| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,208 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,560 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 53,008,034 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 92,291,126 |
Biochemical, ecological and molecular characterization of Xenorhabdus anantnagensis associated with Steinernema anantnagense from India: evaluating nematode efficacy against Helicoverpa armigera | ||
| Journal of Entomological Society of Iran | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 45، شماره 1، فروردین 2025، صفحه 121-138 اصل مقاله (1.13 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Paper, English | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.61186/jesi.45.1.9 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Krishnapriya Okram1؛ Aashaq Hussain Bhat* 2؛ Ladoi Drema3 | ||
| 1Department of Zoology, Manipur University, Canchipur 795003, Manipur, India | ||
| 2University Center for Research and Development, and Department of Biosciences, Chandigarh University Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India | ||
| 3Department of Life Science, Siliguri Terai B. ed College, Baba Saheb Ambedkar Educational University, University of Kolkata 734427, West Bengal, India | ||
| چکیده | ||
| This study provides a molecular and phenotypic characterization of an entomopathogenic nematode-bacterium complex isolated from agricultural soil and nematode efficacy against Helicoverpa armigera. The nematode, identified as Steinernema anantnagense KP_CU, was characterized using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rRNA, revealing 100% similarity with the type population of S. anantnagense. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed its conspecific status within a clade including S. kushidai, S. akhursti, and S. populi. Concurrently, the associated bacterium, identified as Xenorhabdus sp. KP_CU, exhibited 100% similarity in its 16S rRNA sequence with Xenorhabdus anantnagensis XENO-2T, suggesting conspecificity. Phenotypic characterization aligned the bacterium closely with X. anantnagensis, highlighting typical traits such as rod-shaped, gram-negative cells and absence of bioluminescence. Biochemical tests further supported this identification, distinguishing KP_CU from other Xenorhabdus species based on citrate utilization, gelatinase, lysine decarboxylase, urease, arginine dihydrolase, ornithine decarboxylase, glucose oxidation, cytochrome oxidase and indole production. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences placed Xenorhabdus sp. KP_CU within a monophyletic clade with X. anantnagensis, along with sister relationships to X. japonica and X. vietnamensis. The bacterial strains also exhibited larvicidal activity against Galleria mellonella and even at the lowest optical density (OD590 = 0.125) induced over 80% larval mortality within merely 24 h post-injection, emphasizing its elevated virulence. The strain KP_CU could kill the wax moth larvae with 38, 16 and 9 IJs at 24, 36 and 48 h, respectively. The nematode isolate KP_CU demonstrated high virulence against H. armigera larvae, with complete mortality achieved within 60 h across all tested inoculum levels. Mortality began at 36 h post-inoculation at 100 IJs/larva and was reached within 24 h at 200 IJs/larva. LD50 values decreased significantly from 38 IJs at 24 h to just 9 IJs at 48 h, indicating potent lethality. Additionally, progeny production showed a dose-dependent increase, though slightly reduced at higher doses, suggesting a trade-off between virulence and reproductive success. These results suggest that S. anantnagense KP_CU could hold potential as a biocontrol agent for H. armigera in agricultural settings in India. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Insect pathology؛ Entomopathogenic nematode؛ Biocontrol؛ Phylogenetic analysis؛ 16S rRNA | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی، اکولوژیکی و مولکولی Xenorhabdus anantnagensis همزیست Steinernema anantnagense از هند: ارزیابی اثر نماتد روی Helicoverpa armigera | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| کریشناپریا اکرام1؛ عاشق حسین بهات2؛ لاوی درما3 | ||
