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HAMIDI, A., Fathi, M., Zangi, M., Jazaeri Noosh Abadi, M., Sharafizadeh, M., Najafian fakhraei, M., Alishah, O., Razi Nataj, M., vanda, M., Hamid, R. (2024). Evaluation of seed cotton yield, its components, earliness, fiber quality and morphological characteristics distinctness, uniformity and stability of three Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) new introducing tolerant to salinity hybrid genotypes. , 12(1), 41-68. doi: 10.22092/ijcr.2024.366840.1224
AIDIN HAMIDI; Mohsen Fathi; Mohammad Reza Zangi; Mohammadreza Jazaeri Noosh Abadi; Mehran Sharafizadeh; Maryam Najafian fakhraei; Omran Alishah; Mohammad Razi Nataj; mitra vanda; Rasmieh Hamid. "Evaluation of seed cotton yield, its components, earliness, fiber quality and morphological characteristics distinctness, uniformity and stability of three Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) new introducing tolerant to salinity hybrid genotypes". , 12, 1, 2024, 41-68. doi: 10.22092/ijcr.2024.366840.1224
HAMIDI, A., Fathi, M., Zangi, M., Jazaeri Noosh Abadi, M., Sharafizadeh, M., Najafian fakhraei, M., Alishah, O., Razi Nataj, M., vanda, M., Hamid, R. (2024). 'Evaluation of seed cotton yield, its components, earliness, fiber quality and morphological characteristics distinctness, uniformity and stability of three Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) new introducing tolerant to salinity hybrid genotypes', , 12(1), pp. 41-68. doi: 10.22092/ijcr.2024.366840.1224
HAMIDI, A., Fathi, M., Zangi, M., Jazaeri Noosh Abadi, M., Sharafizadeh, M., Najafian fakhraei, M., Alishah, O., Razi Nataj, M., vanda, M., Hamid, R. Evaluation of seed cotton yield, its components, earliness, fiber quality and morphological characteristics distinctness, uniformity and stability of three Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) new introducing tolerant to salinity hybrid genotypes. , 2024; 12(1): 41-68. doi: 10.22092/ijcr.2024.366840.1224

Evaluation of seed cotton yield, its components, earliness, fiber quality and morphological characteristics distinctness, uniformity and stability of three Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) new introducing tolerant to salinity hybrid genotypes

پژوهش های پنبه ایران
Volume 12, Issue 1 - Serial Number 20, September 2024, Pages 41-68    PDF (983.46 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.22092/ijcr.2024.366840.1224
Authors
AIDIN HAMIDI* 1; Mohsen Fathi2; Mohammad Reza Zangi3; Mohammadreza Jazaeri Noosh Abadi4; Mehran Sharafizadeh5; Maryam Najafian fakhraei6; Omran Alishah7; Mohammad Razi Nataj3; mitra vanda8; Rasmieh Hamid9
1Scientific member
2Cotton Research Institute Assistant Professor-Goegan
3Cotton Research Institute Assistant Professor-Gorgan
4Seed and Plant Registration and Certification Research Institute (SPCRI)
5Assistant Professor of Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute - Karaj
6Department of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch
7Coton Research Institute Professor-Gorgan
8Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Iran. Darab
9Cotton research institute of Iran
Abstract
Background and objectives: Cotton is a relatively tolerant to salinity crop, however, the increasing salinity of agricultural lands and irrigation water is one of the problems of cotton cultivation. The improvement of tolerant to salinity cotton cultivars is one of the solutions to encountring with this condition and is extremely important. Therefore, the seed cotton yield, its components, earliness, fiber quality and morphological characteristics distinctness, uniformity and stability of three tolerant to the salinity stress cotton new hybrid genotypes: TB52, SB26 and TJ82 were evaluated in comparison to two commercial common cultivated cultivars Hekmat and Golestan as control. Materials and methods: This research was carried out at the Cotton Research Institute (Gorgan-Hashem Abad and Kordkuy Karkandh Cotton Research Stations and Darab AgriculturalResearch Station) and the Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (Karaj) during 2020-2021 years. The evaluated traits are plant height, length and number of vegetative and reproductive branches, number and weight of bolls, seed cotton yield, earliness index, length, strength, elasticity, fineness index, uniformity, reflectance degree and yellowness of fibers, height of the first reproductive branch from the ground, leaf size , boll peduncle length and 100 seeds weight and 34 quantitative and qualitative morphological characteristics were according to the international guidelines for distinctness, uniformity and stability test (DUS) of cotton.
