.3191. (in Persian) Babu, S., Singh, R., Avasthe, R., Kumar, S., Rathore, S. S., Ansari, M. A., Valente, D., & Petrosillo, I. (2023). Soil carbon dynamics under organic farming: Impact of tillage and cropping diversity. Ecological Indicators, 147, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.109940. Biberdzic, M., Barac, S., Lalevic, D., Djikic, A., Prodanovic, D., & Rajicic, V. (2019). Influence of soil tillage system on soil compaction and winter wheat yield. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 80(1), 80-89. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392020000100080. Bogunovic, I., Pereira, P., Galic, M., Bilandzija, D., & Kisic, I. (2020). Tillage system and farmyard manure impact on soil physical properties, CO2 emissions, and crop yield in an organic farm located in a Mediterranean environment (Croatia). Environmental Earth Sciences, 79(3), 70. https://doi/org/10.1007/s12665-020-8813-z. Bremner, J. M., & Mulvaney, C. S. (1982). Nitrogen-total. In: A. L., Page., R. H. Miller., & D. R. Keeney. (Eds.), Methods of soil analysis, Part 2. 2nd Ed. American Society of Agronomy—Soil Science Society of America: Madison, WI, USA. ISBN 0-89118-072-9. Cay, A. (2018). Impact of different tillage management on soil and grain quality in the Anatolian paddy rice production. Plant Soil Environment, 64(7), 303-309. https://doi.org/10.17221/277/2018-PSE. Ekhtiari, B., & Nabizadeh, A. (2018). Response of some new irrigated wheat line and cultivars to cut of terminal irrigation. Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, 14(3), 33-46. (in Persian) El Mekkaoui, A., Moussadek, R., Mrabet, R., Douaik, A., El Haddadi, R., Bouhlal, O., Elomari, M., Ganoudi, M., Zouahri, A., & Chakiri, S. (2023). Effects of tillage systems on the physical properties of soils in a semi-Arid region of morocco. Agriculture, 13, 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030683. Gholami, A., Asgari, H. R., & Zeinali, E. (2014). Effect of different tillage systems on soil physical properties and yield of wheat (Case study: Agricultural lands of Hakim Abad village, Chenaran township, Khorasan Razavi province). International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 2(5), 1539-1522. Available at: http://www.ijabbr.com. Hatzig, S. V., Nuppenau, J. N., Snowdon, R. J., & Schießl, S. V. (2018). Drought stress has transgenerational effects on seeds and seedlings in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). BMC plant biology, 18(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-018-1531-y. Huang, G., Chai, Q., Feng, F., & Yu, A. (2012). Effects of different tillage systems on soil properties, root growth, grain yield, and water use efficiency of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in arid Northwest China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 11(8), 1286-1296. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(12)60125-7. Jat, H. S., Datta, A., Sharma, P. C., Kumar, V., Yadav, A. K., Choudhary, M., Choudhary, V., Gathala, M. K., Sharma, D. K., Jat, M. L., Yaduvanshi, N. P. S., Gurbachan, S., & Mcdonald, A. (2017). Assessing soil properties and nutrient availability under conservation agriculture practices in a reclaimed sodic soil in cereal-based systems of North-West India. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 64, 531-545. https//: doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2017.1359415. Kapoor, D., Bhardwaj, S., Landi, M., Sharma, A., Ramakrishnan, M., & Sharma, A. (2020). The impact of drought in plant metabolism: how to exploit tolerance mechanisms to increase crop production. Applied Sciences, 10(16), 5692-5710. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165692. Komeili, H. R., Rezvani Moghaddam. P., Ghodsi. M., Nassiri Mahallati, M., & Jalal Kamal, M. R. (2016). Effect of different tillage methods and the rate of crop residues on yield, yield components and economic efficiency of wheat. Cereal Research, 6(3), 323-337. https//:doi.org/20.1001.1.22520163.1395.6.3.5.7. Li, S., Ji-Kang, C., Fu, C., Li, F., & Hai-Lin, K. (2008). Characteristics of growth and development of winter wheat under Zero-Tillage in the north china plain. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 34, 290-296. https//:doi.org/10.1016/S1875-2780(08)60013-9. Loveimi, N., Safari, M., & Heidarpour, N. (2011). Comparison of the effects of no tillage, minimum tillage and conventional tillage on dry land wheat yield in pebbly field in tropical region. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 1(2), 110-121. https://doi.org/10.22067/jam.v1i2.11359. Mori, S., Imam, Y., & Karimzade Sureshjani, H. A. (2012). Evaluation of drought resistance of wheat cultivars using yield, yield components and quantitative indicators of drought resistance. Environmental Stresses in Crop Science, 5(1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.22077/escs.2012.111. (in Persian) Nayel, M. H., Elneama, F. E. A., Dahab, M. H., Rahman, A., & El Mahdi, A. (2016). The effect of tillage system on soil physical properties in eddammer locality of northern Sudan. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 1(02), 27-34. https://doi.org/10.20936/AAE/160203. Nelson, D. W., & Sommers, L. E. (1982). Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: A.L. Page (Ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Parts 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. 2nd Ed. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c29. Orzech, K., Wanic, M., & Załuski, D. (2021). The effects of soil compaction and different tillage systems on the bulk density and moisture content of soil and the yields of winter oilseed rape and cereals. Agriculture, 11, 666. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070666. Pask, A. (2012). Determining key developmental stages. In: A. Pask., J. Petragella., D. Mullan., & M. Reynolds. (Eds.) Physiological breeding II: A field guide to wheat phenotyping. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico. ISBN: 978-970-648-182-5. Rabbani, J., & Emam, Y. (2011). Yield response of maize hybrids to drought stress at different growth stages. Isfahan University of Technology-Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 1(2), 65-78. https://doi.org/20.1001.1.22518517.1390.1.2.5.0. Sarikhani Khorami, Sh., Kazemini, S. A., Afzalinia, S., & Gathala, M. K. (2018). Changes in soil properties and productivity under different tillage practices and wheat genotypes: A short term study in Iran. Sustainability, 10(9), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093273. Sarikhani Khorami, Sh., Kazemini, S. A., Eslami, A., Yassei, M., Amini, A. A., Zare, I., Khademhamzeh, H. R., Afzalinia, S., Alijani, Kh., Qaedsharaf, F., & Mino, M. J. (2022). Quantitative comparison of conventional and conservation cropping systems under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO). No. 62761. (in Persian) Sekaran, U., Sagar, K. L., & Kumar, S. (2021). Soil aggregates, aggregate-associated carbon and nitrogen, and water retention as influenced by short and long-term no-till systems. Soil Tillage Research, 208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2020.104885. Shahzad, M., Farooq, M., Jabran, K., Yasir, T. A., & Hussain, M. (2016). Influence of various tillage practices on soil physical properties and wheat performance in different wheat-based cropping systems. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 18, 821-829. https://doi.org/10.17957/IJAB/15.0178. Spera, S. T., Escosteguy, P. A. V., Klein, V. A., Denardin, J. E., & Santos, H. P. (2011). Constrictive physical attributes of a dystrophic Red Latosol under soil tillage and crops rotation systems. Review of Agricultural, 4, 313-323. ISSN NO. 1984-2538. Spera, S. T., Santos, H. P., Fontaneli, R. S., & Tomm, G. O. (2009). Livestock-crop integration effects on physical attributes of a soil under no-till. The Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 33, 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832009000100014. Tobiasova, E., Lemanowicz, J., Debska, B., Kunkelova, M., & Sakac, J. (2023). The effect of reduced and conventional tillage systems on soil aggregates and organic carbon parameters of different soil types. Agriculture, 13, 818. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13040818. Wang, X., Vignjevic, M., Jiang, D., Jacobsen, S., & Wollenweber, B. (2014). Improved tolerance to drought stress after anthesis due to priming before anthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 65, 6441-6456. https://doi/org/10.1093/jxb/eru362. Wozniak, A., & Rachon, L. (2020). Effect of tillage systems on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain and soil properties. Agriculture, 10, 405. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10090405. Yadav, G. S., Datta, R., Pathan, Sh. I., Lal, R., Meena, R. S., Babu, S., Das, A., Bhowmik, S. N., Datta, M., Saha, P., & Mishra, P. K. (2017). Effects of conservation tillage and nutrient management practices on soil fertility and productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.)–rice system in North Eastern region of India. Sustainability, 9, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101816. Zarei., M. Kazemeini., S. A. R., & Bahrani., M. J. (2015). The effect of tillage systems and water stress on wheat growth and yield. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 12(4), 793-804. https://doi/org/10.22067/gsc.v12i4.25621. (in Persian) | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 507 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 294 |
||