| 1گروه جانورشناسی، دانشگاه مانیپور، کانچیپور 795003، مانیپور، هند | ||
| 2مرکز تحقیقات و توسعه دانشگاه، دانشگاه چندیگر، موهالی 140413، پنجاب، هند | ||
| 3گروه علوم زیستی، دانشکده سیلیگوری تیرایی B. ed، دانشگاه آموزشی بابا صاحب امبدکار، دانشگاه کلکته 734427، بنگال غربی، هند | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| این مطالعه، مشخصات مولکولی و فنوتیپی یک گونه نماتود بیمارگر حشرات و باکتری همزیستش که از خاک در هند جدا شده است را توصیف نموده و اطلاعات حشره کشی نماتود روی لارو Helicoverpa armigera نیز بررسی شده است. گونه نماتود به عنوان Steinernema anantnagense KP_CU معرفی میشود. توالی ناحیه ITS این نمونه، همسانی 100٪ با جمعیت تیپ گونه S. anantnagense داشت. تجزیه و تحلیل فیلوژنتیک نیز این نمونه را با گونههای S. kushidai، S. akhursti، و S. populi در یک شاخه قرار داد. همزمان،توالی ناحیه 16S باکتری همزیست این نماتود با نام Xenorhabdus sp. KP_CU،6S، شباهت 100٪ با Xenorhabdus anantnagensis XENO-2T نشان داد، که گویای همسانی است. خصوصیات فنوتیپی، نشان داد که باکتری قرابت بالایی با X. anantnagensis دارد و ویژگیهای معمولی مانند سلولهای میلهای شکل، گرم منفی و عدم وجود نور فلورسنت را برجسته کرد. آزمایشهای بیوشیمیایی بیشتر از این شناسایی پشتیبانی کردند و KP_CU را از سایر گونههای Xenorhabdus متمایز کردند. تجزیه و تحلیل فیلوژنتیک بر اساس توالی 16S rRNA جدایه Xenorhabdus sp. KP_CU را با X. anantnagensis، در یک شاخه تک نیا قرار داد که گونه های X. japonica و X. vietnamensis.، آرایه های خواهری این جدایه بودند. جدایه باکتری همچنین فعالیت لاروکشی روی Galleria mellonella نشان داد و حتی در کمترین چگالی نوری (OD590 = 0.125) تنها 24 ساعت پس از تزریق بیش از 80 درصد لاروها دچار مرگ و میر شدند که توان باکتری را نشان میداد. جدایه KP_CU قادر بود روی لارو گالریا با غلظت های 9،16 و 38 لارو عفونت زا به ترتیب بعد از 24، 36 و 48 ساعت مرگ و میر ایجاد نماید. جدایه نماتد KP_CU توان حشرهکشی بالایی روی لارو H. armigera نشان داد، مرگ و میر در 36 ساعت پس از تلقیح با تراکم لارو 0 IJs / لارو شروع شد و در 24 ساعت در 200 IJs / لارو به دست آمد. مقادیر LD50 به طور قابل توجهی از 38 IJ در 24 ساعت به فقط 9 IJ در 48 ساعت کاهش یافت که نشان دهنده کشندگی قوی است. علاوه بر این، تولید نتاج افزایش وابسته به دوز را نشان داد، اگرچه در دوزهای بالاتر کمی کاهش یافت، که نشان دهنده یک ارتباط بین زهراگینی و تولید مثل است. این نتایج نشان می دهد که S. anantnagense KP_CU پتانسیل آن را دارد تا به عنوان یک عامل کنترل زیست روی H. armigera در مزارع در هندوستان بکار رود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| بیماری ناسی حشرات, نماتودشناسی حشرات, کنترل زیستی, آنالیز فیلوژنتیک, 16S rRNA | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Akhurst, R. J. (1980) Morphological and functional dimorphism in Xenorhabdus spp., bacteria symbiotically associated with the insect pathogenic nematodes Neoaplectana and Heterorhabditis. Microbiology 121(2), 303–309. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-121-2-303
Akhurst, R. & Smith, K. (2002) Regulation and safety. In R. Gaugler (ed.), Entomopathogenic Nematology, pp 311–332. CABI Publishing, UK, https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995670.0311
Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W. & Lipman, D. J. (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology 215(3), 403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2
An, R. & Grewal, P. S. (2010) Photorhabdus temperata subsp. stackebrandtii subsp. nov. (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae). Current Microbiology 61(4), 291–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-010-9610-9
Askary, T. H., Bhat, A. H., Machado, R. A. R., Ahmad, M. J., Abd-Elgawad, M. M. M., Khan, A. A. & Gani, M. (2022) Virulence and reproductive potential of Indian entomopathogenic nematodes against the larvae of the rice meal moth. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 55(19), 2237–2249. https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2022.2161293
Bedding, R. A. & Akhurst, R. J. (1975) A simple technique for the detection o f insect paristic rhabditid nematodes in soil. Nematologica 21(1), 109–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2022.2161293
