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تأثیر باکتری Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki در اختلاط با نیمارین و ماترین روی آفت جنگلی پروانه ابریشمباف ناجورLymantria dispar | ||
| تحقیقات حمایت و حفاظت جنگلها و مراتع ایران | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 22، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 44، اسفند 1403، صفحه 268-284 اصل مقاله (596.46 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfrpr.2024.367089.1641 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدیه موسوی1؛ شهرام آرمیده* 2؛ سمانه اکبری1 | ||
| 1دانش‌آموخته دکتری حشره‌شناسی، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران. | ||
| 2نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران. پست الکترونیک: Sh.aramideh@urmia.ac.ir | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: ابریشمباف ناجورLymantria dispar L. از آفات مهم درختان جنگلی و باغی محسوب می‌شود. این آفت روی طیف گستردهای از گونههای درختی و درختچهای تغذیه میکند. تغذیه از برگهای درختان توسط لاروهای این آفت موضوعی بسیار شایع است. میزان رشد و تولید درختان آلوده به این آفت، حتی اگر خشک نشوند، در سالهای بعد کاهش مییابد و این درختان متحمل خسارت جبرانناپذیری میشوند. کنترل شیمیایی آن موجب مخاطرات جدی مانند از بین بردن دشمنان طبیعی، مقاومت آفات، طغیان آفات جدید و آلودگی محیطزیست می‌شود، بنابراین، در این پژوهش تأثیر آفتکشهای گیاهی نیمارین و ماترین در اختلاط با آفتکش میکروبی باکتری Bacillus thuriugiensis subsp. Kurstaki (Btk)در کنترل لاروهای ابریشمباف ناجور L. dispar ارزیابی شد. مواد و روشها: تودههای تخم پروانه ابریشمباف ناجور از صنوبرهای (Populous nigra L.) آلوده به این آفت در پردیس نازلوی دانشگاه ارومیه در سال 1402 جمعآوری و روی برگهای جوان و تازه صنوبر در اتاقک رشد (ژرمیناتور) پرورش داده شدند. برگهای صنوبر روزانه بررسی و با برگهای جوان و تازه جایگزین شد. باکتری مورداستفاده در این پژوهش فرمولاسیون تجاری Belthirul بر پایه Btk تولید کشور اسپانیا و شرکت پروبلت (Probelte) مادرید بود. حشره‌کش گیاهی نیمارین (Neemarin EC15%) عصاره گیاه چریش indica Juss A. Azadirachtaو حاوی آزادیراختین، ساخت کشور هندوستان است. این حشره‌کش از مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور تهیه شد. ماترین با نام تجاری روی آگرو (Rui Agro) حشرهکشی تماسی و گوارشی است و فراورده عصاره ریشه گیاهی تلخبیانSophora flavescens Ait. ساخت کشور چین است. این حشره‌کش زیر نظر شرکت اکوسرت (Ecocert) فرانسه تولید می‌شود. آزمایشهای زیستسنجی شامل تأثیر نیمارین، ماترین و باکتری Btk و اختلاط آنها، همچنین تأثیر غلظت زیرکشنده (LC25) آنها در دگردیسی آفت شامل تبدیل مرحله لاروی به شفیره و مرحله شفیرگی به حشره کامل در شرایط آزمایشگاهی داخل اتاقک رشد با دمای 2±27 درجه سلسیوس و رطوبت نسبی 5±65 درصد روی لاروهای سن دوم و سوم آفت انجام شد. همچنین، اثر غلظتهای توصیهشده ترکیبات در شرایط صحرایی روی لاروهای سن سوم این آفت بررسی و ارزیابی گردید. نتایج و یافتهها: نتایج حاصل از تجزیه پروبیت غلظتهای مختلف نیمارین 00/150، 50/267، 00/385، 50/502 و 00/620، ماترین 50/22، 25/38، 00/54، 75/69 و 50/85 و باکتری Btk 00/300، 50/712، 00/1125، 50/1537 و 00/1950 پی‌پی‌ام بعد از 24 و 48 ساعت نشان داد با توجه به LC50 حاصل، ماترین سمیت بیشتری نسبت به نیمارین و باکتری Btk دارد. همچنین در بررسی اثر تلفیقی ترکیبات، نتایج نشان داد، در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد بین تیمارها اختلاف معنیداری وجود دارد و ترکیب نیمارین و ماترین با یکدیگر و با باکتری Btk بیشترین درصد کنترلی را بعد از 72 ساعت روی هر دو سن لاروی داشت. در بررسی تأثیر ترکیبات روی لاروهای سن سوم پروانه ابریشمباف ناجور در شرایط صحرایی در تمام روزهای بعد از محلولپاشی، بیشترین تلفات روی لارو سن سوم مربوط به تیمار ترکیب نیمارین+ ماترین و در مرحله بعد ترکیب ماترین+ Btk به دست آمد و در ارزیابی تأثیر غلظت زیرکشنده، نیمارین (94/136 پی‌پی‌ام)، ماترین (92/15 پی‌پی‌ام) و باکتری Btk (75/302 پی‌پی‌ام) روی تبدیل مرحله لاروی به شفیره و مرحله شفیرگی به حشره کامل، بیشترین میزان بازدارندگی در تیمار نیمارین مشاهده شد. نتیجهگیری: با در نظر گرفتن محدودیت استفاده و اثرهای سوء آفتکشهای شیمیایی، استفاده از ترکیبات بیولوژیک و گیاهی در کنترل آفات ضروریست. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد، در کنترل مرحله لاروی این آفت در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و صحرایی و تأثیر روی چرخه زندگی با استفاده از غلظتهای زیرکشنده، این سه ترکیب زیستی از ظرفیت بالایی برخوردارند، همچنین میتوان بهصورت اختلاط برای افزایش تأثیر استفاده کرد، بنابراین، در کنترل لاروهای این آفت و آفتهای مشابه در باغها و جنگلها توصیه می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آفت جنگلی؛ آفتکش گیاهی؛ آفتکش میکروبی؛ کنترل بیولوژیک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis B. in mixed with Neemarin and Matrine against forest pest, Lymantria dispar L. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mahdieh Mousavi1؛ Shahram Aramideh2؛ Samaneh Akbari1 | ||
