| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,081 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,377 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 48,015,608 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 78,925,889 |
اثر پوشش قبل از برداشت بر برخی خصوصیات کمی و کیفیت میوه خرما رقم مجول | ||
| نهال و بذر | ||
| دوره 39، شماره 3، مهر 1402، صفحه 353-329 اصل مقاله (875.5 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/spj.2024.365385.1354 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| انسیه قربانی* 1؛ احمد مستعان1؛ مژگان مقدم2؛ سارا ضرغامی1 | ||
| 1استادیار، پژوهشکده خرما و میوههای گرمسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران. | ||
| 2کارشناس، پژوهشکده خرما و میوههای گرمسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این پژوهش به منظور بررسی اثر پوششهای مختلف بر برخی خصوصیات کمی وکیفیت میوه خرمای رقم مجول (درختان 26-25 ساله) در شرایط آب و هوایی اهواز در دو سال 1399 و 1400 انجام شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با هفت تیمار وهشت تکرار در کلکسیون پژوهشکده خرما و میوههای گرمسیری اهواز انجام شد. پوششها شامل کاغذکرافت، پارچه متقال مشکی، سفید، آبی، توری گلخانه سبز، پوشش حصیری و شاهد (بدون پوشش) بود. پوششها در مرحله خارک بر روی خوشهها قرارگرفتند، بهطوری که انتهای پوششها باز بود و تا زمان برداشت روی درخت باقی ماندند. تجزیه واریانس داده نشان داد که وزن خوشههای مورد مطالعه، وزن رطب در خوشه و وزن خرما در خوشه و عملکرد نهایی در درخت تحتتأثیر نوع پوشش قرار گرفت. وزن خوشه، وزن رطب و خرما در هر خوشه و عملکرد نهایی در درخت تحت پوششهای مختلف بیشتر از شاهد بود. بیشترین وزن خوشه (69/5 کیلوگرم)، وزن خرما در خوشه (2/12 کیلوگرم) و عملکرد نهایی میوه در درخت (29/3کیلوگرم) مربوط به پوشش توری گلخانه سبز و بیشترین وزن رطب در خوشه (0/86 کیلوگرم) مربوط به پوشش متقال آبی بود. اسیدیته(pH) ، اسیدیته قابل تیتراسیون(TA) و مواد جامد محلول (SSC) میوهها تحتتأثیر پوشش قرار نگرفت. به طور کلی، پوشش توری گلخانه سبز و پوشش حصیری در افزایش عملکرد نهایی میوه در درخت و کاهش جمعیت تخم، پوره و حشره بالغ کنهتارتن مؤثرتر بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| خرما؛ میزان مواد جامد محلول؛ وزن خرما در خوشه؛ وزن خوشه؛ عملکرد نهایی میوه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of Preharvest Bagging on Some Quantitative and Quality Characteristics of Date Palm Fruit cv. Medjool | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| E. Ghorbani1؛ A. Mostaan1؛ M. Moghadam2؛ S. Zarghami1 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Date Palm and Tropical Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Ahvaz, Iran. | ||
| 2Expert, Date Palm and Tropical Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Ahvaz, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This research was carried out to investigate the effect of preharvest bagging, with different bag types, on the quantitative and quality characteristics of palm date fruit cv. Medjool (25-26 years old trees) in the date palm and tropical fruits research center under Ahvaz weather conditions in 2020 and 2021. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with seven treatments and eight replications. The studied bag types included kraft paper, black, white, and blue cloth, green greenhouse net, straw bag and control (without bagging). Bagging was applied in the khalal stage, and the ends of the bags were open and they remained on the tree until harvest time. The results showed that the weight of bunch, rutab weight bunch-1, tamar weight bunch-1 and the final fruit yield tree-1 were affected by the bag type. Bunch weight, rutab weight and tamar weight in each bunch and final fruit yield tree-1 in all treatments were more than the control. The highest bunch weight (5.69 kg), tamar weight bunch-1 (2.12 kg) and final fruit yield tree-1 (29.3 kg) related to green greenhouse net bag and the highest rutab weight bunch-1 (0.86 kg) related to blue cloth bag. Acidity (pH), titratable acidity (TA) and soluble solids content (SSC) of fruits were not affected by bag type. In general, the green greenhouse net and straw bags were more effective in increasing the final fruit yield tree-1 and reducing the population of eggs, nymphs and adults of Date palm mite. Keywords: Palm date, soluble solids content, tamar weight bunch-1, bunch weight, Final fruit yield. Introduction Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a monocotyledonous and dioecious plant from the Arecaceae family. Iran as one of the major dates producers ranks third in the world following Egypt and Saudi Arabia (FAO, 2021). Palm dates with