Bhat, A. H., Askary, T. H., Ahmad, M. J., Suman, Aasha, & Chaubey, A. K. (2019) Description of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) isolated from hilly areas of Kashmir Valley. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 29(1), 96. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-019-0197-6
Bhat, A. H., Chaubey, A. K. & Askary, T. H. (2020) Global distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema and Heterorhabditis. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 30(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-020-0212-y
Bhat, A. H., Chaubey, A. K., Hartmann, J., Nermut’, J. & Půža, V. (2021) Notes on the morphology, bionomics, distribution and efficacy of Steinernema siamkayai (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) from western Uttar Pradesh, India. Nematology 23(7), 817–836. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10079
Bhat, A. H., Chaubey, A. K. & Půža, V. (2019) The first report of Xenorhabdus indica from Steinernema pakistanense: Co-phylogenetic study suggests co-speciation between X. indica and its steinernematid nematodes. Journal of Helminthology 93(1), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X17001171
Bhat, A. H., Chaubey, A. K., Shokoohi, E. & William Mashela, P. (2019) Study of Steinernema hermaphroditum (Nematoda, Rhabditida), from the West Uttar Pradesh, India. Acta Parasitologica 64(4), 720–737. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11686-019-00061-9
Bhat, A. H., Istkhar, Chaubey, A. K., Puža, V. & San-Blas, E. (2017) First report and comparative study of Steinernema surkhetense (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and its symbiont bacteria from subcontinental India. Journal of Nematology 49(1), 92–102. https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2017-049
Bhat, A. H., Machado, R. A. R., Abolafia, J., Askary, T. H., Půža, V., Ruiz-Cuenca, A. N., Rana, A., Sayed, S. & Al-Shuraym, L. A. (2023) Multigene sequence-based and phenotypic characterization reveals the occurrence of a novel entomopathogenic nematode species, Steinernema anantnagense n. sp. Journal of Nematology 55(1), 20230029. https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2023-0029
Bhat, A. H., Machado, R. A. R., Abolafia, J., Ruiz-Cuenca, A. N., Askary, T. H., Ameen, F. & Dass, W. M. (2023) Taxonomic and molecular characterization of a new entomopathogenic nematode species, Heterorhabditis casmirica n. sp., and whole genome sequencing of its associated bacterial symbiont. Parasites & Vectors 16(1), 383. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-023-05990-z
Bhat, A. H., Rana, A., Chaubey, A. K., Shokoohi, E. & Machado, R. A. R. (2021) Characterisation of Steinernema abbasi (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) isolated from Indian agricultural soils and their efficacy against insect pests. Biocontrol Science and Technology 31(10), 1027–1051. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2021.1917514
Drema, L., Okram, K. & Bhat, A. H. (2024) Integrated profiling of Xenorhabdus stockiae and Steinernema siamkayai: molecular and phenotypic perspectives. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 44 (4), 499–509. https://doi.org/10.61186/jesi.44.4.12
Edgar, R. C. (2004) MUSCLE: Multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research 32(5), 1792–1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340
Felsenstein, J. (1981) Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: A maximum likelihood approach. Journal of Molecular Evolution 17(6), 368–376. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01734359
Fukruksa, C., Yimthin, T., Suwannaroj, M., Muangpat, P., Tandhavanant, S., Thanwisai, A. & Vitta, A. (2017) Isolation and identification of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria associated with entomopathogenic nematodes and their larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. Parasites & Vectors 10(1), 440. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2383-2
Gulcu, B., Cimen, H., Raja R, K. & Hazir, S. (2017) Entomopathogenic nematodes and their mutualistic bacteria: their ecology and application as microbial control agents. Biopesticides International 13(2), 79–112.
