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بررسی اثرات خشک‌سالی روی الگوی زمانی تغذیة آبخوان ها در آبخیز دامغان‌رود | ||
| پژوهش های آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 38، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 146، فروردین 1404، صفحه 38-60 اصل مقاله (1.97 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/wmrj.2024.365662.1585 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهین خسروی1؛ محمد رضا یزدانی* 2 | ||
| 1پژوهشگر پسادکتری، گروه بیابان‌زدایی، دانشکدة کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه بیابان‌زدایی، دانشکدة کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مقدمه و هدف آب‌های زیرزمینی یکی از مهم‌ترین منابع تأمین آب کشاورزی و شرب به‌شمار می‌آید و به‌شدت تحت تأثیر عامل‌های محیطی و اقلیمی است. دانش محدود ما از فرآیندهای آب‌شناختی به‌ویژه منابع آب زیرزمینی، شناخت سنجه‌ها و الگوهای مؤثر بر تغذیه آب‌های زیرزمینی برای مدیریت بهینة منابع آب ضروری است. بررسی الگوی زمانی تغذیة آب‌های زیرزمینی زمین های را برای مدیریت پایدار منابع آب زیرزمینی به‌منظور کاهش اثرات خشک‌سالی روی منابع آب فراهم می‌آورد. مواد و روشها در این پژوهش کمی‌سازی تغذیة آب‌های زیرزمینی در دورة زمانی 2018-2008 با استفاده از مدل SWAT در آبخیز دامغان‌رود در استان سمنان انجام شد. واسنجی و اعتبارسنجی مدل با استفاده از مدل SWATCUP و دستورالعمل SUFI2 انجام شد. از شاخص های بارش استانداردشده(SPI) ، شناسایی خشک‌سالی RDI و رواناب استانداردشده SRI برای بررسی اثرات خشک‌سالی روی تغذیه آبخوان ها استفاده شدند. بررسی روند تغذیه آبخوان ها با استفاده از آزمون ناپرامتری من-کندال و روش برآوردگر شیب سن محاسبه شد. نتایج و بحث بررسی نتایج ضریب نش-ساتکلیف (NSE) در دورة واسنجی (0/77) و اعتبارسنجی (0/69) در مدل SWAT نشان داد که کارایی این مدل در شبیه سازی آب های زیرزمینی نسبتاً خوب بود. یافته‌ها نشان داد، در مقیاس ماهانه اثرات خشک‌سالی بر تغذیة آبخوان روند خاصی نداشت، اما در فصل‌های زمستان، بهار و تابستان روند افت تغذیة آبخوان افزایشی بود. در فصل‌های بارش، کاهش اندازة بارش و رواناب و افزایش اندازة دما و تبخیرتعرق منجر به افزایش خشک‌سالی و افت تغذیة آبخوان‌ها شد. نتیجهگیری و پیشنهادها تجزیه و تحلیل الگوی زمانی آبخوان‌ها نشان داد در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک، تغییرات متغیرهای اقلیمی ارتباط نزدیکی با یکدیگر و با پدیدة خشک‌سالی دارند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد الگوی زمانی تغذیة آبخوان ها تحت تأثیر تغییرات متغیرهای گوناگون در آبخیز تغییر کرد و اندازة این تغییرات براساس همبستگی متغیرها بود. روندیابی خشک‌سالی ها روی تغذیه آبخوان‌ها نشان داد که در دورة ترسالی روند افزایشی و در دورة خشک‌سالی روند کاهشی بود. از این یافته می‌توان برای بهبود تغذیة آبخوان‌ها در ترسالی ها و کاهش اثرات خشک‌سالی ها روی تغذیه آبخوان ها با مدیریت و برنامه ریزی بهینه منابع آب موجود استفاده کرد. پیشنهاد می‌شود برای بهبود تغذیه آبخوان‌ها و کاهش اثرات خشک‌سالی، برنامه‌ریزی جامع و مدیریت بهینه منابع آب در دوره‌های ترسالی و خشک‌سالی انجام شود. همچنین، استفاده از مدل‌های پیش‌بینی تغییرات اقلیمی و تقویت نظارت و پایش منابع آب زیرزمینی در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک ضروری است تا به‌موقع از کاهش غیرمنتظره تغذیه آبخوان‌ها جلوگیری شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آبزیرزمینی؛ آزمون من-کندال؛ شاخص خشک‌سالی؛ مدل SWAT | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluating the Effect of Drought on the Temporal Recharge Pattern of Aquifers in the Damghanroud Watershed | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mahin Khosravi1؛ Mohammad Reza Yazdani2 | ||
| 1Postdoc researcher, Department of Combat Desertification, Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Combat Desertification, Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction and Goal Groundwater is considered one of the most important sources for agriculture and drinking water supply, and it is significantly affected by environmental and climatic factors. Our limited understanding of hydrological processes, particularly groundwater resource, makes understanding the metrics and patterns affecting groundwater recharge essential for the optimize water resource management. Examining the temporal patterns of groundwater recharge provides a foundation for sustainable management of groundwater resources to mitigate the effects of drought on water supplies. Materials and Methods This study quantifies groundwater recharge from 2008 to 2018 using the SWAT model in the Damghanroud watershed located in Semnan Province. Calibration and validation of the model were performed using SWATCUP and the SUFI2 algorithm. The standardized precipitation index (SPI), the reconnaissance drought index (RDI), and the standardized runoff index (SRI) were used to assess the impacts of drought on aquifer recharge. The trend of aquifer recharge was analyzed using the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test and Sen's slope estimator method. Results and Discussion The analysis of the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) coefficient during the calibration (0.77) and validation (0.69) periods in the SWAT model showed that the model's performance in simulation groundwater was relatively good. The findings revealed that, on a monthly scale, the effects of drought on aquifer recharge did not show a specific trend; however, in the winter, spring, and summer seasons, there was an increasing trend in the decline of aquifer recharge. Reduced rainfall and runoff, coupled with increased temperature and evapotranspiration during rainy seasons, intensified drought conditions, leading to decreased groundwater recharge. Conclusion and suggestions Temporal analysis of aquifers revealed that in arid and semi-arid regions, climatic variable changes are closely linked with drought phenomena. The results of this study show that the temporal pattern of aquifer recharge changed under the influence of various variable changes in the watershed, and the magnitude of these changes was based on the correlation of the variables. The trend analysis of droughts on aquifer recharge showed an increasing trend during wet periods and a decreasing trend during dry periods. These findings can be used to improve aquifer recharge during wet periods and to mitigate the effects of droughts on aquifer recharge through optimal management and planning of existing water resources. It is recommended to implement comprehensive planning and optimal management of water resources during both wet and dry periods to improve groundwater recharge and mitigate the effects of drought. Additionally, using climate change prediction models and strengthening monitoring of groundwater resources in arid and semi-arid areas is essential to prevent unexpected reductions in aquifer recharge in a timely manner. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Groundwater, Mann-Kendall test, Drought index, SWAT model | ||
| مراجع | ||
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