about 234,012 hectares cultivated area are one of the most important horticultural products in the southern regions of Iran. Medjool cultivar is one of the valuable palm date in the International markets, which has attracted the attention of palm farmers due to its adaptation high performance and price compared to other cultivars in the southern regions in Iran (Zargari, 2023). The preharvest bagging technique is particularly used to improve the appearance and quality of fruit, especially in Asia (Moaaz Ali et al., 2021). Bagging may cause various changes in the physiology of the fruit and its quality characteristics (Moaaz Ali et al., 2021). Kassem et al. (2011) stated that bagging with blue polyethylene bags decreased the soluble solids content, dry matter, total sugar and reducing sugar and increased the moisture content of date fruits. Omar et al., (2014) studied the effect of bagging with kraft paper and mesh cloth on the quality characteristics of Rothana dates and reported that bagging increased the soluble solids content (SSC) and reducing sugar, however the amount of total sugar was not affected by bagging types. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of preharvest bagging, with different bag types, on the quantitative and quality characteristics of palm date fruit cv. Medjool in Ahvaz region in Iran. Materials and Methods This research was carried out to investigate the effect of preharvest bagging, with different bag types, on the quantitative and quality characteristics of palm date fruit cv. Medjool (25-26 years old trees) in the date palm and tropical fruits research center under Ahvaz weather conditions in 2020 and 2021. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with seven treatments and eight replications. The studied bag types included kraft paper, black, white, and blue cloth, green greenhouse net, straw bag and control (without bagging). Bagging was applied in the khalal stage, and the ends of the bags were open and they remained on the tree until harvest time. After harvesting the fruits and transferring them to the laboratory, the quantitative and quality characteristics of fruits were evaluated and measured. Bunch weight, tamar weight bunch-1, rutab weight bunch-1 and final fruit yield tree-1 (sum of rutab and tamar weights) were measured and recorded. Moisture content was determined according to AOAC (2012) method. To measure pH, total soluble solids (SSC), titratable acid (TA), total sugar, and date- reducing sugars, extracting date fruit with one-fifth concentration was done in the same way (AOAC, 2012). Combined analysis of variance for data performed using SAS 9.4 software. Tukey's Test was used for mean comparisons at the 5% and 1% probability levels. Six branches were randomly sampled from each treatment one day before covering with different bagging and also when bags were opened. The number of eggs, nymphs, adualts of mites were counted on fruits on the branches. Corrected mortality rate and mean comparison were determined using the Henderson-Tilton formula and Tukey’s test at the 5% probability level, respectively. Results and Discussion Combined analysis of variance showed that the effect of year and bag type on bunch weight, rutab weight bunch-1, tamar weight bunch-1 and final fruit yield tree-1 were significant. The highest bunch weight, tamar weight bunch-1 and final fruit yield tree-1 were related to the green greenhouse net bag and the lowest to the control. The highest rutab weight bunch-1 was obtained under the blue cloth bags. All the bagging treatments caused an increase in bunch weight, rutab weight bunch-1, tamar weight bunch-1 and final fruit yield tree-1. The results of the present research are consistent with the results reported by Mostafa et al. (2014) regarding the increase in bunch weight with the application of bags. Considering that bunches with bag had more weight than the control, and on the other hand, the weight of a single fruit was not affected by the bag type, it can be concluded that bunches under bagging treatments had less fruit drops than the control. The pH of the fruits was higher in the second year, and the titratable acidity and moisture content of the fruits were higher in the first year. Among the examined bag types, straw bags (65.52%) and white cloth (54.39%) caused a significant increase and decrease in SSC compared to the control, respectively. The highest efficiency of bagging (highest mite mortality rate) was observed in the straw bag and green greenhouse net, and the lowest efficiency was observed in white cloth and kraft paper. Therefore, preharvest bagging of bunches could protect the palm date fruit cv. Medjool from pests and environmental factors and improved the quantitative and quality characteristics as well as marketability of the fruits. References Kassem, H.A., Omar, A.K.H. and Ahmed, M.A. 2011. Response of ‘Zaghloul’ date palm productivity, ripening and quality to different polyethylene bagging treatments. American–Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science, 11, pp.616–621. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.882.126 Moaaz Ali, M., Anwar R., Yousef, A.F., Li, B., Luvisi, A., Bellis, L.D., Aprile, A. and Chen, F. 2021. Influence of bagging on the development and quality of fruits (Review). Plants, 10(2), 358. DOI: 10.3390/plants10020358 Omar, A.D.E.K., Al-Saif, A.M. and Ahmed, M.A.E.A. 2014. Bagging of bunches with different materials influences yield and quality of Rothana date palm fruit. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 12(2), pp.520-522. Zargari, H. 2023. Evaluation of compatible pollen application on yield and some quantitative characteristics of tissue culture derived date palm of Medjool cultivar. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 54(2), pp.195-212. DOI: 10.22059/IJHS.2022.339366.2004 | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
AOAC. 2012. Official Methods of Analysis (19th ed.). Association of Analytical Chemists, Inc, Washington DC, USA.
Awad, M.A. 2007. Increasing the rate of ripening of date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. ‘Helali’ by pre-harvest and postharvest treatments. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 43, pp.121–127. DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.08.006
Bentley, W.J. and Viveros, M. 1992. Brown-bagging ‘Granny Smith’ apples on trees stops codling moth damage. California Agriculture, 46, pp.30–32. DOI: 10.3733/ca.v046n04p30
Chen, C.S., Zhang, D., Wang, Y.Q., Li, P.M. and Ma, F.W. 2012. Effects of fruit bagging on the contents of phenolic compounds in the skin and flesh of ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Royal Gala’ apples. Scientia Horticulturae, 142, pp. 68–73. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.05.001
FAO. 2021. Crop production and trade data. http://faostat.fao.org/site/291/default.aspx
Frank, D. 2018. Evaluation of fruit bagging as a pest management option for direct pests of apple. Insects, 9(4), 178. DOI: 10.3390/insects9040178
Harash, M.M. and Al-Obeed, R. 2010. Effect of bunch bagging color on yield and fruit quality of date palm. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, 7(3), pp.312-319.
Henderson, C.F. and Tilton, E.W. 1955. Tests with acaricides against the brow wheat mite. Journal of Economic Entomology, 48, pp.157-161. DOI: 10.1093/jee/48.2.157
Hiratsuka, S., Yokoyama, Y., Nishimura, H., Miyazaki, T. and Nada, K. 2012. Fruit photosynthesis and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity as affected by lightproof fruit bagging in Satsuma mandarin. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 137, pp.215–220. DOI: 10.21273/JASHS.137.4.215
Kahramanoglu, I. and Usanmaz, S. 2019. Preharvest and postharvest treatments for increasing the rate of ripening of date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Medjool. Progress in Nutrition, 21(1), pp.215-224. DOI: 10.23751/pn.v21i1.7817
Kassem, H.A., Omar, A.K.H. and Ahmed, M.A. 2011. Response of ‘Zaghloul’ date palm productivity, ripening and quality to different polyethylene bagging treatments. American–Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science, 11, pp.616–621. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.882.126
Kim, Y.H., Kim, H.H., Youn, C.K., Kweon, S.J., Jung, H.J. and Lee, C.H. 2008. Effects of bagging material on fruit coloration and quality of “Janghowon Hwangdo” peach. Acta Horticalturae, 772, pp.81–86. DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.772.9
Kordrostami, M., Mafakheri, M. and Al-Khayri, J. 2022. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) genetic improvement via biotechnological approaches. Tree Genetic and Genomes, 18, pp.1-28. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-1318-5_23
Liu, Y.J., Xu, J.H., Zhang, Z.H., Jiang, J.M. and Yu, D. 2004. Effects of different paper bags on fruit quality of loquat. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 26, pp.334–337.