Hall, T. A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for windows 95/98/ NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41, 95-98. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:82421255
Heena, Rana, A., Bhat, A. H. & Chaubey, A. K. (2021) Morpho-taxometrical and molecular characterization of Steinernema abbasi (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) and its pathogenicity and generative potential against lepidopteran pests. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 31(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-020-00359-1
Jaffuel, G., Blanco-Pérez, R., Hug, A.-S., Chiriboga, X., Meuli, R. G., Mascher, F., Turlings, T. C. J. & Campos-Herrera, R. (2018) The evaluation of entomopathogenic nematode soil food web assemblages across Switzerland reveals major differences among agricultural, grassland and forest ecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 262, 48–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.04.008
Janardhan, H. N., Askary, T. H., Bhat, A. H., Rana, A., Ahad, I. & Al-Qahtani, W. H. (2023) Morphological and molecular profiling of an entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae: unlocking its biocontrol potential against vegetable insect pests. Zootaxa 5351(2), 202–220. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5351.2.2
Kalia, V., Sharma, G., Shapiro-Ilan, D. I. & Ganguly, S. (2014) Biocontrol Potential of Steinernema thermophilum and its symbiont Xenorhabdus indica against lepidopteran pests: Virulence to egg and larval stages. Journal of Nematology, 46(1), 18–26.
Kamou, N., Papafoti, A., Chatzaki, V. & Kapranas, A. (2024) Exploring the effects of entomopathogenic nematode symbiotic bacteria and their cell free filtrates on the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta and its predator Nesidiocoris tenuis. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 206, 108181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2024.108181
Kuwata, R., Yoshida, M. & Yoshiga, T. (2017) Genetic and phenotypic characterizations of Xenorhabdus species (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae) isolated from steinernematid nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) in Japan. Applied Entomology and Zoology 52(1), 125–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-016-0463-y
Lengyel, K., Lang, E., Fodor, A., Szállás, E., Schumann, P. & Stackebrandt, E. (2005) Description of four novel species of Xenorhabdus, family Enterobacteriaceae: Xenorhabdus budapestensis sp. nov., Xenorhabdus ehlersii sp. nov., Xenorhabdus innexi sp. nov., and Xenorhabdus szentirmaii sp. nov. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 28(2), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2004.10.004
Leonar, A. L., Nimkingrat, P., Aryal, S., Martinez, J. G., Bhat, A. H. & Sumaya, N. H. (2022) Natural association of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis indica (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) from the Philippines with the non-symbiotic bacterium Ochrobactrum anthropi (Proteobacteria: Brucellaceae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 32(1), 83. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-022-00576-w
Letunic, I. & Bork, P. (2024) Interactive Tree of Life (iTOL) v6: Recent updates to the phylogenetic tree display and annotation tool. Nucleic Acids Research 52, 78-82. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae268
Li, J., Borneman, J., Ruegger, P., Liang, L. & Zhang, K.-Q. (2020) Molecular mechanisms of the interactions between nematodes and nematophagous microorganisms. In J.-M. Mérillon & K. G. Ramawat (Eds.), Plant Defence: Biological Control (Vol. 22, pp. 421–441). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51034-3_16
Loulou, A., Mastore, M., Caramella, S., Bhat, A. H., Brivio, M. F., Machado, R. A. R. & Kallel, S. (2023) Entomopathogenic potential of bacteria associated with soil-borne nematodes and insect immune responses to their infection. Plos One 18(1), e0280675. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280675
Loulou, A., M’saad Guerfali, M., Muller, A., Bhat, A. H., Abolafia, J., Machado, R. A. R. & Kallel, S. (2022) Potential of Oscheius tipulae nematodes as biological control agents against Ceratitis capitata. Plos One 17(6), e0269106. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269106
Machado, R. A. R., Bhat, A. H., Abolafia, J., Shokoohi, E., Fallet, P., Turlings, T. C. J., Tarasco, E., Půža, V., Kajuga, J., Yan, X. & Toepfer, S. (2022) Steinernema africanum n. Sp. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode species isolated in the Republic of Rwanda. Journal of Nematology 54(1), 20220049. https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2022-0049
