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Karimian, Mohammad, Behjati, Mohaddeseh, Mohammadi, Amir Hossein. (1404). COVID-19 and ACE2 receptor in different tissues: From pathophysiologic function to therapeutic responses. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 80(3), 591-604. doi: 10.32592/ARI.2025.80.3.591
Mohammad Karimian; Mohaddeseh Behjati; Amir Hossein Mohammadi. "COVID-19 and ACE2 receptor in different tissues: From pathophysiologic function to therapeutic responses". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 80, 3, 1404, 591-604. doi: 10.32592/ARI.2025.80.3.591
Karimian, Mohammad, Behjati, Mohaddeseh, Mohammadi, Amir Hossein. (1404). 'COVID-19 and ACE2 receptor in different tissues: From pathophysiologic function to therapeutic responses', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 80(3), pp. 591-604. doi: 10.32592/ARI.2025.80.3.591
Karimian, Mohammad, Behjati, Mohaddeseh, Mohammadi, Amir Hossein. COVID-19 and ACE2 receptor in different tissues: From pathophysiologic function to therapeutic responses. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1404; 80(3): 591-604. doi: 10.32592/ARI.2025.80.3.591

COVID-19 and ACE2 receptor in different tissues: From pathophysiologic function to therapeutic responses

Archives of Razi Institute
مقاله 7، دوره 80، شماره 3، مرداد و شهریور 2025، صفحه 591-604    اصل مقاله (589.77 K)
نوع مقاله: Review Article
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.32592/ARI.2025.80.3.591
نویسندگان
Mohammad Karimian* 1؛ Mohaddeseh Behjati2؛ Amir Hossein Mohammadi3
1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
2Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
چکیده
SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is characterized by its high transmission rate, leading to a global pandemic. Millions of people have lost their lives due to the infection caused by this virus. The ability of the virus to spread rapidly and infect large numbers of people has highlighted the need to understand its infection mechanisms. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an essential receptor for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. SARS-CoV-2 shows high affinity to this receptor and shows high infectivity, which leads to an explosive increase of this virus in patients infected with COVID-19. ACE2 is the carboxypeptidase homolog of ACE, which produces angiotensin II, the main active peptide of the renin-angiotensin system. From a pathophysiological perspective, this system regulates vital processes in different organs. In addition, ACE2 enzyme activity could play a protective role against acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by viral pneumonia. Upon infection, SARS-CoV-2 down-regulates the expression of ACE2, which is possibly related to the ARDS pathogenesis. Since this receptor is present in various other tissues such as the heart, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, reproductive system, and sensory organs, it may cause pathological symptoms in these organs. Thus, ACE2 is not only a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 but may play a crucial role in various aspects of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and possible post-COVID-19 syndromes. Administering ACE2 may competitively bind to SARS-CoV, thereby preventing the viral spike protein from attaching to the transmembrane ACE2 and consequently reducing viral cell entry and COVID-19 symptoms. Here, we first review the role of ACE2 in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 across different tissues and propose treatment strategies for COVID-19 that involve ACE2.
کلیدواژه‌ها
ACE2؛ COVID-19؛ Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system؛ SARS-CoV-2
عنوان مقاله [English]
گیرنده COVID-19 و ACE2 در بافت های مختلف: از عملکرد پاتوفیزیولوژیک تا پاسخ های درمانی
چکیده [English]
ویروس SARS-CoV-2، عامل بیماری COVID-19، با نرخ انتقال بالای خود که منجر به یک پاندمی جهانی شده، شناخته می‌شود. میلیون‌ها نفر جان خود را به دلیل عفونت ناشی از این ویروس از دست داده‌اند. توانایی این ویروس در انتشار سریع و آلوده کردن تعداد زیادی از افراد، نیاز به درک مکانیسم‌های عفونت آن را برجسته کرده است. آنزیم مبدل آنژیوتانسین 2 (ACE2) یک گیرنده ضروری برای ورود SARS-CoV-2 به سلول‌ها است. SARS-CoV-2 نشان‌دهنده تمایل بالایی به این گیرنده است و عفونت‌زایی بالایی دارد، که منجر به افزایش انفجاری این ویروس در بیماران مبتلا به COVID-19 می‌شود. ACE2 یک کاربوکسی‌پپتیداز همولوگ از ACE است که آنژیوتانسین II را تولید می‌کند، که پپتید اصلی فعال سیستم رنین-آنژیوتانسین است. از دیدگاه پاتوفیزیولوژیک، این سیستم فرآیندهای حیاتی در اندام‌های مختلف را تنظیم می‌کند. علاوه بر این، فعالیت آنزیم ACE2 ممکن است نقش محافظتی در برابر سندرم دیسترس حاد تنفسی (ARDS) ناشی از ذات‌الریه ویروسی داشته باشد. پس از عفونت، SARS-CoV-2 بیان ACE2 را کاهش می‌دهد که احتمالاً با پاتوژنز ARDS مرتبط است. از آنجایی که این گیرنده در بافت‌های مختلف دیگری نظیر قلب، کلیه، دستگاه گوارش، سیستم تولیدمثل، و اندام‌های حسی نیز حضور دارد، ممکن است باعث بروز علائم پاتولوژیک در این اندام‌ها شود. بنابراین، ACE2 نه تنها به عنوان گیرنده‌ای برای SARS-CoV-2 عمل می‌کند، بلکه ممکن است در جنبه‌های مختلف پاتوژنز COVID-19 و سندرم‌های احتمالی پس از COVID-19 نقش مهمی ایفا کند. تجویز ACE2 ممکن است به صورت رقابتی به SARS-CoV متصل شود و از اتصال پروتئین اسپایک ویروسی به ACE2 غشایی جلوگیری کرده و در نتیجه ورود ویروس به سلول و علائم COVID-19 را کاهش دهد. در اینجا، ابتدا نقش ACE2 در پاتوفیزیولوژی SARS-CoV-2 در بافت‌های مختلف را مرور می‌کنیم و استراتژی‌های درمانی برای COVID-19 که شامل ACE2 هستند را پیشنهاد می‌دهیم.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
ACE2, کووید 19, سیستم رنین-آنژیوتانسین-آلدوسترون, SARS-CoV-2
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تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 242
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