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اثر محلول‌پاشی نانو ذره کلسیم بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی گیاه ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.) تحت تنش شوری | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| دوره 40، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 120، تیر 1403، صفحه 415-400 اصل مقاله (1.04 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2024.131551 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهیار گرامی* 1؛ داوود اکبری نودهی2؛ محدثه امیری3؛ عماد درواخ4 | ||
| 1دانشگاه غیرانتفاعی سنا | ||
| 2دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قائمشهر | ||
| 3گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان | ||
| 4مؤسسه آموزش عالی سنا | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: امروزه به دلیل آشکار شدن اثرهای سوء مصرف داروهای شیمیایی برای بیشتر مصرف‌کنندگان، تمایل به مصرف گیاهان دارویی افزایش قابل ملاحظه‌ای یافته است. ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.) یکی از مهمترین گیاهان دارویی است که به دلیل داشتن متابولیت‌های ثانویه با ارزش و مهمی مانند اسانس‌ها در صنایع مختلف داروسازی بسیار مورد توجه است، اما شوری خطری جدی برای تولید آن محسوب می‌شود. شوری آب و خاک از مهمترین عوامل محدود کننده در تولید محصول هستند. با افزایش شوری خاک، فشار اسمزی افزایش یافته و گیاه برای جذب مقدار معینی آب، باید انرژی حیاتی بیشتری مصرف کند. افزایش تحمل به شوری گیاهان برای تولید غذای پایدار به‌ویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک ضروری است و می‌تواند نیاز آبشویی و هزینه‌های تولید را کاهش دهد. از آنجایی‌که استفاده از نانوذرات کلسیم سبب افزایش کارایی مصرف عناصر غذایی، کاهش سمّیت خاک، به حداقل رساندن اثرهای منفی ناشی از مصرف بیش از حد کود و کاهش تعداد دفعات کاربرد کود می‌گردد، این مطالعه به بررسی اثر نانوذره کلسیم بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه ریحان تحت شرایط تنش شوری پرداخت. مواد و روش‌ها: تیمار نانوذره کلسیم در پنج سطح به صورت محلول‌پاشی با غلظت‌های 0، 0.25، 0.5، 1 و 1.5 گرم بر لیتر و تیمار شوری با غلظت‌های 0، 75 و 150 میلی‌مولار کلرید سدیم به همراه محلول هوگلند در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در محیط گلخانه به گیاهان داده شد. برخی خصوصیات رشدی مانند ارتفاع، تعداد برگ، سطح برگ، وزن تر و وزن خشک گیاه اندازه‌گیری شدند. برخی خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی مانند فلاونویید، قند محلول، مقدار آنتوسیانین، میزان آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان مانند کاتالاز و پراکسیداز، مقدار کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل و مقدار کاروتنویید نیز اندازه‌گیری گردیدند. برای مقایسه میانگین‌ها از آزمون حداقل اختلاف معنی‌دار در نرم‌افزار SAS استفاده شد. نتایج: نتایج آنالیز واریانس اثر کلسیم بر بیشتر صفات مورفولوژیک معنی‌دار بود. سطوح مختلف شوری نیز به تنهایی اثر معنی‌داری بر صفات مورد مطالعه داشت (1%>p). طبق مقایسه میانگین اثر ساده کلسیم بر رنگیزه‌های کلروفیلی، با افزایش سطح کلسیم، رنگیزه‌های کلروفیلی افزایش و فتوسنتز بهبود یافت. اثر ساده سطوح مختلف شوری بر روی برخی صفات (فنل، قند محلول، آنزیم پراکسیداز و آنتوسیانین) نشان داد که افزایش سطح شوری سبب افزایش مقدار صفات مورد مطالعه گردید، به گونه‌ای که در غلظت 150 میلی‌مولار شوری مقدار فنل با 8.02 میلی‌گرم گالیک‌اسید بر گرم وزن خشک نسبت به نمونه شاهد (5.10 میلی‌گرم) بیشترین مقدار را نشان داد. همچنین در این غلظت شوری، مقدار قند محلول با 139.9 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن خشک نسبت به نمونه شاهد با 110.9 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن خشک بیشترین مقدار را داشت. اثر متقابل کلسیم و شوری تنها بر محتوای کلروفیلی، مقدار فلاونویید‌ها و کاتالاز معنی‌دار بود (1%>p). نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش بیانگر این مطلب بود که صفات فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی گیاه ریحان تحت تأثیر تنش شوری قرار گرفتند و کلسیم در برهم‌کنش با تنش شوری سبب کاهش اثرهای مخرب تنش شوری شد. بنابراین، برای بهبود عملکرد گیاه ریحان در شرایط تنش شوری، محلول‌پاشی نانوکود کلسیم در غلظت‌های مطلوب پیشنهاد می‌گردد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| گیاه دارویی؛ نانوکود؛ پتانسیل اسمزی؛ تحمل به شوری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of calcium nano-paticle on some physiologic and biochemical characteristics of Ocimum basilicum L. under salinity stress | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M. Gerami1؛ D. Akbari Nodehi2؛ M. Amiri3؛ E. Darvakh4 | ||
