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اثر افزایشی کربنات کلسیم و فسفات بر محتوای آنتراکینونی در ریشه روناس (Rubia tinctorum L.) | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 40، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 120، تیر 1403، صفحه 259-274 اصل مقاله (991.84 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2024.131441 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| رمضانعلی خاوری نژاد* 1؛ محمد مقدمی راد2؛ سارا سعادتمند3؛ فرزانه نجفی4 | ||
| 1استاد گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه و فناوری های همگرا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران | ||
| 2گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه و فناوری های همگرا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی قم، ایران | ||
| 3گروه زیست شناسی ، دانشکده علوم پایه و فناوری های همگرا، واحد علوم وتحقیقات ،دانشگاه آزاداسلامی،تهران،ایران | ||
| 4دانشیار گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: روناس (Rubia tinctorum L.) گیاهی چندساله و علفی است که ریشه آن به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین بخش اقتصادی آن شناخته شده و غنی از مشتقات آنتراکینونی است. روناس گیاهی با مزیت‌های چندگانه دارویی، غذایی، رنگی و بهداشتی است. مطالعات دارویی اخیر نشان داده‌اند که آنتراکینون‌های ریشه روناس درجه خاصی از اثر مهاری انتخابی نسبت به سلول‌های سرطانی دارد. در این پژوهش با توجه به محدودیت‌های آب و خاک منطقه مورد آزمایش، استفاده از حاصلخیزکننده‌های زیست‌‌تخریب‌پذیر کربنات کلسیم و فسفات برای تولید روناس پیشنهاد گردید تا با توجه به تغییر اقلیم و کمبود آب به‌عنوان خطرات جدی توسعه پایدار، ارزان بودن تولید روناس و کاربرد چندگانه آن، کاشت و تولید این گیاه به‌‌ویژه در مناطق نیمه‌خشک انجام شود. مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش به‌صورت فاکتوریل با دو عامل و چهار تکرار در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. عامل کربنات کلسیم در پنج سطح 0، 20، 50، 100 و 150 کیلوگرم بر هکتار و فسفات از منبع کود سوپر فسفات تریپل در چهار سطح 0، 50، 100 و 150 کیلوگرم بر هکتار تأمین شد. در شرایط مزرعه در اردکان یزد در هر کرت چهار در چهار متر، چهار ردیف بذر کاشته شد، دو ردیف کناری و دو گیاه از طرفین خطوط باقی مانده به‌عنوان اثر حاشیه‌ای حذف و بقیه گیاهان به‌عنوان جامعه آماری در نظر گرفته شدند. هدایت الکتریکی آب آبیاری در طول دوره رشد اندازه‌گیرى و میانگین آن 11.6 دسی‌زیمنس بر مترمربع گزارش شد. کرت‌ها بلافاصله بعد از کاشت بذر، آبیاری شدند. چهار روز بعد دوباره آبیاری انجام گردید. بعد از آبیاری دوم، هر ۱۲ روز یک‌بار و در زمستان آبیاری ماهی یک‌بار انجام شد. در پاییز سال دوم و سوم نیز پای بوته‌ها، دوباره خاک همراه با تیمارهای مورد نظر داده شد. در زمستان سال سوم گیاهان روناس برداشت شدند. زیست‌توده وزن تر ریشه بلافاصله بعد از برداشت توزین شد. بعد از خشک کردن ریشه‌ها در دمای 104 درجه سانتی‌گراد، وزن خشک ریشه اندازه‌گیری شد. محتوای آنتراکینونی و پراکسید هیدروژن ریشه‌ها نیز به‌وسیله اسپکتروفتومتر انجام شد. نتایج: نتایج آنالیز واریانس دوعاملی داده‌ها نشان داد که اثر ساده و متقابل تیمارهای مختلف کربنات کلسیم و فسفات بر شاخص‌های عملکردی زیست‌توده، وزن تر ریشه، وزن خشک ریشه، محتوای آنتراکینونی و پراکسید هیدروژن ریشه در این پژوهش در سطح احتمال 0.05 معنی‌دار بود. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که بیشترین مقادیر زیست‌توده، وزن تر ریشه، وزن خشک ریشه، محتوای آنتراکینونی و پراکسید هیدروژن در تیمار توأم 20 کیلوگرم بر هکتار کربنات کلسیم و 100 کیلوگرم بر هکتار فسفات نسبت به شاهد مشاهده شد. کمترین مقدار شاخص‌های عملکردی مورد بررسی در این پژوهش در تیمار توأم 150 کیلوگرم بر هکتار کربنات کلسیم و 150 کیلوگرم بر هکتار فسفات نسبت به شاهد مشاهده شد. استفاده همزمان این دو کود روی یکدیگر اثر مکمل داشت، بدین ترتیب که کاربرد ۲۰ و ۵۰ کیلوگرم در هکتار کربنات کلسیم، همراه با ۱۰۰ کیلوگرم در هکتار فسفات اثر افزایشی بر محتوای آنتراکینونی و پراکسید هیدروژن ریشه روناس داشت. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که در تیمار توأم 20 کیلوگرم بر هکتار کربنات کلسیم و 100 کیلوگرم بر هکتار فسفات نسبت به شاهد، بیشترین وزن تر ریشه با افزایش 71%، بیشترین وزن خشک ریشه با افزایش 91% و بیشترین محتوای آنتراکینونی با افزایش 142% مشاهده شد. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که در تیمار توأم 50 کیلوگرم بر هکتار کربنات کلسیم و 100 کیلوگرم بر هکتار فسفات نسبت به شاهد، بیشترین مقدار شاخص زیست‌توده با افزایش 79% مشاهده شد. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که شاخص‌های عملکردی وزن تر ریشه، وزن خشک ریشه، محتوای آنتراکینونی و زیست‌توده روناس تحت تأثیر تیمار توأم 20 کیلوگرم بر هکتار کربنات کلسیم و 100 کیلوگرم بر هکتار فسفات افزایش قابل‌توجهی داشتند. برای افزایش ترکیبات آنتراکینونی تحت تأثیر محرک‌های محیطی خارجی زیست‌‌تخریب‌پذیر و ارزان‌‌قیمت در مناطقی مشابه شرایط اقلیمی مورد مطالعه در این پژوهش، کشت روناس با استفاده از حاصلخیزکننده‌های کربنات کلسیم و فسفات پیشنهاد می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ترکیبات ثانویه؛ تریپل سوپر فسفات؛ شاخص‌های عملکردی؛ کربنات کلسیم؛ گیاه دارویی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The additive effect of calcium carbonate and phosphate on anthraquinone contents in the roots of Rubia tinctorum L. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| R. A. Khavari-Nejad1؛ M. Moghadami Rad2؛ S. Sadatmand3؛ F. Najafi4 | ||
