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تجربه مدیریت تلفیقی آفات خیار گلخانه بر پایه کنترل بیولوژیک با عوامل تولید داخل | ||
| آفات و بیماری های گیاهی | ||
| دوره 92، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 118، 1403، صفحه 107-121 اصل مقاله (1.13 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مدیریت آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jaep.2024.366055.1518 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| شهریار عسگری* 1؛ شهرام فرخی2؛ سید حسن ملکشی3؛ شهرام نعیمی4؛ مسعود اربابی5؛ شهرام شاهرخی6 | ||
| 1بخش تحقیقات کشت گلخانه ای، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ورامین، ایران | ||
| 2بخش تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3بخش تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک، موسسۀ تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 4بخش تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک، موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 5بخش تحقیقات جانورشناسی، موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 6موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور، بخش تحقیقات سن گندم | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مدیریت آفات بر پایه بیولوژیک (تیمار) با مدیریت بر پایه شیمیایی مرسوم کشاورز (شاهد)، در فصل کشت زمستانه-بهاره (1401-1400) در دو گلخانه 1300 مترمربعی خیار با ساختار فلزی منطقه ورامین، مقایسه شد. آفات با تقویت جمعیت طبیعی مگس شکارگر سنوزیا (Coenosia attenuata) و رهاسازی عوامل بیولوژیک (سه گونه کنه شکارگر Neoseiulus californicus, Phytoseiulus persimilis, Amblyseius swirskii) تولید داخل و بیماری‌های هوازاد و خاکزاد به‌ترتیب با قارچکش‌های شیمیایی و زیستی کنترل شدند. پایش آفات دو گلخانه یک هفته در میان، به‌روش‌های: مشاهده و پرچم زدن گیاهان آلوده، نمونهبرداری تصادفی از 15 بوته و ثبت تعداد آفات در تلههای کارتی چسبناک انجام شد. درصد آلودگی بوتهها به تریپس بالا و در هر دو گلخانه تیمار (62 درصد) و شاهد (31 درصد) زیاد بود. آلودگی به سفیدبالک و مگس مینوز دیده شد ولی به‌خوبی توسط مگس شکارگر سنوزیا در هر دو گلخانه کنترل شد. کنههای شکارگر نیز توسعه جمعیت کنه تارتن را در گلخانه تیمار متوقف کردند. عوامل بیولوژیک تا دمای میانگین روزانه 25 درجه سلسیوس و رطوبت حداقل 60-50 درصد کنترل قابل قبولی روی آفات داشتند و می‌توانند جایگزین مناسبی برای کنترل شیمیایی مرسوم باشند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| محصول سالم؛ غیرشیمیایی؛ آفت؛ بیماری؛ پارازیتوئید؛ شکارگر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The experience of integrated management of cucumber greenhouse pests based on biological control with indoor produced agents | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Shahriar Asgari1؛ Shahram Farrokhi2؛ Seyed Hassan Malkeshi3؛ Shahram Naeimi4؛ Masoud Arbabi5؛ Shahram Shahrokhi6 | ||
| 1Greenhouse Cultivation Research Dept., Tehran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Varamin, Iran | ||
| 2Biological Control Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, AREEO, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Biological Control Research Dept., Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, AREEO, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 4Biological Control Research Dept., Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, AREEO, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 5Zoological Research Dept., Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, AREEO, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 6Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, sunn pest Research Department | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In two metal structure cucumber greenhouses (each unit ~1300 m2) in Varamin region, an IPM program based on biological control (treatment) was compared with the conventional pest control method (control) during winter-spring cultivation season (2021-2022). In the treatment greenhouse, pests were controlled by augmenting hunter fly, Coenosia attenuata, population and releasing indoor produced biological control agents of three predatory mite species, Neoseiulus californicus, Phytoseiulus persimilis, and Amblyseius swirskii. Moreover, air-borne and soil-borne diseases were managed with chemicals and bio-fungicides, respectively. Pest monitoring of two greenhouses was done every other week by three methods including a) observational survey and flaging the attacked plants, b) random sampling of 15 plants, and c) recording the number of pests on the sticky card traps. Percentage of plants infested with thrips was high in both treatment (62%) and control (31%) greenhouses. Leaf miners and whiteflies infestations were observed, but well controlled by predatory fly, C. attenuata, in both greenhouses. Predatory mites also stopped the development of spider mite population in the treatment greenhouse. Biological agents had an acceptable control on pests at average daily temperature up to 25°C and humidity of at least 50-60% and therefore, they can be a suitable alternative to conventional chemical control. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Healthy product, non-chemical, pest, disease, parasitoid, predator | ||
| مراجع | ||
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