| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,186 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,332 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 51,393,676 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 91,299,036 |
اثر ماده ضد تعرق و کودهای زیستی نیتروژنه بر ارقام گندم در شرایط دیم استان لرستان | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 36، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 138، تیر 1403، صفحه 97-66 اصل مقاله (771.24 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2024.355607.1560 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فرنام نصیری1؛ مرجان دیانت* 2؛ مسعود رفیعی3؛ امین ازادی4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خرم آباد، ایران. | ||
| 4استادیار دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی یادگار امام شهر ری، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور بررسی واکنش ارقام گندم دیم به ماده ضد تعرق و کودهای زیستی، آزمایشی در منطقه معتدله سرد (کمالوند) در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی بصورت اسپلیت –پلات فاکتوریل با چهار تکرار در دو سال زراعی 96 -1395 و 97 -1396 اجرا شد. عامل رقم گندم (آذر 2، اوحدی و باران) در کرت اصلی، ماده ضد تعرق (عدم کاربرد و کاربرد آترازین) و کود زیستی نیتروژنی (عدم کاربرد، آزوسپریلیوم، ازتوباکتر) بهصورت فاکتوریل در کرتهای فرعی قرار گرفتند. صفات زراعی و فتوسنتزی و عناصر غذایی ماکرو و میکرو، کربوهیدرات و پروتئین در دانه اندازهگیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که در سال اول رقم اوحدی با کاربرد آترازین و ازتوباکتر بیشترین عملکرد دانه (2420 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و رقم آذر 2 بدون کاربرد ماده ضد تعرق و با کاربرد ازتوباکترکمترین عملکرد دانه (2000 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و در سال دوم رقم باران با کاربرد آترازین و بدون کاربرد کود زیستی بیشترین عملکرد دانه (2765 کیلوگرم در هکتار)و رقم آذر 2 بدون کاربرد آترازین و با کاربرد آزوسپریلیوم کمترین عملکرد دانه با میانگین 2083 کیلوگرم در هکتار را داشتند. کاربرد آترازین و ازتوباکتر باعث افزایش معنیدار شاخص برداشت در دو سال شد. اوحدی با کاربرد آترازین و ازتوباکتر بیشترین میزان فسفر دانه (50/0 درصد) و رقم باران بدون کاربرد ماده ضد تعرق و کود زیستی کمترین میزان فسفر دانه (22/0 درصد) را داشت. بیشترین و کمترین میزان پروتئین دانه با میانگین 8/13 و 5/11 درصد بهترتیب با کاربرد آترازین و آزوسپریلیوم و عدم کاربرد ماده ضد تعرق و کود زیستی حاصل شد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| ازتوباکتر؛ آترازین؛ آهن؛ پتاسیم؛ گندم دیم؛ میزان پروتئین دانه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of antiperspirant and nitrogen biofertilizers on wheat cultivars in rainfed conditions of Lorestan province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Farnam Nasiri1؛ Marjan Diyanat2؛ Masoud Rafiee3؛ Azadi Amin4 | ||
| 1Ph.D Student, Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor of Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Khorramabad, Iran. | ||
| 4Assistant Professor Islamic Azad University, Yadegar Imam, Shahr Rey, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Most cultivated cereals are deficient in micronutrients. Deficiency of these elements in soil not only reduces plant yield but also by reducing the concentration of these elements in foods such as wheat grains reduces their absorption by humans and livestock, which causes various diseases and thus low The level of public health (Cakmak et al, 2012; Shi et al., 2010) is such that the low concentration of minerals such as sulfur, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc and copper in the country's food from The effect on the health and supply of micronutrients required by the body is problematic. Material and Methods In order to investigate the morphological and biochemical response of rain fed wheat cultivars to anti-transpirant and nitrogen biofertilizers, an experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with split-factorial plot arrangement with four replications in the cold temperate zone (Kamalvand Khorramabad) in cropping years 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. Factor of rain fed wheat cultivar (Azar2, Ohadi and Baran) was in the main plot and anti-transpirant (no application and application of atrazine) and nitrogen biofertilizer (no application, application of Azospirillium, application of Azotobacter) as factorial were in sub-plots. Before culture, Azospirillum and Azotobacter fertilizers were applied as seeds in the relevant treatments. For this purpose, first the seeds were soaked, and for more adhesion, some sugar was mixed with the seeds, and then Azospirillum and Azotobacter were used in the