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مقایسه میزان ترسیب کربن خاک چند گونه گیاهی در مناطق بیابانی خراسان | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 31، شماره 4، بهمن 1403، صفحه 347-362 اصل مقاله (774.11 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrdr.2025.132714 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مسلم رستم پور* 1؛ رضا یاری2؛ سیده محبوبه میرمیران2 | ||
| 1استادیار، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری و عضو گروه پژوهشی خشکسالی و تغییر اقلیم، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار پژوهشی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف اگرچه اکوسیستم‌های بیابانی به دلیل پوشش گیاهی کم و کربن محدود، معمولاً در بررسی‌های ترسیب کربن کمتر مورد توجه قرار می‌گیرند اما به‌دلیل اینکه بیش از یک‌سوم اراضی سطح زمین، 55 درصد از کل مساحت ایران و بیش از 50 درصد از مساحت استان خراسان جنوبی را پوشش می‌دهند، بنابراین می‌توانند محل ذخیره کربن قابل توجهی باشند. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی میزان ترسیب کربن توسط شش گونه بیابانی Calligonum polygonoides، Seidlitzia rosmarinus، Artemisia sieberi، Stipagrostis pennata، Salsoa richteri و Zygophyllum eurypterum در مراتع شهرستان فردوس انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها در این پژوهش، گونه غالب شش رویشگاه مورد مطالعه شناسایی شد و نمونه‌برداری زیر تاج پوشش گونه غالب انجام گردید. در رویشگاه Calligonum polygonoides، Seidlitzia rosmarinus،Zygophyllum eurypterum و Salsoa richteri ۳۰ پلات چهار متر مربعی و در رویشگاه‌های Artemisia sieberi و Stipagrostis pennata،30 پلات دو متر مربعی به‌طور تصادفی مستقر شدند و درصد تاج پوشش و تراکم گیاهی در هر پلات برآورد شد. سپس در همان پلات‌ها، در زیر تاج پوشش گونه غالب، پروفیل خاک تا عمق 70 سانتی‌متر حفر شد و نمونه خاک برداشت شده و به آزمایشگاه منتقل گردید. با برآورد درصد کربن آلی خاک (روش والکلی بلک) و وزن مخصوص ظاهری خاک (به روش کلوخه)، در نهایت میزان ترسیب کربن خاک اندازه‌گیری شد. داده‌ها در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و برای مقایسه میانگین‌ها از آزمـون توکی در سطح احتمال پنج درصد استفاده شد. نرمالیتی و همگنی واریانس‌های مقادیر باقیمانده توسط آزمون‌های شاپیرو-ویلک و بارتلت بررسی شد. داده‌های حاصل از نتایج آزمایش‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار R مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج به‌طورکلی نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان کربن آلی خاک در رویشگاه‌های جفنه و درمنه و کمترین میزان آن نیز در رویشگاه اشنان مشاهده شد. بیشترین وزن مخصوص ظاهری خاک در رویشگاه اسکنبیل وجود داشت. نتایج تحلیل واریانس نشان داد که اثر رویشگاه بر ترسیب کربن خاک معنی‌دار (01/0 p<) و میزان این تأثیر متوسط تا زیاد است (ηp2 بین 10/0 تا 47/0). بیشترین و کمترین میزان ترسیب کربن به ترتیب در رویشگاه‌های قیچ (66/28 تن در هکتار) و اشنان (80/12 تن در هکتار) مشاهده شد. همچنین از لحاظ درصد پوشش گیاهی نیز بین رویشگاه‌ها تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده شد (01/0 p<). بیشترین و کمترین میزان درصد پوشش گیاهی نیز به ترتیب در رویشگاه‌های قیچ (84/36 درصد) و اشنان (15/10 درصد) به‌دست آمد. رویشگاه اشنان از کمترین میزان کربن آلی خاک و درصد پوشش گیاهی کمتر برخوردار بود و در مقایسه با سایر گیاهان، کمترین میزان ترسیب کربن را تولید نمود. گیاه جفنه نیز با وجود بالا بودن کربن آلی در خاک رویشگاه خود اما به دلیل پایین بودن تراکم و درصد تاج پوشش گیاهی ترسیب کربن کمی داشت. نتایج تحلیل همبستگی نشان می‌دهد که بین درصد پوشش گیاهی و ترسیب کربن رابطه مثبت و معنی‌داری وجود دارد (01/0 p<)، اما بین تراکم گیاهی و ترسیب کربن رابطه معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد (05/0 p>). نتیجه‌گیری میزان ترسیب کربن با توجه به درصد پوشش گیاهی متفاوت بوده و بین درصد پوشش گیاهی با میزان ترسیب کربن رابطه مثبت و معناداری وجود داشت، در صورتی که بین میزان تراکم گیاهی و ترسیب کربن رابطه معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. به‌طوری‌که در این بررسی رویشگاه قیچ دارای بیشترین درصد تاج پوشش گیاهی و ترسیب کربن بوده و رویشگاه اشنان از کمترین درصد پوشش گیاهی و ترسیب کربن برخوردار است. بنابراین می‌توان از پارامتر درصد پوشش گیاهی برای برآورد ترسیب کربن استفاده نمود. به‌عبارتی، رویشگاه‌هایی که گیاهان بوته‌ای و درختچه‌ای دارند می‌توان از روی درصد تاج پوشش، میزان ترسیب کربن را برآورد کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پوشش گیاهی؛ توسعه پایدار؛ ذخیره کربن؛ منطقه خشک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Comparison of soil carbon sequestration of several plant species in the desert areas of South Khorasan | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Rostam Moslempour1؛ Reza Yari2؛ Seyedeh Mahboubeh Mirmiran2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management and Research Group of Drought and Climate Change, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Khorasan-e-razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Desert ecosystems usually receive less attention in carbon sequestration studies due to their low vegetation cover and limited carbon sequestration. However, since more than a third of the earth's surface covers 55% of the total area of Iran and more than 50% of the area of South Khorasan province, so they can be a significant carbon storage place. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the carbon sequestration by six desert species: Calligonum polygonoides, Seidlitzia rosmarinus, Artemisia sieberi, Stipagrostis pennata, Salsoa richteri and Zygophyllum eurypterum in the rangeland of Ferdows. Methodology: In this Study, 30 plots of four square meters were randomly established in Calligonum polygonoides, Seidlitzia rosmarinus, Zygophyllum eurypterum and Salsoa richteri and in Artemisia sieberi and Stipagrostis pennata habitats, 30 plots of two square meters were randomly established and the canopy percentage and plant density were estimated in each plot. Vegetation cover and plant density were estimated in each plot. In the same plots, the soil profile was dredged down to a depth of 70 cm under the canopy, and the soil sample was taken and transported to the laboratory. By estimating the percentage of soil organic carbon (using the Walkley-Black method) and bulk density of the soils (using the paraffin method), the amount of soil carbon sequestration was finally measured. The data was used in the form of a completely random design, and Tukey's test was used to compare the means at the five percent probability level. The Shapiro-Wilk and Bartlett tests were used to check whether residual value variances were normal and homogeneous. The data obtained from the results of the experiments were analyzed using R software. Results: In general, the results showed that the highest amount of soil organic carbon was observed in Salsoa richteri and Artemisia sieberi habitats and the lowest amount was observed in Seidlitzia rosmarinus habitat. The highest amount of bulk density was observed in Calligonum polygonoides habitats. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the effect of the habitat on soil carbon sequestration is significant (p<0.01) and the amount of this effect is moderate to high (ηp2 between 0.10 and 0.47). The highest and lowest amount of carbon sequestration was observed in Zygophyllum eurypterum (28.66 tons per hectare) and Seidlitzia rosmarinus (12.80 tons per hectare habitats, respectively. Also, in terms of the percentage of vegetation, a significant difference was observed between habitats. The highest and lowest of vegetation cover percentage was obtained in Zygophyllum eurypteru (36.84%) and Seidlitzia rosmarinus (10.15%) habitats, respectively. Seidlitzia rosmarinus habitat had the lowest amount of soil organic carbon and also the highest percentage of vegetation, and compared to other plants, it produced the lowest amount of carbon sequestration. The highest and lowest plant density was obtained in the Stipagrostis pennata and Zygophyllum eurypterum habitats, respectively. Despite the high organic carbon in the soil of its habitat, Salsoa richteri plant also had low carbon sequestration due to the low density and percentage of vegetation cover. The results of correlation analysis show that there is a positive and significant relationship between vegetation percentage and carbon sequestration (p<0.01), but no significant relationship was observed between plant density and carbon sequestration (p>0.05). Conclusion: The amount of carbon sequestration was different depending on the percentage of vegetation and there was a positive and significant relationship between the percentage of vegetation and the amount of carbon sequestration, while no relationship was observed between the amount of vegetation density and carbon sequestration. So, in this study, Zygophyllum eurypterum habitat produced the highest percentage of vegetation cover and carbon sequestration, and Seidlitzia rosmarinus habitat had the lowest percentage of vegetation cover and carbon sequestration. Therefore, the vegetation percentage parameter can be used to estimate carbon sequestration. In other words, in the habitats that have bushy and shrubby plants, it is possible to estimate the amount of carbon sequestration based on the canopy percentage. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Vegetation cover, Sustainable development, Carbon storage, Arid regions | ||
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