Moaaz Ali, M., Anwar R., Yousef, A.F., Li, B., Luvisi, A., Bellis, L.D., Aprile, A. and Chen, F. 2021. Influence of bagging on the development and quality of fruits (Review). Plants, 10(2), 358. DOI: 10.3390/plants10020358 Mostafa, R.A.A., El-Salhy, A.M., El-Banna, A.A. and Diab, Y.M. 2014. Effect of bunch bagging on yield and fruit quality of seewy date palm under new valley conditions (Egypt). Middle East Journal of Agriculture Research, 3(3), pp.517-521.
Muchui, M.N., Mathooko, F.M., Njoroge, C.K., Kahangi, E.M., Onyango, C.A. and Kimani, E.M. 2010. Effect of perforated blue polyethylene bunch covers on selected postharvest quality parameters of tissue-cultured bananas (Musa spp.) cv. Williams in Central Kenya. Journal of Stored Products and Postharvest Research, 1, pp.29–41.
Murray, X.J., Holcroft, D.M., Cook, N.C. and Wand, S.J.E. 2005. Postharvest quality of ‘Laetitia’ and ‘Songold’ (Prunus salicina Lindell) plums as affected by pre-harvest shading treatments. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 37, pp.81–92
Ni, Z., Zhang, Z., Gao, Z., Gu, L. and Huang, L. 2010. Effects of bagging on sugar metabolism and the activity of sugar metabolism related enzymes during fruit development of ‘Qingzhong’ loquat. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10, pp.4212–4216.
Omar, A.D.E.K., Al-Saif, A.M. and Ahmed, M.A.E.A. 2014. Bagging of bunches with different materials influences yield and quality of Rothana date palm fruit. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 12(2), pp.520-522.
Omar, A.E.D.K. 2015. Pre-harvest bagging material impacts on fruit drop, bunch weight and fruit quality of ‘Sewey’ date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). The Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences, 2(2), pp.366-372.
Rabeh, M.R.M. and Kassem, H.A. 2003. The effect of bagging the spathes after pollination on yield and quality of Zaghloul and Samany dates. Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research, 21(3B), pp.935-944.
Sharma, R.R., Reddy, S.V.R. and Jhalegar, M.J. 2014. Pre-harvest fruit bagging: A useful approach for plant protection and improved post-harvest fruit quality-A review. Journal of Horticulture Science and Biotechnology, 89, pp.101–113. DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2014.11513055
Singh, B.P., Singh. R.A., Singh, G. and Killadi, B. 2007. Response of bagging on maturity, ripening and storage behaviour of winter guava. Acta Horticultura, 735, pp.597-601. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.735.77
Watanawan, A., Watanawan, C. and Jarunate, J. 2008. Bagging ‘Nam Dok Mai’ mango during development affects colour and fruit quality. Acta Horticulturae, 787, pp.325–328. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.787.40
Xia, J., Zhang, Z., Qu, S.C., Xu, C.C. and Gao, J.J. 2009. Effects of bagging on the quality factors of Jiang Su ‘Red Fuji’ apple in the process of growth and development. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Science, 25, pp.351–356.
Xu, G., Nie, J., Wu, Y., Yan, Z. and Ye, M. 2018. The effects of fruit bagging on residue behavior and dietary risk for four pesticides in apple. Scientific Report, 8, pp.143-148. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32358-6.
Yang, W.H., Zhu, X.C., Bu, J.H., Hu, G.B., Wang, H.C. and Huang, X.M. 2009. Effects of bagging on fruit development and quality in cross-winter off-season longan. Scientia Horticulturae, 120, pp.194–200. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2008.10.009
Zargari, H. 2023. Evaluation of compatible pollen application on yield and
Zhou, X.B. and Guo, X.W. 2005. Effects of bagging on the fruit sugar metabolism and invertase activities in ‘Red Globe’ grape during fruit development. Journal of Fruit Science, 26, pp.30–33. DOI: 10.5897/AJB10.2656 | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 233 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 242 |
||