Machado, R. A. R., Bhat, A. H., Castaneda-Alvarez, C., Askary, T. H., Půža, V., Pagès, S. & Abolafia, J. (2023) Xenorhabdus aichiensis sp. nov., Xenorhabdus anantnagensis sp. nov., and Xenorhabdus yunnanensis sp. nov., isolated from steinernema entomopathogenic nematodes. Current Microbiology 80(9), 300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-023-03373-2
Machado, R. A. R., Bhat, A. H., Castaneda-Alvarez, C., Půža, V. & San-Blas, E. (2023) Photorhabdus aballayi sp. nov. and Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. venezuelensis subsp. nov., isolated from Heterorhabditis amazonensis entomopathogenic nematodes. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 73(5). https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.005872
Machado, R. A. R., Bhat, A. H., Fallet, P., Turlings, T. C. J., Kajuga, J., Yan, X. & Toepfer, S. (2023) Xenorhabdus bovienii subsp. africana subsp. nov., isolated from Steinernema africanum entomopathogenic nematodes. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 73(4). https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.005795
Machado, R. A. R., Loulou, A., Bhat, A. H., Mastore, M., Terrettaz, C., Brivio, M. F. & Kallel, S. (2023) Acinetobacter nematophilus sp. nov., Alcaligenes nematophilus sp. nov., Enterobacter nematophilus sp. nov., and Kaistia nematophila sp. nov., isolated from soil-borne nematodes and proposal for the elevation of Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. faecalis, Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. parafaecalis, and Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. phenolicus to the species level. Taxonomy 3(1), 148–168. https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy3010012
Machado, R. A. R., Malan, A. P., Boss, A., Claasen, N. J., Bhat, A. H. & Abolafia, J. (2024) Photorhabdus africana sp. nov. isolated from Heterorhabditis entomopathogenic nematodes. Current Microbiology 81(8), 240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-024-03744-3
Machado, R. A. R., Bhat, A. H., Abolafia, J., Muller, A., Bruno, P., Fallet, P., Arce, C. C. M., Turlings, T. C. J., Bernal, J. S., Kajuga, J., Waweru, B. & Toepfer, S. (2021) Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses uncover species boundaries and reveal the occurrence of two new entomopathogenic nematode species, Heterorhabditis ruandica n. sp. and Heterorhabditis zacatecana n. sp. Journal of Nematology, 53(1), 1–42. https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-089
Machado, R. A. R., Wüthrich, D., Kuhnert, P., Arce, C. C. M., Thönen, L., Ruiz, C., Zhang, X., Robert, C. A. M., Karimi, J., Kamali, S., Ma, J., Bruggmann, R. & Erb, M. (2018) Whole-genome-based revisit of Photorhabdus phylogeny: proposal for the elevation of most Photorhabdus subspecies to the species level and description of one novel species Photorhabdus bodei sp. nov., and one novel subspecies Photorhabdus laumondii subsp. clarkei subsp. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 68(8), 2664–2681. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.002820
Mamiya, Y. (1988) Steinernema kushidai n. sp. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) associated with Scarabaeid beetle larvae from Shizuoka, Japan. Applied Entomology and Zoology 23(3), 313–320. https://doi.org/10.1303/aez.23.313
Nishimura, Y., Hagiwara, A., Suzuki, T. & Yamanaka, S. (1994) Xenorhabdus japonicus sp. nov. associated with the nematode Steinernema kushidai. World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 10(2), 207–210. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00360889
Qiu, L., Hu, X., Zhou, Y., Mei, S., Nguyen, K. B. & Pang, Y. (2005) Steinernema akhursti sp. n. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) from Yunnan, China. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 90(3), 151–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2005.09.004
Riaz, S., Johnson, J. B., Ahmad, M., Fitt, G. P. & Naiker, M. (2021) A review on biological interactions and management of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 145(6), 467–498. https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.12880
Rana, A., Bhat, A. H., Chaubey, A. K., Shokoohi, E. & Machado, R. A. R. (2020) Morphological and molecular characterization of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora isolated from Indian soils and their biocontrol potential. Zootaxa 4878(1). https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4878.1.3
