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اثر مایکوریزا و محلولپاشی عنصر روی بر صفات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گل مغربی صورتی (Oenothera speciosa Nutt.) | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 40، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 122، دی 1403، صفحه 785-804 اصل مقاله (945.17 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2024.364509.3404 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهرا بهارمست1؛ معظم حسن پور اصیل* 1؛ محمدباقر فرهنگی2؛ امیر صحرارو1 | ||
| 1گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران | ||
| 2گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: گل مغربی صورتی یکی از معروفترین گونههای دارویی با ارزش اقتصادی بالا در جهان است که در ایران نیز بهعنوان یک گیاه زینتی دارویی کاشته میشود. علاوه بر آن، روغن بذر آن در صنایع دارویی، صنایع غذایی، آرایشی و بهداشتی استفاده میشود. کیفیت محصولات کشاورزی را میتوان با استفاده از ریزمغذیها و کودهای زیستی افزایش داد. از این رو، این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر کاربرد قارچ آربوسکولار مایکوریزا و محلولپاشی عنصر روی بر جذب مواد مغذی و ویژگیهای مورفوفیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی گل مغربی صورتی (Oenothera speciosa Nutt.) انجام شد. مواد و روشها: این پژوهش در طی یک سال از مهر 1401 تا شهریور 1402 بر روی گل مغربی انجام شد. بدین منظور بذرهای گل مغربی ابتدا به مدت 120 روز در شرایط گلخانه در گلدان اندازه 10 کشت و بعد در زمان انتقال نشاء به گلدان اصلی با گونه مایکوریزا آربوسکولار Glomus intraradices تلقیح شدند و مایهزنی در دو سطح تلقیح و عدم تلقیح در زمان انتقال نشاء گلدان اصلی انجام گردید. این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی اجرا و محلولپاشی عنصر روی به شکل سولفات روی در سه سطح صفر (شاهد)، 3 و 5 میلیگرم در لیتر در سه تکرار در مرحله هشت برگی انجام شد. پیش از کاشت گیاه از مخلوط خاک مورد استفاده نمونهبرداری شد و آزمایش فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک شامل غلظت عنصرهای نیتروژن، پتاسیم، فسفر و کربن زیستتوده انجام شد. صفات مورد بررسی شامل صفات مورفولوژیک (وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی، تعداد گل در ساقه، قطر گل، طول دوره گلدهی، تعداد برگ، تعداد کپسول، تعداد بذر در کپسول، تعداد شاخه جانبی) و تعداد اسپور مایکوریزا در خاک و صفات فیزیولوژیک شامل کلروفیلهای a، b و کل، کاروتنوئید، فنل و فلاونوئید و آنتیاکسیدان و فعالیت آنزیمهای کاتالاز و پراکسیداز در برگ ارزیابی شدند. نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که در تیمار محلولپاشی با سولفات روی 5 میلیگرم بر لیتر صفات تعداد گل در بوته، تعداد کپسول در بوته، تعداد بذر در بوته، عملکرد بذر، تعداد میانگره، تعداد ساقه فرعی و وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی و صفات فیتوشیمیایی فلاونوئید، آنتیاکسیدان، کاتالاز و پراکسیداز و علاوه بر این عنصرهای فسفر، روی، بور، منگنز، آهن و مس در سطح احتمال 1% تفاوت معنیداری با هم داشتند. در کاروتنوئید و عنصرهای نیتروژن و پتاسیم در سطح احتمال 5% تفاوت معنیداری حاصل شد. اثر تیمار تلقیح با قارچ آربوسکولار مایکوریزا بر صفات تعداد گل در بوته، تعداد کپسول در بوته، تعداد بذر در بوته، عملکرد بذر، قطر گل، قطر ساقه، سطح برگ، تعداد برگ، وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی، ارتفاع گیاه و طول دوره گلدهی و علاوه بر این کلروفیل کل، فنل، فلاونوئید، آنتیاکسیدان و کاتالاز و عنصرهای نیتروژن، روی، بور، منگنز، آهن و مس در سطح احتمال 1% تفاوت معنیداری با هم داشتند. صفت تعداد ساقه فرعی، کاروتنوئید و پراکسیداز در سطح احتمال 5% معنیدار بود. اثر متقابل تیمارهای محلولپاشی با سولفات روی 5 میلیگرم بر لیتر و قارچ آربوسکولار مایکوریزا در صفت وزن تر اندام هوایی و کلروفیل کل در سطح احتمال 1% و تعداد گل و کلروفیل a و کاتالاز و عنصر روی در سطح احتمال 5% تفاوت معنیداری مشاهده شد. مقایسه بین تیمارها نشان داد تیمار محلولپاشی با سولفات روی 5 میلیگرم در لیتر همراه با تلقیح قارچ آربوسکولار مایکوریزا بیشترین تأثیر را بر افزایش میزان گلدهی، عملکرد بذر و ترکیبات فنلی و آنزیمهای کاتالاز و پراکسیداز داشت. نتیجهگیری: بهطور کلی میتوان نتیجهگیری کرد که در بین تیمارهای استفاده شده، تیمار محلولپاشی با سولفات روی (5 میلیگرم بر لیتر) همراه با قارچ آربوسکولار مایکوریزا میتواند با تأثیر بر فراهمی عناصر غذایی و افزایش رشد رویشی در حصول عملکرد بالای گل و بذر و افزایش میزان کلروفیلهای a و کل، کاروتنوئید، فلاونوئید، آنتیاکسیدان، کاتالاز و پراکسیداز این گیاه با ارزش مؤثر باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| پراکسیداز؛ ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی؛ فلاونوئید کل؛ کاتالاز | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of mycorrhiza and foliar application of zinc element on morphological and biochemical properties of pink evening primrose (Oenothera speciosa Nutt.) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Z. Baharmast1؛ M. Hassanpour Asil1؛ M. B. Farhangi2؛ A. Sahraroo1 | ||
