Identification of the predominant predator of the date palm scale, Parlatoria blanchardi, using molecular markers in the palm groves of Bam | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاهپزشکی | ||
| Volume 11, Issue 1, August 2023, Pages 97-108 PDF (627.26 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/bcpp.2024.366314.369 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Mohammad Javad Assari1; Kamran Mahdian* 2; Isa Esfandiarpoor3; Hadi Zohdi4 | ||
| 1Tutor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali–e–Asr University of Rafsanjan, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali–e–Asr University of Rafsanjan, Iran. | ||
| 3Professor, Soil Sciences and Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali–e–Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran. | ||
| 4Assistant Professor, Plant Protection Research Department, Kerman Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Kerman, Iran. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Date palm is a valuable economic product in the southern regions of Iran. Kerman province has the largest cultivated area of date palm in the country. The date palm scale, Parlatoria blanchardi, is one of the key pests of date palm trees in Iran, which sometimes causes significant damage to date palm groves, particularly young trees. Date palm pest control has typically been conducted using insecticides over the past decades. However, considering the negative aspects of chemical control programs, integrated pest management (IPM) and biological control programs have gained attention in recent years. There are significant and effective predators in date palm groves, and one crucial factor in the success of biological control is finding the interactions between predators and their various prey, which is a key criterion for selection. The interactions between prey and predator, and between generalist predators and their various prey, are essential components of ecological studies aimed at explaining the processes of animal population dynamics that can be used in IPM programs. The use of molecular markers has increasingly been employed to determine effective natural enemies. Regular monthly sampling of predators was carried out to determine the frequency of P. blanchardi genome in the digestive systems of predators. DNA extraction was manually conducted using the CTAB–based method, and for examining the P. blanchardi genome, two molecular markers (233 and 186 base pairs) of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene from the date palm scale were used. The number and timing of sampling after feeding depend on the predator species studied and should be considered from the outset. The maximum detection time varies from a few hours to 5 days after feeding on the prey. Therefore, an experiment was designed to determine the maximum time for detecting the remnants of the prey genome in the predator's digestive system. The results confirmed the specificity of the primers used. The best time to detect the genome was determined to be 24 hours after feeding. Additionally, the results indicated that the coccinellid, Chilocorus bipustulatus L., with the highest frequency of detection based on the DNA of the date palm scale, is the dominant and effective species in the evaluated date palm groves. The results of this research have the potential to be used in biological control and ecological studies of predator–prey interactions. . | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Chilocorus bipustulatus; molecular detection; Phoenix dactylifera; biological control; DNA marker | ||
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