Results: The results showed that the tolerant to the salinity new hybrid cotton genotype TJ82 was superior to the other studied tolerant to the salinity new hybrid cotton genotypes. Also, the results of the evaluation of quantitative trait distinctness of tolerant to salinity new hybrid cotton genotypes in Alborz province (Karaj) showed that the tolerant to salinity new hybrid cotton genotype TJ82 in terms of 5 quantitative traits, 100 seeds weight, plant height, strength, uniformity and reflectance degree of fibers and the tolerant to salinity new hybrid cotton genotype TB52 was superior in terms of 4 quantitative traits: boll peduncle length and fiber length, strength and fitness.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, the new tolerant to salinity cotton hybrid genotype TJ82 can be selected as a new cultivar for introduction. Also, in general, the evaluation of distinctness, uniformity and stability of introducible new tolerant to salinity hybrid cotton genotypes showed that these genotypes had stable distinctness and uniformity in terms of 22 morphological traits. Therefore, referring to the provisions of considering the newness of the investigated new tolerant to salinity hybrid cotton genotypes and their distinction from previously registered or known cultivars in terms of morphological characteristics and appearance uniformity, these genotypes can be registered.

Highlights
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  2. Ali Y, Aslam Z and Hussain F. 2005. Genotype and environment interaction effect on yield of cotton under naturally salt stress conditions. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2(2): 169-173.
  3. F., A. Bano, T.U. Hassan, M. Nazir, R.T. Khan. 2023. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria induced modulation of physiological responses in rice under salt and drought stresses. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 55: 447–52.
  4. Alishah 2009. Special Words of Cotton. Ministry of Jahad-e-Agriculture, Research Education and Extension Organization (ARREO), Extension and Education Deputy, Education Technology Office, Agriculture Education Publication, 269 p. (in Persian).
  5. Alishah, O. 2013. Cotton genetics and breeding. Iran University Press. (In Persian).
  6. Alishah and  Mahmoojanlou H. 2019. Value for cultivation and use of new cotton genotypes on yield, morphological and fiber quality traits. Iranian Journal of Cotton Research, 7(1):  15-32. (in Persian with English abstract).
  7. Anjani, A., Padma, , Ramana, J.V. and Satish, Y. 2018. DUS Characterization of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 7(6): 3900-3904.
  8. Arshad M, Wajid A, Maqsood M, Hussain K, Aslam M and Ibrahim M. 2007. Response of growth, yield and quality of different cotton cultivars to sowing date. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science, 44: 208-212.
  9. Ashokkumar, K. and Ravikesavan, 2011. Morphological Diversity and per se Performance in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Journal of Agricultural Science, 3 (2): 107-113.
  10. Asif, M., Iqbal Mirza, J. and Zafar, Y. 2008. Genetic Analysis for Fiber Quality Traits of some Cotton Genotypes. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40(3): 1209-1215.
  11. Berlangieri Costa, M. 2015. Temperature in the Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Canopy and Effects on Cotton Leaf and Boll Growth. Pp: 103, MSc. Thesis, University of Arkansas.
  12. BeyyavaŞ, , Cun, S. and Kara, H. 2022. Determination of Yield and Fiber Quality Characteristics of Some Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Varieties Cultivated in Şanlıurfa-Harran Plain Conditions. ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 6(4): 816-827.
  13. Conaty, W., Brodrick, R., Mahan, J., and Payton, P. 2015. Climate and Its Interaction with Cotton Morphology. In: Cotton. Agronomy Monograph 57.ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 401-418.
  14. Ehsan, F., Nadeem, A.A., Tahir, M.A. and Majeed A. 2008. Comparative yield performance of new cultivars of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Pakistan Journal Life Social Science, 6 (1):1-3.