| 1Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Pink evening primrose is one of the world's most well-known and economically valuable medicinal plant species. It has also been cultivated as an ornamental and medicinal plant in Iran. In addition, its seed oil is used in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and healthcare industries. Micronutrients and biofertilizers can enhance the quality of agricultural products. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and zinc foliar spraying on the nutrient uptake morphophysiological and biochemical characteristics of pink evening primrose. Methodology: This research was conducted on evening primrose for one year, from October 2022 to September 2023. For this purpose, evening primrose seeds were first grown for 120 days in greenhouse conditions in size 10 pots and then at the time of transplanting to the main pot, they were inoculated with Glomus intraradices arbuscular mycorrhizal species, and inoculation was carried out at two levels of inoculation and non-inoculation during the transfer of the seedlings of the main pot. This experiment was carried out factorially in a completely randomized design and foliar application of zinc element in zinc sulfate at three levels of zero (control), 3 and 5 mg/L in three replications at the eight-leaf stage. Before planting the plant, samples were taken from the soil mixture used, and the physicochemical test of the soil included The concentration of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and biomass carbon elements. The examined traits include Morphological traits (wet and dry weight of shoot, number of flowers per stem, flower diameter, length of flowering period, number of leaves, number of capsules, number of seeds in capsule, number of lateral branches) and number of mycorrhizal spores in the soil and physiological traits including chlorophylls a, b and total, carotenoid, phenol and flavonoid and antioxidant and activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes were evaluated in leaves. Results: The results showed that in the foliar treatment with 5 mg/l zinc sulfate, the number of flowers per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed yield, number of internodes, number of secondary stems, fresh and dry weight of shoot and flavonoid phytochemical traits, antioxidant, catalase and peroxidase and in addition elements of phosphorus, zinc, boron, manganese, iron and copper were significantly different at the 1% probability level. Carotenoid, nitrogen and potassium elements were found to have a significant difference at the 5% probability level. The effect of inoculation treatment with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on the traits of number of flowers per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed yield, flower diameter, stem diameter, leaf area, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of shoot, plant height and length flowering period and in addition, total chlorophyll, phenol, flavonoid, antioxidant and catalase and elements of nitrogen, zinc, boron, manganese, iron and copper were significantly different at the 1% probability level. The traits of the number of secondary stems, carotenoids, and peroxidase were significant at the 5% probability level. The interaction effect of foliar spraying treatments with zinc sulfate 5 mg/litre and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on shoot weight and total chlorophyll at the 1% probability level, and the number of flowers, chlorophyll a, catalase and zinc element was observed to be significant difference at 5% probability level. The comparison between the treatments showed that the foliar treatment with zinc sulfate 5 mg/litre, along with the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, had the most significant effect on increasing the amount of flowering, seed yield and phenolic compounds and catalase and peroxidase enzymes. Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that among the treatments used, foliar spraying treatment with zinc sulfate (5 mg/litre) along with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus can achieve high flower and seed yield by affecting the availability of nutrients and increasing vegetative growth. It can also increase the amount of chlorophyll and total carotenoid, flavonoid, antioxidant, catalase, and peroxidase of this valuable plant. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Peroxidase, antioxidant capacity, total flavonoid, catalase | ||
| مراجع | ||
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