| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,251 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,917 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 54,573,167 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 93,694,769 |
Estimation of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) economic damage based on the larval laboratory feeding rate | ||
| Journal of Entomological Society of Iran | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 45، شماره 1، فروردین 2025، صفحه 87-96 اصل مقاله (624.24 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Paper, English | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.61186/jesi.45.1.7 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Mahsa Ghahramani* 1؛ Seyed Ali Safavi1؛ Shahzad Iranipour2 | ||
| 1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The alfalfa weevil (AW), Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a major pest of alfalfa Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae). Both adults and larvae feed on alfalfa foliage, damage and reduce hay yield and quality, especially in spring. Larval feeding rate was estimated based on alfalfa leaflet consumption under laboratory conditions (18 ± 2 °C, 60–70% RH). Adults did not consume after emergence, apparently due to diapause. The first instar larvae of AW (n=150) were removed immediately after hatching in the laboratory and were confined with alfalfa leaves. The leaf weights (g) were measured prior to and each 24h after larval feeding. The larvae fed for 33-35 days in the laboratory and underwent four instars. The results revealed that average larval consumption is 8.178±0.153 g leaf tissue during the whole larval stages. Our estimates show that insecticide treatment will cost 6,700,000-14,700,000 IRR/ha depending on market values. One kg alfalfa feed appreciates 40000 IRR. Hence, 167.5-367.5 kg of feed corresponds to control costs. If all larvae survive to pupate (whole lifetime consumption), 2.0-4.5 larvae m-2 are tolerable and need no action. However, if a total mortality of 25, 50, or 75% occurs with a constant rate, tolerable densities will increase to (2.5-5.4), (3.2-7.0), and (4.8-10.6) m-2, respectively. Assuming that an insecticide kills 90- 99% of the pest, 7.9-17.4 to 21.1-46.3 larvae m-2 will cause no loss if farmers intervene on time. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Pest management؛ Intervention؛ Leaf consumption؛ Tolerable densities؛ Yield value | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| تخمین میزان زیان اقتصادی سرخرطومی یونجه Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) بر پایه نرخ تغذیه آزمایشگاهی | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| مهسا قهرمانی1؛ سید علی صفوی1؛ شهزاد ایرانی پور2 | ||
| 1گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه ، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| 2گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز ، تبریز، ایران | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| سرخرطومی یونجه Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) ، یکی از آفات اصلی یونجهMedicago sativa L. (Fabaceae) است. حشرات بالغ و لاروهای این آفت از شاخ و برگ یونجه تغذیه میکنند، به گونهای که در اوایل فصل باعث آسیب رساندن و کاهش عملکرد و کیفیت یونجه میشوند. در این مطالعه، میزان تغذیه لاروها روی برگ یونجه در آزمایشگاه برآورد شد. حشرات کامل بعد از ظهور ظاهراً به دلیل دیاپوز تغذیه نکردند. لاروهای سن اول (n=150) بلافاصله پس از تفریخ در آزمایشگاه با برگهای یونجه محصور شدند. وزن برگها (گرم) درست قبل و بعد از تغذیه لارو به مدت 24 ساعت اندازهگیری شد. لاروها به مدت 33-35 روز در آزمایشگاه تغذیه و چهار سن لاروی را سپری کردند. نتایج نشان داد که هر لارو میتواند 153/178±0/8 گرم بافت برگ را در تمام مراحل لاروی مصرف کند. برآوردهای ما نشان داد که چنانچه هزینه حشرهکشها 6700000-14700000 ریال در هکتار بسته به ارزش بازار و یک کیلوگرم خوراک یونجه نیز معادل 40000 ریال باشد، 5/367-5/167 کیلوگرم محصول معادل هزینههای کنترل است. چنانچه همه لاروها زنده بمانند تا شفیره شوند (مصرف کل زندگی)، 0/2-5/4 لارو در مترمربع قابل تحمل و نیازی به اقدام ندارند. با این حال، اگر کل مرگ و میر 25، 50 یا 75 درصد با نرخ ثابت رخ دهد، تراکم قابل تحمل به ترتیب به (5/2-4/5)، (2/3- 0/7) و (8/4-6/10) در متر مربع افزایش مییابد. با فرض اینکه یک حشره کش 90 تا 99 درصد آفت را از بین ببرد، 4/17-9/7 تا 3/46-1/21 لارو در هر متر مربع در صورت مداخله به موقع کشاورز ضرری در پی نخواهد داشت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| مدیریت آفات, هزینههای کنترل, مداخله, تغذیه برگ, تراکم قابل تحمل, ارزش عملکرد | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Alizadeh, E., Valizadegan, O., Aramideh, S., Safaralizadeh, M. H. & Sadeghi, S. E. (2017) Study on the bioecology of alfalfa leaf weevil Hypera postica Gyll. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and its natural enemies’ populations. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 5(4), pp.1440-1446.