  15. Farooq J, Farooq A, Rizwan M, Petrescu-Mag IV, Amjad Ali M, Mahmood K and Batool A. 2015. Cotton fibers: Attributes of specialized cells and factors affecting them. Advanced Environmental Science. –International Journal of the Bioflux Society, 7 (3): 369- 382.
  16. Ghosh A, Das S and Majumder A. 2016. A Statistical Analysis of Cotton Fiber Properties. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series E, 97(1)-1-7.
  17. Hamidi, A., Ghasemi Bezdi, K., Baniani, E., Hekmat, M.H., Alishah, O., Arabsalmani, M., Vafaeetabar, M., Miri, A.A. and Khazaei, F. 2016. Evaluation of distinctness, uniformity and stability of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense) common and new cultivars by using morphological characteristics. Iranian Journal of Cotton Researches, 3(2): 1-25. (in Persian with English abstract)
  18. Hamidi A, Ghasemi Bezdi K and Jafari Y. 2018. Evaluation of Morphological Characteristics of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum ) New Genotypes in Golestan Province. Journal of Crop Breeding, 10 (9): 66-74. (in Persian)
  19. Hamidi, A., Vafaeetabar, M., Baniani, E. and Khazaei, F. 2020. Evaluation of distinctness, uniformity and stability of some Upland (Gossypium hirsutum) and Sea Island (G. barbadense) Cotton cultivars and genotypes morphological characteristics, Iranian Journal of Cotton Researches, 7(2): 93-114. (in Persian with English abstract)
  20. Hamidi, A., Karimi Mazidi, S., Esmaeili Mazidi, M., Ansari, M.A., Sarfarazi, S., Hakimi, M., Razaian, R., Monfared, Z., Khelghati Bana, F., Maleki Ziarati, H. and Rahnama, 2021. Evaluation of six new foreign Cotton Cultivars Value of Cultivation and use (VCU) in Fars province (Darab). Iranian Journal of Cotton Researches 9(2): 193-222. (in Persian with English abstract)
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  23. J., Hu, X., Duan, H., Zhang, H. and Yu, Q. 2021. Na+ and K+ homeostasis is important for
    salinity and drought tolerance of Calligonum mongolicum. Pakistan J. Bot. 53:1927–34.
  24. International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), 2018. Cotton, Guidelines for the conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability. TG/88/7, pp: 29.
  25. Jalilian, S., Madani, H., Vafaie-Tabar, M.A. and Sajedi, N.A. Agronomic response of different cotton cultivars and hybrids to changes in plant density. Iranian Journal of Cotton Researches, 9(1): 189-208. (in Persian with English abstract)
  26. Khan, M.N., Li, Y., Khan, Z., Chen, L., Liu, J., Hu, J., Wu, H. and Li, Z., 2021. Nanoceria seed priming enhanced salt tolerance in rapeseed through modulating ROS homeostasis and α-amylase activities. Journal of Nanobiotechnology. 19: 1-19.
  27. KIilli F and Beycioglu T. 2020. Yield, Yield Components and Lint Quality Traits of Some Cotton Cultivars Grown under East Mediterranean Conditions. International Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Research (IJOEAR), 6(2): 45-49.
  28. Maryum, Z., Luqman, T., Nadeem, S., Muhy Ud Din Khan, S., Wang, B., Ditta, A., and Kashif Riaz Khan, M. 2022. An overview of salinity stress, mechanism of salinity tolerance and strategies for its management in cotton. Frontiers in Plant ScienceSci. 13:907937. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.907937
  29. Matusiak M and Walawska A. 2010. Important Aspects of Cotton Colour Measurement. Fibers and Textiles in Eastern Europe, 18, 3 (80) 17-23.
  30. McGarry, R.C., Prewitt, S.F., Culpepper, S., Eshed, Y., Lifschitz, E., & Ayre, B. G. (2016) Monopodial and sympodial branching architecture in cotton is differentially regulated by the Gossypium hirsutum SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS and SELF-PRUNING orthologs. New Phytologist, 212, 244-258.