Sajnaga, E. & Kazimierczak, W. (2020) Evolution and taxonomy of nematode-associated entomopathogenic bacteria of the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus: An overview. Symbiosis 80(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-019-00660-0
Sandström, J. P., Russell, J. A., White, J. P., & Moran, N. A. (2001). Independent origins and horizontal transfer of bacterial symbionts of aphids. Molecular Ecology 10(1), 217–228. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01189.x
Sebumpan, R., Guiritan, K. R., Suan, M., Abapo, C. J., Bhat, A. H., Machado, R. A. R., Nimkingrat, P. & Sumaya, N. H. (2022) Morphological and molecular identification of Trichoderma asperellum isolated from a dragon fruit farm in the southern Philippines and its pathogenicity against the larvae of the super worm, Zophobas morio (Fabricius, 1776) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 32(1), 47. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-022-00548-0
Selvan, S., Campbell, J. F. & Gaugler, R. (1993) Density-dependent effects on entomopathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) within an insect host. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 62(3), 278–284. https://doi.org/10.1006/jipa.1993.1113
Shapiro-Ilan, D. I., Lewis, E. E., Tedders, W. L. & Son, Y. (2003) Superior efficacy observed in entomopathogenic nematodes applied in infected-host cadavers compared with application in aqueous suspension. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 83, 270–272.
Stock, S. P., Choo, H. Y. & Kaya, H. K. (1997) An entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema monticolum Sp. N. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) from Korea with a key to other species. Nematologica 43(1), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.1163/004725997X00025
Suman, Bhat, A. H., Aasha, Chaubey, A. K. & Abolafia, J. (2020) Morphological and molecular characterisation of Distolabrellus veechi (Rhabditida: Mesorhabditidae) from India. Nematology 22(4), 439–452. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003315
Susurluk, I. A., Kumral, N. A., Peters, A., Bilgili, U. & Açıkgöz, E. (2009) Pathogenicity, reproduction and foraging behaviours of some entomopathogenic nematodes on a new turf pest, Dorcadion pseudopreissi (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Biocontrol Science and Technology, 19(6), 585–594. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583150902957348
Tailliez, P., Pagès, S., Ginibre, N. & Boemare, N. (2006) New insight into diversity in the genus Xenorhabdus, including the description of ten novel species. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56(12), 2805–2818. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64287-0
Tamura, K., Stecher, G., & Kumar, S. (2021) MEGA11: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 11. Molecular Biology and Evolution 38(7), 3022–3027. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab120
Tarasco, E., Fanelli, E., Salvemini, C., El-Khoury, Y., Troccoli, A., Vovlas, A. & De Luca, F. (2023) Entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria: From genes to field uses. Frontiers in Insect Science, 3, 1195254. https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2023.1195254
Tian, C. L., Zhu, F., Li, X. Y., Zhang, J. H., Půža, V., Shapiro-Ilan, D., Zhao, D., Liu, J. W., Zhou, J. J., Ding, Y., Wang, J. C., Ma, J., Zhu, X. F., Li, M. H. & Li, J. P. (2022) Steinernema populi n. sp. (Panagrolaimomorpha, Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode species from China. Journal of Helminthology 96, e57. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X22000426
Vrain, T. C., Wakarchuk, D., Lévesque, A. C. & Hamilton, R. (1992) Intraspecific rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism in the Xiphinema americanum group. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 15.
White, G. F. (1927). A method for obtaining infective nematode larvae from cultures. Science 66(1709), 302–303. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.66.1709.302.b
Yadav, K., Bhat, A. H., Abolafia, J., Machado, R. A. R., Wani, S. M. & Chaubey, A. K. (2022) Redescription and molecular characterisation of Panagrolaimus labiatus (Kreis, 1929) Andrássy, 1960 (Rhabditida, Panagrolaimidae) from India and proposal of P. burdwanensis Chaturvedi & Khera, 1979 as a junior synonym of P. labiatus. Nematology 25(2), 151–168. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10211 | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 576 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 847 |
||