amount of one liter per 100 kg of seeds. Atrazine antiperspirant with a concentration of 400 ppm was used in two stages, one in the stage of stalking in late March and the other in the time before pollination using a 20 liter sprayer and in a guided manner. Peduncle length, number of grain per m2, harvest index, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids in the shoot and macro and micro nutrients, carbohydrates and protein in the grain were measured. Results and Discussion In the first year, Ohadi cultivar with atrazine and Aztobacter application had the highest grain yield (2420 kg ha-1) and Azar 2 cultivar without antiperspirant and with Aztobacter application had the lowest grain yield (2000 kg ha-1) and in the second year Baran cultivar with atrazine and Without biofertilizer application, the highest grain yield (2765 kg ha-1) and Azar 2 cultivar without atrazine and with Azospirillium application had the lowest grain yield with an average of (2083 kg ha-1). Baran cultivar with atrazine had the highest total chlorophyll content with an average of 7.8 mg g-1 fresh weight and Azar2 cultivar without antiperspirant application had the lowest total chlorophyll content with an average of 5.5 mg g-1 fresh weight (Table 5). Also, the use of atrazine and azotobacter had the highest amount of total chlorophyll and carotenoids (Table 5). The lowest amount of grain nitrogen was obtained from non-application of biofertilizer with an average of 1.77% and the highest amount was obtained from the use of Azotobacter with an average of 2.38%. Ohadi cultivar with atrazine and Azotobacter had the highest grain phosphorus content with an average of 0.50% and Baran cultivar without antiperspirant and biofertilizer had the lowest grain phosphorus content with an average of 0.22% (Table 9). Ohadi and Baran cultivars using atrazine shared the highest amount of potassium with an average of 0.52% and Azar 2 cultivar without antiperspirant had the lowest amount of potassium with an average of 0.45% (Table 10). The highest amount of grain copper with an average of 7.7 mg kg-1 was obtained with the use of atrazine and Azotobacter. Ohadi cultivar with Azotobacter had the highest amount of iron grain with an average of 63 mg kg-1 and Azar2 cultivar had the lowest amount of iron grain with an average of 58 mg kg-1. Conclusion Application of nitrogen biofertilizers and antiperspirant atrazine improved morphological, photosynthetic traits and grain quality of wheat. The highest amount of total chlorophyll, copper and grain carbohydrates was obtained with the use of atrazine and Azotobacter, but the highest amount of carotenoids and grain protein was obtained with the use of atrazine and Azospirillium. Thus, in dryland conditions of Lorestan province, the use of nitrogen biofertilizers and antiperspirant atrazine is recommended. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Azotobacter, atrazine, iron, potassium, rainfed wheat, seed protein | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abdel-Fattah, G. H. 2013. Response of waterstressed rose of China (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) plant to treatment with calcium carbonate and vapor gard antitranspirants. Journal of Applied Science Research, 9(6): 3566–3572. Abdel-Kareem-Sheikha, S. A. 2009. Physiological studies for different concentration from Bichikol 020 pc (Chitosan) on Bean leaf. Asian Journal of Scientific Research, 11: 73-86. Abdul-Jaleel, C., Manivannan, P., Sankar, B., Kishorekumar, A., Gopi, R., Somasundaram, R., and Panneerselvam, R. 2007. Pseudomonas fluorescens enhances biomass yield and ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus under water deficit stress. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 60(1): 7-11. Ahmad, F., Ahmad, I., and Khan, M. S. 2004. Indole acetic acid production by the indigenous isolates of Azotobacter and Fluorescent Pseudomonas in the presence and absence of tryptophan. Turkish Journal of Biology, 29: 29-34. Alizadeh, O., Alizadeh, A. and Aryana, L. 2010. Optimizing of nitrogen and phosphorus consumption in sustainable agriculture of corn using mycorrhiza and vermicompost. Agricultural new findings, 3(3): 303-316. Anonymous. 2017. Statistics and Information Center. Agricultural Jihad of Golestan Province Arazmju, A., Heydari, M., and Ganbari, A., 2009. Effect of drought stress and three types of fertilizers on flower yield, physiological parameters and nutrient uptake in chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 25(4): 428- 494. [In Persian with English Summary] Bagheri, H., Andalibi, B., Azimi, M. R., Mogadam, E. Z. and Soleiman, J. 2012. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius CV. Sina) oil and seed important in rainfed by Atrazin foliar application. Annals of Biological Research, 3: 1202-1209. Basu, M., Bhadoria, P. B. S., and Mahapatra, S. C. 2008. Growth, nitrogen fixation, yield and kernel quality of peanut in response to lime, organic and inorganic fertilizer levels. Bioresource Technology, 99: 4675-4683. Behl, R. K., Narula, N., Vasudeva, M., Sato, A., Shinano, T., and Osaki, M. 2006. Harnessing wheat genotype x Azotobacter strain interactions for sustainable wheat production in semiarid tropics. TROPICS 15(1) Issued March 1, 2006 Belimov, A. A., Dodd, I. C., Safronova, V. I., Hontzeas, N., and Davies, W. J. 2007. Pseudomonas brassicacearum strain Am3 containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase can show both pathogenic and growth-promoting properties in its interaction with tomato. Journal of Experimental Botany, 58: 1485–1495 Cakmak, I., Pfeiffer, W. H., and Mc Clafferty, B., 2010. Biofortification of durum wheat with zinc and iron. Cereal Chemistry, 87: 10–20. Cantore, V., and Albrizio, R. 2009. Kaolin-based particle film technology affects tomato physiology, yield and quality. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 66: 279-288. Cooper, K.M., and Tinker, P. B. 2003. Translocation and transfer of nutrients in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. Uptake and translocation of phosphorus, zinc and sulphur. New Phytologist, 81: 43-52. Dalla Santa, O. R., Hernández, R. F., Alvarez, G. L. M., Junior, P. R., and Soccol, C. R. 2004. Azospirillum sp. inoculation in wheat, barley and oats seeds greenhouse experiments. Brazilian archives of biology and technology, 47 (6). Devlin, E., and Witham, A. 2002. Heavy metal tolerance in plants. Plant Physiology, 21: 149-150 Ewulo, B. S. 2005. Effect of poultry dung and cattle manure on chemical properties of clay and sandy clay loam soil. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 4(10): 839-841. Faheed, F. A., and Abad –El Fattah, Z. 2008. Effect of chlorella vulgaris as bio- fertizer on growth parameters and metabolic aspects of lettuce plant. Journal of Agricultural and social scienes, 4:165-175. Farouk, S., and Ramadan-Amany, A. 2012. Improving growth and yield of growth by foliar application of chitosan under water stress. Egyptian Journal of Biology, 14: 14-26. Fatma, A. G., Lobna, A. M., and Osman, N. M. 2008. Effect of compost and bio-fertilizers on growth, yield and essential oil of sweet marjoram (Majorana hortensis). Plant Bioresource Technology, 93: 145–153. Ghasemi, M., and Zahedi, M. 2018. Effects of mycorrhizal inoculation on the response of some sorghum genotypes to salinity. Plant Process and Function, 7(24): 121-138. Glick, B. R. 1995. The enhancement of plant growth by free-living bacteria. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 41: 109 – 17. Glick, B. R. 2014. Bacteria with ACC deaminase can promote plant growth and help to feed the world. Microbiological Research, 169(1): 30–39. Good, A. G., and Steven, T. Z. 1994. The effects of drought stress on free amino acid accumulation and protein synthesis in Brassica napus. Plant Physiology, 90: 909-914. Grusak, M. A., and DellaPenna, D. 1999.Improving the nutrient composition of plants to enhance human nutrition and health. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 50: 133–161. Han, H., and Lee, K. 2005. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria effect on antioxidant status, photosynthesis, mineral uptake and growth of lettuce under soil salinity. Research Journal of Agricultural Biological Science, 1: 210-215 Han, H. S., Supanjani, D., and Lee, K. D. 2006. Effect of coin circulation with phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacteria on mineral uptake and growth of pepper and cucumber. Plant, Soil Environment. 52(3): 130-136. Hao, H., Wei, Y., Yang, X., Feng, Y., and Wu, C. 2007. Effects Of different nitrogen fertilizer levels on Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn concentrations in shoot and grain quality in rice (Oryza sativa). Rice Science, 14(4): 289–294. Hasanudin, H. 2003. Increasing of the nutrient and uptake availability of N and P and through corn yield of inoculation of Mycorrhiza and Azotobacter on ultisol organic matter. Journal of Agriculture Sciences of Indonesia, 5(1): 83 – 89. Hayat, S., Hayat, Q., Alyemeni, M. N., Wani, A. S., Pichtel, J., and Ahmad, A. 2012. Role of proline under changing environments. Plant Signa Behaivior, 7: 1456–1466. Ibrahim, E. A. & Selim, E. M. 2010. Effect of irrigation intervalles and antitranspirants (Kaolin) on summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) growth, yield quality and economics. Journal of Soil Science and Agriculture Engineering, 1: 883-894. Kafi, M., Borzooei, A., Salehi, M., Kamandi, A., Maassoumi, A., and Nabati, M. 2009. Plant environmental stress physiology. Jahad Mashhad University Press. 