| 1PhD in Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| 2Corresponding author, Associate Professor., Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., is one of the most significant pests of forest and orchard trees, feeding on a wide range of tree and shrub species. Larval feeding on tree leaves is a common occurrence that severely impacts tree growth and productivity. Even if infested trees do not die, they experience significant reductions in growth and yield in subsequent years, leading to irreversible damage. Chemical control poses serious risks, including the destruction of natural enemies, pest resistance, secondary pest outbreaks, and environmental pollution. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of botanical pesticides Neemarin and Matrine, in combination with the microbial pesticide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk), for controlling L. dispar larvae. Methodology: Egg masses of L. dispar were collected from infested black poplar (Populus nigra L.) trees on the Nazloo campus of Urmia University in 2023 and reared on fresh poplar leaves in a growth chamber. The leaves were replaced daily with fresh ones. The microbial pesticide used was the commercial formulation Belthirul, based on Btk (Problet, Madrid, Spain). Neemarin (Neemarin EC15%) is an Azadirachta indica Juss A. extract containing azadirachtin, manufactured in India and procured from the Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection. Matrine (brand name: Rui Agro) is a contact and oral insecticide derived from Sophora flavescens Ait., produced in China under the supervision of Ecocert France. Bioassay experiments were conducted to assess the effects of Neemarin, Matrine, and Btk individually and in combination on second and third instar larvae. Additionally, the impact of sublethal concentrations (LC25) of these compounds on pest metamorphosis (larval-to-pupal and pupal-to-adult transformation) was evaluated under laboratory conditions using a germinator (27±2 °C, 65±5% relative humidity). The effectiveness of recommended concentrations was also tested on third instar larvae under field conditions. Results: Probit analysis of different concentrations of Neemarin (150.00, 267.50, 385.00, 502.50, 620.00 ppm), Matrine (22.50, 38.25, 54.00, 69.75, 85.50 ppm), and Btk (300.00, 712.50, 1125.00, 1537.50, 1950.00 ppm) after 24 and 48 hours showed that Matrine had higher toxicity (lower LC50) than Neemarin and Btk. The combined treatments demonstrated significant differences (P<0.05), with the Neemarin+Matrine+Btk mixture causing the highest larval mortality after 72 hours in both instars. Under field conditions, the highest third instar larval mortality was observed in the Neemarin+Matrine treatment, followed by Matrine+Btk. Evaluating sublethal concentrations of Neemarin (136.94 ppm), Matrine (15.92 ppm), and Btk (302.75 ppm) on larval metamorphosis revealed that Neemarin had the highest inhibitory effect on larval transformation to pupae and pupal development into adults. Conclusion: Given the limitations and adverse effects of chemical pesticides, the use of biological and botanical alternatives for pest control is essential. The results of this study demonstrated that these biological compounds, both individually and in combination, effectively control L. dispar larvae under laboratory and field conditions. Additionally, sublethal concentrations significantly disrupted the pest’s life cycle. Therefore, these bio-insecticides, particularly in combination, can be recommended as effective alternatives for managing L. dispar larvae and similar pests in forests and orchards. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Forest pest, plant pesticides, microbial pesticides, biological control | ||
| مراجع | ||
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