  31. Mirmohammady Maibody, S.A.M. and Ghareyazie, B. 2002. Physiological aspects and breeding for salinity in plants. Isfahan University of Technology Publication Center, (In Farsi).
  32. Montalvo Jr JG. Relationships between Micronaire, Fineness, and Maturity. Part I. Fundamentals. The Journal of Cotton Science, 9: 81–88.
  33. Mozafari, J., Sadeghian, S.Y., Mobasser, S., Hkademi, H. and Mohammadi, S.A. 2010. Principles of plant variety protection. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture Agricultural Research Education and Extensions Organization (AREEO), Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI), (In Farsi).
  34. Naderi Arefi A and Hamidi A. 2014. Seed Cotton Yield and some Related Traits in Different Cultivars of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in Garmsar Conditions. Seed and Plant Production, 30(4): 401-420. (in Persian).
  35. Najjar, H., Taherian, M., Ramazani Moghadam, M.R. and Eskandari Torbaghan, M.2022. Evaluation of Variation and Identification of Effective Traits on Seed Cotton Yield in Iranian Upland Cotton Genotypes (Gossipium hirsutum). Journal of Crop Breeding, 14(42): 22-30. (in Persian with English abstract)
  36. Naz, T., Akhtar, J., Mazhar Iqbal, M., Anwar-Ul-Haq, M., Murtaza, G. and Khan Niazi, N. 2019. Assessment of gas exchange attributes, chlorophyll contents, ionic composition and antioxidant enzymes of bread wheat genotypes in boron toxic, saline and boron. Res. Murdoch Edu Au. 21: 1271–8.
  37. Nikolić, Z., M. Vujakovic, and A. Jevtic, 2008. Genetic purity of sunflower hybrids determined on the basis of isozymes and seed storage proteins. Helia, 31(48): p. 47-54.
  38. Omara, A.E.D., Hafez, E.M., Osman, H.S., Rashwan, E., El-Said, M.A.A. and Alharbi, K. 2022.
    Collaborative impact of Compost and beneficial rhizobacteria on soil properties, physiological attributes, and productivity of wheat subjected to deficit irrigation in salt affected soil. Plants. 11: 877.
  39. Panhwar R, Soomro AR, Ansari BA, Panhwarand SA and Memon S. 2010. Exploring Most Efficient and Reliable Parameters to Measure Earliness in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Genotypes. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Sciences, 26 (1): 39-44.
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    analysis of salinity tolerance in sodium contrasting rice (Oryza sativa ) genotypes. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 54: 787–94.
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Keywords
Introduction; Comercilization; Variety registration; Salinity stress
References
  1. Ahuja, S.L., Monga, D., Meena, R.A., Kumar, R. and Saxena, N. 2016. Effect of intra row spacings on estimates of phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients in cotton (Gossypium arboreum). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 86 (2): 173–7.
  2. Ali Y, Aslam Z and Hussain F. 2005. Genotype and environment interaction effect on yield of cotton under naturally salt stress conditions. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2(2): 169-173.
  3. F., A. Bano, T.U. Hassan, M. Nazir, R.T. Khan. 2023. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria induced modulation of physiological responses in rice under salt and drought stresses. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 55: 447–52.
  4. Alishah 2009. Special Words of Cotton. Ministry of Jahad-e-Agriculture, Research Education and Extension Organization (ARREO), Extension and Education Deputy, Education Technology Office, Agriculture Education Publication, 269 p. (in Persian).
  5. Alishah, O. 2013. Cotton genetics and breeding. Iran University Press. (In Persian).
  6. Alishah and  Mahmoojanlou H. 2019. Value for cultivation and use of new cotton genotypes on yield, morphological and fiber quality traits. Iranian Journal of Cotton Research, 7(1):  15-32. (in Persian with English abstract).
  7. Anjani, A., Padma, , Ramana, J.V. and Satish, Y. 2018. DUS Characterization of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 7(6): 3900-3904.
