Manufacturing and evaluation of steamers to eliminate weed seeds in the soil used in the reproduction of forest tree species | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| Article 13, Volume 22, Issue 4, January 2015, Pages 702-710 PDF (510.87 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research article | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/ijfpr.2014.13183 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Mohammad Kazem Araghi* 1; Farshid Merikh2; Zahra Mansouri3 | ||
| 1Senior Research Expert, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, I.R. Iran | ||
| 2Research Expert, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, I.R. Iran | ||
| 3M.Sc. in Soil Biology, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, I.R. Iran. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| In greenhouses used for reproduction of tree species, several methods can be used for controlling seeds and rhizomes of weeds in soil. A number of these methods are used in situ, whereas some are applicable in fields when mass reproduction is pursued. The methods embrace a range from heat-based methods to those using chemicals. However, the chemical method is associated with a number of restrictions including harmful environmental effects and high costs. Therefore, we designed and constructed a steam-based instrument which additionally contributes to a disinfection of soil by water steam. The system was tested at different treatments as three temperature levels of 70, 90 and 110 degrees, as well as at three soil types containing various portions of clay. The study site was conducted in a botanical garden, in which garden soil was mixed with compost and weed species seeds of Dactylis glomerata, Festoca arundinacea and Medicago sativa. The 110 degrees temperature and a mixture of garden soil with compost were shown to be associated with the best performance of soil sterilization in eliminating all three weed plants. Due to the fact that the designed system is a small industrial steam instrument which is domestically manufactured, it can be suggested as an appropriate cost-effecting means for easing the mass reproduction of forest species within greenhouses and botanical gardens. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Steam instrument; weed seed; soil sterilization; Greenhouse | ||
| References | ||
|
- Anonymous, 1996. Methyl Bromide Alternative Case Study Part of EPA 430-R-96-021, 10 Case Studies, U.S.EPA, Volume 2, 296p. - Baker, K.F. 1962. Principles of heat treatment of soil and planting material. J. Austral. Inst. Of Agric. Sci., 28(2), 118-126 -Bartock, J.W. 1993. Steaming is still the most effective way of treating contaminated media. Greenhouse Manager, 110(10): 88-89. -Bunt, A.G. 1954. Steampressure in soil sterilization. The Journal of Horticultural Science, 29: 89-97. -Egli, M., Mirabella, A., Kagi, B., Tomasone, R. and Colorio, G. 2006. Influence of steam strelization on soil characteristics. Trace Metal and Clay Mineralogy, Geodermal, 131:13-142. - Ellis, R.G. 1991. A review of sterilization of glasshouse soil for the HOC. Horticultural Development Council, U.K.p250 -Ilse de, J. and Kotzé, J.M. 2002. Steam pasteurization as an alternative to fumigation for disinfecting container media centre for environmental biology and biological control. Faculty of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, 145p. -Quarles, W. 1997. Steam - the hottest alternative to MethylBromide. American Nurseryman, 15: 37-43. -Razavidarbar, S. and Lakzian, A. 2007. Evaluation of chemical and biological consequences of soil sterilization methods. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 5(2): 87-91. -Rebecca, E.D., Roger, A D. and Kate, M.S. 2005. Soil sterilization and organic carbon, but not microbial inoculant, change microbial communities in replanted peach orchards. California Agriculture, 59(3): 176-181. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 2,492 PDF Download: 2,622 |
||
Journal management system. designed by sinaweb