504 Pp. Kader, M. A., Main, M. H., and Hoque, M. S. 2002. Effects of Azotobacter inoculant on the yield and nitrogen uptake by wheat. Journal of Biological Sciences, 2 (4): 259-261. Kasim, W., Osman, M. E. Omar, M. N., Abd El-Daim, I. A., Bejai, S., and Meijer, J. 2013. Control of drought stress in wheat using plant-growth promoting bacteria. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 32:122–130. Khalvati, M. A., Mozafar, A., and Schmidhalter, U. 2005. Quantification of water uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae and its significance for leaf growth, water relations, and gas exchange of barley subjected to drought stress. Plant Biology Stuttgart, 7: 706-712. Kizilkaya, R. 2008. Yield response and nitrogen concentrations of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) inoculated with Azotobacter Chroococcum strains. Ecological Engineering, 33: 50-156. Kumar, V., Behl, R. K., and Narula, N. 2001. Effect of phosphate solubilizing strains of Azotobacter chroococcum on yield traits and their survival in the rhizosphere of wheat genotypes under field conditions. Acta Agronomical Hungarica, 49: 141 – 9. Lalitha, M., Karunakar Babu, M., Ravisankar, C., and Ashoka Rani, Y. 2012. Effect of bioregulators on chlorophyll content and keeping quality of betelvine (Piper betel L.). Journal of South Indian Horticulture, 52: 270-276. Latocha, P., Ciechocińska, M., Pietkiewicz, S., and Kalaji, M. K. 2009. Preliminary assessment of antitranspirant Vapor Gard influence on Actinidia arguta growing under drought stress conditions. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Science, 30: 149–150. Lin, W., Okon, Y., Hardy, R. W. F. 1983. Enhanced mineral uptake by Zea mays and Sorghum bicolor roots inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 45: 1775 – 9. Lichtenthaler, H. K., and Buschmann, C. 2001. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: measurement and characterization by UV-VIS spectroscopy. Current Protocols in Food Analytical Chemistry, F4.3.1-F4.3.8. Masoud, A. A. B. 2012. Impact of some antitranspirants on yield and fruit quality of hamawy apricot trees grown in sandy soils. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science, 8(2): 78–82, Mia, M. A. B. 2015. Nutrition of Crop Plants. New York, Nova Science Publishers, pp. 187. Ministry of Agriculture- Jahad. Agricultural statistic. 2016-17. Moftah, A. E., and Al-Humaid, A. I. 2005a. Effects of kaolin and pinolene film-forming polymers on water relations and photosynthetic rate of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.). Journal of King Saudian University, Agricultural Science, 18 (1): 35–49. Moftah, A. E., and Al-Humaid, A. I. 2005b. Effects of antitranspirants on water relations and photosynthetic rate of cultivated tropical plant (Polianthes tuberosa L.). Poland Journal of Ecology, 53(2): 165–175. Mohammadi, M. P., Sharifi, R., Karimizadeh, M., and Shefazadeh, K. 2012. Relationships between grain yield and yield components in bread wheat under different water availability (dryland and supplemental irrigation conditions). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 40(1): 195-200. Mohsen Nia, O., and Jalilian, J. 2012. Effects of drought stress and fertilizer sources on yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of Agroecology, 4(3): 235-245. Monsef Afshar, R., Jamshidi, K., Rezaei, M., Yoosefi, A., and Latifeh Poor, A. 2020. Effect of antitranspirants on seed yield and photosynthetic properties of two wheat cultivars under drought stress. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 51: 149-161. Nagajyoti, P. C., Lee, K. D., and Sreekanth, T. V. M. 2010. Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 8: 199–216. Naidu, V. S. G. R., Panwar, J. D. S., and Annapurna, K. 2003. Yield response in rice to auxin application and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 8: 96–98. Narula, N., Remus, R., Deubel, A., Granse, A., Dudeja, S. S., Behl, R. K., and Merbach, W. 2007. Comparison of the effectiveness of wheat roots colonization by Azotobacter chroococcum and Pantoea agglomerans using serological techniques. Plant Soil Environment, 53: 167-176. Nehra, A. S., and Hooda, I. S. 2002. Influence of integrated use of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on lentil and mung bean yields and soil properties. Research Crops, 3(1):11–16. Nelson, D.W., and Sommers, L.E. 1973. Determination of total nitrogen in plant material. Agronomy Journal, 65: 109-112. Oda, S., and Vanderleyden, J. 2000. Azospirillum a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium closely associated with grasses: genetic, biochemical and ecological aspects. FEMS Microbiological Review, 24: 487 - 506. Popova, L., Maslenkova, L., Yordanova, R., Krantev, A., Szalai, G., and Janda, T. 2008. Salicylic acid protects photosynthesis against cadmium toxicity in pea plants. General and Applied Plant Physiology, (Special issue) 34: 133–144. Prakash, M., and Ramachandran, K. 2000. Effects of chemical Ameliorants in Brinjaksolanum melongenal under moisture stress conditions. Journal of Agronomy Crop Science, 185: 237- 239. Rai, U. N., Pandey, K., Sinha, S., Singh, A., Saxena, R., and Gupta, D. K. 2004. Revegetating fly ash landfills with Prosopis juliflora L.: impact of different amendments and Rhizobium inoculation. Environment International, 30: 293 – 300. Ravikumar, S., Shanthy, S., Kalaiarasi, A. and Sumaya, M. 2014. The biofertilizer effect of halophilic phosphate solubilising bacteria on Oryza sativa. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 19(10): 1406-1411. Samar, M., and Khosravi, H. 2002. The effects of four strains of Azotobacter on growth and nutrient uptake by apple trees. Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress of Soil Science Iran, Karaj, Pp: 1-4. (In Persian) Sharma, A. K. 2004. Biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Agrobios India press. Sharma, H., Bhandawat, A., Kumar, P., Rahim, M.S., Parveen, A., Kumar, P., Madhawan, A., Rishi, V., and Roy, J. 2020. Development and characterization of bZIP transcription factor based SSRs in wheat. Gene, 756: 144912. Sheikha, S. A. K., and Al-Malki, F. M. 2011. Growth and chlorophyll responses of bean plants to chitosan applications. European Journal Science Research, 50: 124-134. Shi, R., Zhang, Y., Chen, X., Sun, Q., Zhang, F., Rcemheld, V., and Zou, C., 2010. Influence of long-term nitrogen fertilization on micronutrient density in grain of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Cereal Science, 51: 165–170. Suneja, S., Lakshminarayana, K., and Gupta, P. P. 1994. Role of Azotobacter chroococcum siderophores in control of bacterial rot and Sclrotinia rot of mustard. Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 24: 202-205. Tahkokorpi, M. 2010. Anthocyanins under drought and drought-related stresses in blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Acta Universitatis Ouluensis: A Scientiae Rerum Naturalium, 556: 1-46. Tarang, E., Ramroudi, M., Galavi, M., Dahmardeh, M., and Mohajeri, F. 2013. Effects of Nitroxin bio-fertilizer with chemical fertilizer on yield and yield components of grain corn. Agricultural Science, 3 (5): 400-405. Tarango Rivero, S. H., Nevarez Moorillon, V. G., and Orrantia B. E. 2009. Growth, yield, and nutrient status of pecans fertilized with bio solids and inoculated with rizosphere fungi. Bioresource Technology, 100: 1992–1998. Vaez, A. Khorgamy, A., and Sayyahfar, M. 2016. The effect of nitroxin biofertilizer and foliar application of micronutrients time consumption on yield and yield components of new wheat cultivars under Khorramabad climatic conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 13: 797-809 (In Persian). Yasari, E., Esmaeli A., Mozafari M. A. E., and Alashti M. R. 2009. Enhancement of growth and nutrient uptake of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) by applying mineral nutrients and biofertilizers. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 12(2): 127- 133. Yigitarslan, U. 2010. Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences. MSc. Thesis. University of Ankara, Turkey. Yoshida, S., Forno, D.A., and Cock, J. 1971. Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rice. Int. Rice Res. Inst. Westerman, R. L. 1990. Soil Testing and Plant Analysis. Soil Science Society of America book series, No. 3, Madison, USA. Wu, S. C., Cao, Z. H., Li, Z. G., and Cheung, K. C. 2005. Effect of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth: greenhouse trial. Geoderma, 125: 155-166. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 420 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 325 |
||