  8. Arshad M, Wajid A, Maqsood M, Hussain K, Aslam M and Ibrahim M. 2007. Response of growth, yield and quality of different cotton cultivars to sowing date. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science, 44: 208-212.
  9. Ashokkumar, K. and Ravikesavan, 2011. Morphological Diversity and per se Performance in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Journal of Agricultural Science, 3 (2): 107-113.
  10. Asif, M., Iqbal Mirza, J. and Zafar, Y. 2008. Genetic Analysis for Fiber Quality Traits of some Cotton Genotypes. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40(3): 1209-1215.
  11. Berlangieri Costa, M. 2015. Temperature in the Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Canopy and Effects on Cotton Leaf and Boll Growth. Pp: 103, MSc. Thesis, University of Arkansas.
  12. BeyyavaŞ, , Cun, S. and Kara, H. 2022. Determination of Yield and Fiber Quality Characteristics of Some Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Varieties Cultivated in Şanlıurfa-Harran Plain Conditions. ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 6(4): 816-827.
  13. Conaty, W., Brodrick, R., Mahan, J., and Payton, P. 2015. Climate and Its Interaction with Cotton Morphology. In: Cotton. Agronomy Monograph 57.ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 401-418.
  14. Ehsan, F., Nadeem, A.A., Tahir, M.A. and Majeed A. 2008. Comparative yield performance of new cultivars of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Pakistan Journal Life Social Science, 6 (1):1-3.
  15. Farooq J, Farooq A, Rizwan M, Petrescu-Mag IV, Amjad Ali M, Mahmood K and Batool A. 2015. Cotton fibers: Attributes of specialized cells and factors affecting them. Advanced Environmental Science. –International Journal of the Bioflux Society, 7 (3): 369- 382.
  16. Ghosh A, Das S and Majumder A. 2016. A Statistical Analysis of Cotton Fiber Properties. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series E, 97(1)-1-7.
  17. Hamidi, A., Ghasemi Bezdi, K., Baniani, E., Hekmat, M.H., Alishah, O., Arabsalmani, M., Vafaeetabar, M., Miri, A.A. and Khazaei, F. 2016. Evaluation of distinctness, uniformity and stability of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense) common and new cultivars by using morphological characteristics. Iranian Journal of Cotton Researches, 3(2): 1-25. (in Persian with English abstract)
  18. Hamidi A, Ghasemi Bezdi K and Jafari Y. 2018. Evaluation of Morphological Characteristics of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum ) New Genotypes in Golestan Province. Journal of Crop Breeding, 10 (9): 66-74. (in Persian)
  19. Hamidi, A., Vafaeetabar, M., Baniani, E. and Khazaei, F. 2020. Evaluation of distinctness, uniformity and stability of some Upland (Gossypium hirsutum) and Sea Island (G. barbadense) Cotton cultivars and genotypes morphological characteristics, Iranian Journal of Cotton Researches, 7(2): 93-114. (in Persian with English abstract)
  20. Hamidi, A., Karimi Mazidi, S., Esmaeili Mazidi, M., Ansari, M.A., Sarfarazi, S., Hakimi, M., Razaian, R., Monfared, Z., Khelghati Bana, F., Maleki Ziarati, H. and Rahnama, 2021. Evaluation of six new foreign Cotton Cultivars Value of Cultivation and use (VCU) in Fars province (Darab). Iranian Journal of Cotton Researches 9(2): 193-222. (in Persian with English abstract)
  21. Hamidi, A., Alishah, O. Rahemi, M.R., Mohajer Abbasi, A., Jafari Mofid Abadi, Y., Hosseipour, J., Ghasemi Bezdi, K., Jazayeri Noushabadi, M.R. and Najafian, M. 2022a. Evaluation of some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of six newly introduced genotypes of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Iranian Journal of Cotton Researches 9(2): 179-201. (in Persian with English abstract)
  22. Hamidi, A., Zangi, M.R., Soltani, S., Arab Salmani, M., Mohajer Abbasi, A. 2022b. Evaluation of Seed Cotton Yield, its Components and some Morphological traits, Fiber quality and Verticillium wilt tolerance of cotton new genotypes and cultivars in Golestan province. Crop Production Journal, 15 (3), 1-20. (in Persian with English abstract)
  23. J., Hu, X., Duan, H., Zhang, H. and Yu, Q. 2021. Na+ and K+ homeostasis is important for
    salinity and drought tolerance of Calligonum mongolicum. Pakistan J. Bot. 53:1927–34.