Beauzay, P. B., Knodel, J. J. & Ganehiarachchi, G. A. S. M. (2013) Integrated pest management of alfalfa weevil in North Dakota. NDSU Extension Service. “Crop & Pest Report”1676. http://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/7199
Blodgett, S. L., Lenssen, A. W. & Cash, S. D. (2000) Harvest with raking for control of alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Entomological Science, 35(2), 129-135. https://doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-35.2.129
Barclay, H. J. (2005) Mathematical models for the use of sterile insects. In Sterile insect technique: principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management (pp. 147-174). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
Chandel, A. K., Khot, L. R. & Yu, L. X. (2021) Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) crop vigor and yield characterization using high-resolution aerial multispectral and thermal infrared imaging technique. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 182, 105999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2021.1059997
Chasen, E. M., Undersander, D. J. & Cullen, E. M. (2015) Revisiting the economic injury level and economic threshold model for potato leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in alfalfa. Journal of Economic Entomology, 108(4), 1748-1756. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tov120
Dalir, G., Iranipour, Sh. & Karimzadeh, R. (2024) Precise and rapid population estimates of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Col., curculionidae). 25th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 7-10 September 2024, IROST, Tehran. Available from: https://25ippc.areeo.ac.ir/
DeGooyer, T. (1993) Phenology and population dynamics of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in central and southern Iowa. MSc Thesis. Iowa state university Ames, Iowa. 109 p.
El-Refaie, R. M., Shaurub, E S. H., Abd-Allah, G. E., Ahmed A. E. & Zeinab, S. A. (2024) Effect of four host plants on the life history and nutritional indices of Spodoptera Littoralis. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 44, 1091–1101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-024-01220-w
Findlay, J. & Sagers, J. (2024) Developing economic injury Levels for Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) in Idaho Alfalfa under controlled pest populations. The Journal of Extension, 61(4), 1. https://doi.org/10.34068/joe.61.04.01
Flanders, K. L. & Radcliffe, E. B. (2000) Alfalfa IPM. Radcliffe’s IPM World Textbook, University of Minnesota. http://ipmworld. umn. edu/chapters/flanders. htm
Giles, K. L., Obrycki, J. J., Degooyer, T. A. & Orr, C. J. (1994) Seasonal occurrence and impact of natural enemies of Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae in Iowa. Environmental Entomology, 23(1), 167-176. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/23.1.167
Godfrey, L., Windbiel, K., Lewis, R., Putnam, D., Canevari, M., Orloff, S., Marcum, D., Schmierer, J., Long, R., Haviland, D. & Vargas, R. (2004) Refinements of integrated pest management strategies for alfalfa weevils in California alfalfa. 34th California Alfalfa & National Alfalfa Symposium San Diego (pp. 65-70).
Haddadi, A., Iranipour, S., Kazemi, M. H. & Alizadeh, I. (2014) Spatial distribution of alfalfa leaf weevil, Hypera postica (Col.: Curculionidae) in Urmia. Journal of Field Crop Entomology, 6(1), 35-51.
Herreid, J. S. (2023) Examining Non-Chemical Methods of Alfalfa Weevil Management across the Intermountain West. University of Wyoming.
Harrington, K., Carrière, Y. & Mostafa, A. M. (2021) Re-evaluating the economic injury level for alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) control in low desert irrigated alfalfa. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114(3), 1173-1179. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab070
Higley, L. G. & Pedigo, L. P. (Eds.). (1996) Economic thresholds for integrated pest management (Vol. 9). University of Nebraska Press. 327pp.
Higley, L. G. & Pedigo, L. P. (1993) Economic injury level concepts and their use in sustaining environmental quality. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 46(1-4), 233-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(93)90027-M
Khanjani, M. (2005) Field Crop Pests in Iran, 2nd ed., Bu-Ali Sina University Press,Tehran, Iran,738p.
