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مطالعه کارآیی علف‌کش فلوراسولام (فلورکس WP 10%) در مقایسه با علف‌کش‌های رایج برای کنترل علف‌های هرز پهن برگ مزارع گندم (.Triticum aestivum L) | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 36، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 140، دی 1403، صفحه 84-58 اصل مقاله (866.58 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2024.362863.1654 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد حسن هادی زاده* 1؛ عبدالعزیز حقیقی2؛ حسین ثابت زنگنه3؛ پیمان ثابتی4 | ||
| 1عضو هیات علمی/ مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی | ||
| 2مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی- گنبد | ||
| 3بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی-مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز | ||
| 4بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی ،مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور بررسی کارایی فلوراسولام در مهار علفهایهرز پهن برگ گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار و 10 تیمار کنترل شیمیایی در چهار منطقه مشهد، اهواز، کرمانشاه و گنبد طی سال زراعی طی سال1400- 1399 انجام شد. تیمارها شامل تری‌بنورون-متیل (20 گرم در هکتار گرانستار 75%DF)؛ 2-توفوردی+ام‌سی‌پی‌آ (5/1 لیتر در هکتار یو46 کمبی فلوئید 5/67%SL )، 3-بروموکسینیل+ام‌سی‌پی‌آ (5/1 لیتر در هکتار، برومایسید ام‌آ ، 40%EC)، 4-بروموکسینیل+توفوردی (5/1 لیتر در هکتار، بوکتریل یونیورسال 56%EC)، 5-فلوروکسی-پیر (5/2 لیتر در هکتار، کاوین فلورکس 20%EC)، 6-بنتازون+دیکلوپروپ (2 لیتر در هکتار بازاگران دی‌پی 6/56%SL)، 7، 8، 9 و 10- فلوراسولام (75، 85، 95، 105 گرم در هکتار، فلورکس 10%WP)؛ بودند که به شکل پس‌رویشی در مرحله رشدی 25 زادوکس مصرف شدند. دو تیمار شاهد بدون مبارزه و شاهد عاری از علف هرز نیز در نظر گرفته شد. فلوراسولام در مقدار مصرف 95 گرم هکتار کارایی خوب تا عالی را (بیش از 85درصد برای سه منطقه‌ی مشهد، اهواز و گنبد و 70 تا 85 درصد برای کرمانشاه) در کنترل بیشتر پهن برگ‌های مناطق آزمایش نشان داد ولی در کنترل شاتره ( Fumaria parviflora) و تلخه (Acroptilon repense) به عنوان دو علف‌هرز سخت‌کنترل آزمایش، ضعیف تا متوسط (کمتر از 75 درصد) ارزیابی شد. عملکرد دانه‌ی گندم بدون اختلاف معنی‌دار نسبت به شاهد عاری از علف هرز (به ترتیب 75%، 89%، 96% و 91 درصد برای مشهد، اهواز، کرمانشاه و گنبد) ارزیابی شد و هیچگونه نشانگان خسارت ظاهری ناشی از اثر فلوراسولام ثبت نشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تراکم؛ سخت‌کنترل؛ عملکرد؛ گیاه‌سوزی؛ وزن خشک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Study on the efficacy of Florasulam herbicide (Florex 10%WP) compared to common herbicides for controlling broadleaved weeds in wheat fields | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Abdolaziz Haghighi2؛ Hossein Sabet Zangeneh3؛ payman Sabeti4؛ | ||
| 2Plant Protection Research Dep., Agricultural and Natural Research Resource and Education Center of Golestan | ||
| 3Plant Protection Research Dep., Agricultural and Natural Research Resource and Education Center of Khuzestan | ||
| 4Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Plant Protection Organization (PPO) has registered 22 commercial herbicides formulations for weed control of wheat, in Iran (Nourbakhsh, 2022). Among these herbicides 16 herbicides act as two proposed or only for broadleaved weeds. Their active ingredients including acetolactate synthase,, enzyme inhibiting groups, synthetic-auxin groups, photosynthetic inhibitors, and pigment synthesis inhibitors (Tomlin, 2009). Existing weed species do not similarly respond to herbicides and therefore the percentage control of some of the weed species is lower than the other species (Ohadi, 2010). These hard-to-control weeds are naturally tolerant to herbicides or may be developing resistant to one mode of action. Thus, we need new herbicides to suppress such weeds. The aim of this work was to find the best chemical treatments against broad leaved weeds in wheat production based on using new herbicides florasulam