| 1Professor, Department of Biology, Faculty of Converging Sciences and Technologies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Converging Sciences and Technologies, Islamic Azad University of Qom, Iran | ||
| 31Department of Biology, Faculty of Converging Sciences and Technologies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 4Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Madder (Rubia tinctorum L.) is a perennial and herbaceous plant. Madder's root is known as its most important economic part, and it is rich in anthraquinone derivatives. Madder is a plant with medicinal, nutritional, color and health benefits. Recent pharmaceutical studies have shown that the anthraquinones of the madder root have selective inhibitory effects on cancer cells. In this research, according to the water and soil limitations of the tested area, the use of biodegradable calcium carbonate and phosphate fertilizers to produce madder was suggested. So, considering climate change and water shortage as severe risks to sustainable development, the cheapness of madder production and its multiple uses, the planting and production of this plant are mainly used in semi-arid areas. Methodology: In field conditions in Ardakan, Yazd, this research was tested in factorial form in a randomized complete block design with two factors and four replications. Calcium carbonate agent was supplied at five levels of 0, 20, 50, 100 and 150 kg hˉ1 and phosphate from triple superphosphate fertilizer at four levels of 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg hˉ1. In each four-by-four-meter plot, four rows of seeds were planted, two side rows and two plants from the sides of the remaining lines were removed as marginal effects, and the rest of the plants were considered statistical populations. Irrigation water's electrical conductivity was measured during the growth period, and its average was 11.6 ds mˉ2. The plots were irrigated immediately after planting the seeds. Four days later, irrigation was done again. In the fall of the second and third years, soil was again given to the plants along with the desired treatments. Madder plants were harvested in the third winter year. Root fresh-weight biomass was weighed immediately after harvesting. After drying the roots at 104 °C, the dry weight of the roots was measured. A spectrophotometer also determined the content of anthraquinone and hydrogen peroxide in the roots. Results: The results of bivariate analysis of variance of the data showed that the simple and reciprocal effect of different calcium carbonate and phosphate treatments on functional indicators of biomass, root fresh weight, root dry weight, anthraquinone content and root hydrogen peroxide in this research was significant at P≥ 0.05. The comparison of averages showed that the highest values of biomass, root wet weight, root dry weight, anthraquinone and hydrogen peroxide were observed in the combined treatment of 20 kg h-1 of calcium carbonate and 100 kg h-1 of phosphate, compared to the control. The lowest value of performance indicators investigated in this research was observed in the combined treatment of 150 kg h-1 of calcium carbonate and 150 kg h-1 of phosphate, compared to the control. The simultaneous use of these two fertilizers had a complementary effect on each other. This was because the application of 20 and 50 kg h-1of calcium carbonate and 100kg h-1 of phosphate had an increasing impact on the anthraquinone and hydrogen peroxide content in madder roots. The comparison of the averages showed that in the combined treatment of 20 kg h-1of calcium carbonate and 100 kg h-1of phosphate, compared to the control, the highest wet weight of the root increased by 71%, the highest dry weight of the root increased by 91%, and the highest anthraquinone content increased by 142% was observed. The comparison of the averages showed that in the combined treatment of 50 kg h-1 of calcium carbonate and 100 kg h-1 of phosphate, compared to the control, the highest biomass index was observed, with an increase of 79%. Conclusion: The results showed that the functional indices of root fresh weight, root dry weight, anthraquinone content and biomass of madder increased significantly under the combined treatment of 20 kg h-1 of calcium carbonate and 100 kg h-1 of phosphate. It is suggested that madder be cultivated using calcium carbonate and phosphate fertilizers to increase the anthraquinone compounds under the influence of biodegradable and inexpensive external environmental stimuli in regions similar to the climatic conditions studied in this research. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Secondary compounds, triple superphosphate, performance indicators, calcium carbonate, medicinal plant | ||
| مراجع | ||
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