| 1Sana Institute of Higher Education | ||
| 2Islamic Azad University of Qaemshahr Branch | ||
| 3Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology | ||
| 4Sana Institute of Higher Education | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Nowadays, due to the revelation of the harmful effects of chemical drugs for most users, the desire to use medicinal plants has increased significantly. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants of great interest in various pharmaceutical industries due to its valuable and vital secondary metabolites, such as essential oil. However, salinity is considered a major constraint for its productivity. Soil and irrigation water salinity is a major constraint for crop production. In salinity-rich soils, the osmotic pressure increases, and the plant must burn more vital energy to absorb water. Increasing the salinity tolerance of plants for sustainable food production, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, can reduce the need for irrigation and, thus, production costs. Since using calcium nanoparticles increases nutrient utilization efficiency, reducing soil toxicity, minimizing the adverse effects of over-fertilization and reducing the frequency of fertilizer application, the present study investigates the effect of calcium nanoparticles on physiologic and biochemical properties of basil medicinal plant under salinity stress. Materials and Methods: The plants were treated with calcium nanoparticles in five levels by spraying with concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/l and salt concentrations of 0.75 and 150 mM along with Hoagland solution in a completely randomized design in a greenhouse environment with three replications. Some growth characteristics such as height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weight, amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content of the plant were measured. Some biochemical characteristics such as flavonoid, soluble sugar, anthocyanin content and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and peroxidase were also measured. The least significant difference (LST) test was used to compare the means in SAS software. Results: The results of ANOVA showed a significant effect of calcium nanoparticles on most morphological traits. Also, different salinity levels alone significantly affected the studied traits (p<0.01). Following the reduction of the osmotic potential of the soil solution due to salinity stress, water absorption decreases and as a result of stomata closing, the photosynthesis and respiration decrease. The mean comparison of the simple effect of calcium nanoparticles on chlorophyll pigments showed that with increasing the nanoparticle level, chlorophyll content increased, and as a result, photosynthesis improved. The simple effect of different salinity levels on some traits (phenol, soluble sugar, peroxidase enzyme and anthocyanin) showed that increasing the salinity level caused an increase in these traits. So, at the concentration of 150 mM salinity, phenol content with 8.02 mg of gallic acid per g of dry weight showed the highest amount compared to the control sample of 10.5 mg. Also, the soluble sugar content was the highest at this salinity concentration, with 139.9 mg/g dry weight, compared to the control, with 110.9 mg/g dry weight. The interaction effect of calcium nanoparticles and salinity on basil's morphological characteristics and carotenoid content was insignificant. However, it was significant in the chlorophyll content, the amount of flavonoids and catalase (p<0.01). In fact, with nano fertilizers, the plant can absorb more nutrients, and while reducing the leaching of elements, the yield of the product increases. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Basil were affected by salinity stress, and the interaction of nano calcium with salinity stress reduced the effects of salinity stress. Therefore, spraying the nano-fertilizer in an appropriate concentration is suggested to improve the yield of basil in salinity stress conditions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Medicinal plant, nanofertilizer, osmotic potential, tolerance to salinity | ||
| مراجع | ||
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