  24. International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), 2018. Cotton, Guidelines for the conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability. TG/88/7, pp: 29.
  25. Jalilian, S., Madani, H., Vafaie-Tabar, M.A. and Sajedi, N.A. Agronomic response of different cotton cultivars and hybrids to changes in plant density. Iranian Journal of Cotton Researches, 9(1): 189-208. (in Persian with English abstract)
  26. Khan, M.N., Li, Y., Khan, Z., Chen, L., Liu, J., Hu, J., Wu, H. and Li, Z., 2021. Nanoceria seed priming enhanced salt tolerance in rapeseed through modulating ROS homeostasis and α-amylase activities. Journal of Nanobiotechnology. 19: 1-19.
  27. KIilli F and Beycioglu T. 2020. Yield, Yield Components and Lint Quality Traits of Some Cotton Cultivars Grown under East Mediterranean Conditions. International Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Research (IJOEAR), 6(2): 45-49.
  28. Maryum, Z., Luqman, T., Nadeem, S., Muhy Ud Din Khan, S., Wang, B., Ditta, A., and Kashif Riaz Khan, M. 2022. An overview of salinity stress, mechanism of salinity tolerance and strategies for its management in cotton. Frontiers in Plant ScienceSci. 13:907937. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.907937
  29. Matusiak M and Walawska A. 2010. Important Aspects of Cotton Colour Measurement. Fibers and Textiles in Eastern Europe, 18, 3 (80) 17-23.
  30. McGarry, R.C., Prewitt, S.F., Culpepper, S., Eshed, Y., Lifschitz, E., & Ayre, B. G. (2016) Monopodial and sympodial branching architecture in cotton is differentially regulated by the Gossypium hirsutum SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS and SELF-PRUNING orthologs. New Phytologist, 212, 244-258.
  31. Mirmohammady Maibody, S.A.M. and Ghareyazie, B. 2002. Physiological aspects and breeding for salinity in plants. Isfahan University of Technology Publication Center, (In Farsi).
  32. Montalvo Jr JG. Relationships between Micronaire, Fineness, and Maturity. Part I. Fundamentals. The Journal of Cotton Science, 9: 81–88.
  33. Mozafari, J., Sadeghian, S.Y., Mobasser, S., Hkademi, H. and Mohammadi, S.A. 2010. Principles of plant variety protection. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture Agricultural Research Education and Extensions Organization (AREEO), Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI), (In Farsi).
  34. Naderi Arefi A and Hamidi A. 2014. Seed Cotton Yield and some Related Traits in Different Cultivars of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in Garmsar Conditions. Seed and Plant Production, 30(4): 401-420. (in Persian).
  35. Najjar, H., Taherian, M., Ramazani Moghadam, M.R. and Eskandari Torbaghan, M.2022. Evaluation of Variation and Identification of Effective Traits on Seed Cotton Yield in Iranian Upland Cotton Genotypes (Gossipium hirsutum). Journal of Crop Breeding, 14(42): 22-30. (in Persian with English abstract)
  36. Naz, T., Akhtar, J., Mazhar Iqbal, M., Anwar-Ul-Haq, M., Murtaza, G. and Khan Niazi, N. 2019. Assessment of gas exchange attributes, chlorophyll contents, ionic composition and antioxidant enzymes of bread wheat genotypes in boron toxic, saline and boron. Res. Murdoch Edu Au. 21: 1271–8.
  37. Nikolić, Z., M. Vujakovic, and A. Jevtic, 2008. Genetic purity of sunflower hybrids determined on the basis of isozymes and seed storage proteins. Helia, 31(48): p. 47-54.
  38. Omara, A.E.D., Hafez, E.M., Osman, H.S., Rashwan, E., El-Said, M.A.A. and Alharbi, K. 2022.
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