Karimzadeh, R., Zakeri Ilkhchi, M. & Iranipour, S. (2016) Determining spatial distribution of alfalfa leaf weevil Hypera postica and root weevils Sitona spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) using geostatistics. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 83(No. 2), 223-236. https://doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106119
Koehler, P. G. & Pimentel, D. (1973) Economic injury levels of the alfalfa weevil on alfalfa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 105, 61 – 74. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent10561-1
Levi-Mourao, A., Núñez, E., García, A., Meseguer, R. & Pons, X. (2022) Alfalfa winter cutting: effectiveness against the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and effect on its rate of parasitism due to Bathyplectes spp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Crop Protection, 152, p.105858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro. 2021.105858.
McClure, M., Herreid, J. & Jabbour, R. (2023) Insecticide application timing effects on alfalfa insect communities. Journal of Economic Entomology, 116(3), 815-822. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toad071.
Noorbakhsh, S. (2023) List of important pests, diseases and weeds of major agricultural products, pesticides and recommended methods for their control. Plant Protection Organization of Iran. https://www.ppo.ir › view › Staging.
Ordaz-Silva, S., López-Sánchez, I. V., Soto-Hernández, M., Chacón-Hernández, J. C., Gaona-García, G., Mora-Ravelo, S. G., Delgadillo-Ángeles, J. L. & Merino-González, R. (2020) Spatial distribution of Listroderes costirostris and Hypera postica (Curculionidae: Cyclominae, Hyperinae) on a celery crop in Mexico's Northwest Region. Florida Entomologist, 103(3), pp.397-400. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.103.0313.
Pedigo, L. P., Hutchins S. H. & Higley L. G. (1986) Economic injury levels in theory and practice. Annual Review of Entomology, 31: 341–68.
Pedigo, L. P., Rice, M. E. & Krell. R. k. (2021) Entomology and Pest Management. Waveland Press, Inc.; 7th edition Seventh Edition.
Pellissier, M. E., Nelson, Z. & Jabbour, R. (2017) Ecology and management of the alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in western United States alfalfa. Journal of Integrated Pest Management, 8(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmw018.
Peterson, R. K., Danielson, S. D. & Higley, L. G. (1993) Yield responses of alfalfa to simulated alfalfa weevil injury and development of economic injury levels. Agronomy Journal, 85(3), 595-601. https://doi.org/ 10.2134/agronj2004.224.
Reichelderfer, K. H. & Bender, F. E. (1977) Economic evaluation of alternative pest management strategies utilizing simulation modelling: focus-mexica bean beetle on soybeans. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.2836151.
Riley, D. G. (2008) Economic Injury Level (EIL) and Economic Threshold (ET) Concepts in Pest Management. In: Capinera, J .L. (eds) Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_3497.
Rim, K., Clarine, J., Price, S. & Ramirez, R. (2020) "Alfalfa Weevil in Utah" (2020). All Current Publications. Paper 843.https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/extension_curall/843.
Ronald, H., Andy M. & James, E. (2014) Alfalfa Weevil on Alfalfa. Fact Sheet. Ohio State University Extension. https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/ENT-32. (Accessed May 17, 2024).
Roshandel, S. (2016) Integrated management of alfalfa weevils. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection. https://agrilib.areeo.ac.ir › book_2523
SAS Institute Inc. Edition, T., (2005). SAS ® 9.1.3 Stat User's Guide, 2.
Seiter, N. (2018) "Integrated pest management: what are economic thresholds, and how are they developed?," farmdoc daily, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, vol. 8, October..https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.284360
Stilwell, A. R., Wright, R. J., Hunt, T. E. & Blankenship E. E. (2010) Degree-Day requirements for alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) development in Eastern Nebraska. Environmental Entomology, 39(1), pp. 202–209. https://doi.org/10.1603/EN09048
Tooker, J. (2023) Alfalfa Weevil. Encyclopedia Article. Penn State Extension. https://extension.psu.edu/alfalfa-weevil (accessed April 28, 2023)
Wright, R. J., Bradshaw, J. D., Jarvi, K. J. & Rethwisch, M. (2015) 2016 Guide for Weed, Disease, and Insect Management in Nebraska. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 727 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,063 |
||