and comparing their efficacy with the common registered herbicides in the major wheat growing areas of Iran. Material and Method A field study was conducted in four regions of Iran, including Mashhad, Ahwaz, Kermanshah and Gonbad during 2020-2021 growing season. The statistical layout was a completely randomized block design with four replicates. Ten herbicides were include tribenuron-methyl (20 g ha-1 Granstar 75% DF); 2- 2,4-D+MCPA (1.5 l ha-1 U46 Combi Fluid 67.5% SL), 3- Bromoxynil+MCPA (1.5 l ha-1, Bromicide MA, 40% EC), 4-Bromoxynil+2,4-D (1.5 l ha-1, Buctril Universal 56% EC), 5-Fluroxypyr (2.5 L, Kavinflorex 20% EC), 6-Bentazone+Dicloprop (2 l ha-1 Basagran DP 6.56% SL), 7, 8, 9 and 10- Florasulam (75, 85, 95, 105 g ha-1, Florex 10% WP); were applied at growth stage of 27 Zadoks. A weed infested treatment served as control. Weed density and weed dry weight for each plot were measured four weeks after the last application the herbicides. Wheat was harvested after removing border plots. Wheat grain yield was determined after adjusting the moisture level of grain to 14 %. Data from each region were subjected to statistical analysis using SAS/STAT® statistical software and the means were separated by LSD (α=5%). Results and Discussion The results showed a diverse spectrum of weeds (more than 30 species) at all experimental locations. Fumaria parviflora L., and Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All, were dominant in Mashhad; Malva sylvestris L., Anagalis arvensis L., Scorpiurus muricatus L., and Ranuculus arvensis L. were located in Ahwaz as dominant weeds. The next dominant weed species were Centaurea depressa M.B. and Galium tricurnatum L. were present dominantly in Kermanshah and Stellaria edia (L.) Vill., F vailantii and Polygonum aviculare L., were dominant in Gonbad. Across the experimental locations, Florasulam efficacy at the application rate of 95 grams per hectare was good (70-85% for Kermanshah) to excellent (more than 85% for Mashhad, Ahwaz and Gonbad) in controlling of the most broadleaf weed. However, Fumaria parviflora L. and Acroptilon repense L. was controlled less than 75% and were considered as difficult-to-control weeds. These findings were in agreement with the results of some previous studies (Minbashi et al. 2022). Wheat grain yield was evaluated significant difference between weed infested and weed-free check in the most locations except of Mashhad (41%, 23% and 23% for Ahwaz, Kermanshah and Gonbad, respectively). Bentazon + Dichloprop-p (96.76% of weed free check) was the most efficient treatment averaged in all locations except Mashhad. Also flurasulam (95-105 g ha-1) was reached to 91% of weed free check. The differences between yields of wheat in weed-free plots in the different locations caused by yield potential of cultivars and the effect of agronomic and climatic conditions governing in the regions (Hadizadeh et al., 2017). None of herbicides showed visual injury symptoms on wheat. Conclusion According to these experiments, we found that the Florasulam (95-105 g ha-1) as new broadleaved herbicide showed good to excellent (more than 85%) weed control efficiency averaged in the all experimental locations and it could be recommended to be used in wheat field. Due to environmental concern, it should be applied at lower doses for non difficult-to-control weeds. We found that Bromoxynil + MCPA and Bentazone+Dicloprop were the most efficient next herbicides. On the contrary, tribenuron-methyl was the most inefficient herbicide overall. F. parviflora and A. repens as the most hard-to-control weeds were not controlled by the most herbicides. Other difficult-to-control weed species was Malva sylvestris | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Density, Difficult-to-control, Dry weight, Yield, Visual damage | ||
| مراجع | ||
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